shRNA干扰BAMBI 基因对人结肠癌SW480 细胞恶性生物学行为的影响

[摘要] 目的: 探讨shRNA 干扰骨形成蛋白和激活素的穿膜抑制剂(bone orphogenetic protein and activin membrane bound inhibitor, BAMBI)基因对人结肠癌SW480 细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移的影响及其作用机制。方法: 转染SW480 细胞sh-BAMBI成功后,实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR)和Western blotting 检测BAMBI mRNA和蛋白表达水平,MTT法检测SW480 细胞增殖能力,Hoechst33258 染色检测细胞凋亡情况,Transwell 实验检测细胞侵袭能力,划痕实验检测SW480 细胞迁移能力,Western blotting检测TGF-β/Smad2 通路相关蛋白的表达水平。结果: 转染成功后sh-BAMBI组中BAMBI的mRNA和蛋白水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,sh-BAMBI 组细胞增殖率明显降低(P<0.05)、细胞凋亡率显著升高(P<0.01),同时其侵袭和迁移能力明显减弱(均P<0.05)。sh-BAMBI组TGF-β 蛋白水平和p-Smad2/Smad2 比值明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论: shRNA干扰BAMBI可诱导人结肠癌SW480 细胞凋亡并抑制细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,其机制可能与激活TGFβ/Smad2 通路有关。     

生存素siRNA对结肠癌细胞凋亡增殖和侵袭性的影响

目的:研究siRNA表达质粒沉默Survivin基因的效率及其对大肠癌细胞株SW480凋亡、增殖和侵袭性的影响。方法:构建Survivin基因的siRNA表达质粒(pRNAT/sur-siRNA),用Westeron-blot和半定量RT-PCR研究该表达质粒转染SW480后Survivin蛋白和mRNA表达的变化,流式细胞仪检测Survivin基因沉默后SW480细胞凋亡的变化,MTT法检测SW480细胞体外增值的变化;细胞侵袭性实验研究SW480细胞的侵袭性变化。结果:针对Survivin的siRNA的表达质粒下调大肠癌SW480细胞株Survivin蛋白和mRNA的表达水平,分别为85.0%,80.0%;pRNAT/sur-siRNA转染SW480后,SW480细胞凋亡率为16.9%;细胞增殖抑制率为37.4%,与对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.01);细胞侵袭实验示pRNAT/sur-siRNA/SW480细胞、pRNAT/SW480、SW480细胞的细胞穿透数分别为153±66、505±65、578±98个,(P<0.01)。结论:针对Survivin的siRNA可以显著降低Survivin的表达,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭,促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡。     

人胎盘提取物抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖及迁移

目的:探讨人胎盘提取物(human placenta extracts,HPE)对人结肠癌细胞株Caco-2及SW480增殖和迁移能力的影响.方法:用不同质量浓度HPE处理Caco-2和SW480细胞,CCK-8、Ki-67、CFSE法检测细胞增殖活性的变化,Annexin-V/PI及DAPI细胞核染色检测HPE对细胞周期及凋亡的影响,实时荧光定量PCR法检测HPE对细胞中BAX、CDK2及CyclinA2基因表达的影响,划痕实验检测对细胞迁移能力的影响.建立裸鼠结肠癌移植瘤模型,随机分组分别单独或联合给予HPE和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu),观察裸鼠移植瘤的生长状况.结果:HPE处理组Caco-2及SW480细胞增殖能力低于对照组[(0.82±0.01) vs (0.96±0.02),P＜0.01;(0.90±0.03) vs (0.96±0.02),P＜0.05],细胞凋亡率高于对照组[(20.47±1.32)％ vs(11.01±3.82)％,P＜0.01;(20.70±5.19)％ vs (8.00±2.69)％,P＜0.05];HPE处理组细胞胞质减少、核固缩、BAX基因表达增加[(3.23±1.90)vs(1.00±0.00),(2.25 ±0.55) vs (1.00±0.00),均P＜0.05];细胞停留在细胞DNA复制S期,出现凋亡峰;Caco-2细胞CDK2及CyclinA2基因表达降低(P＜0.05);并且细胞的迁移能力低于对照组[(0.17 ±0.29) vs (1.50±0.50)mm,P＜0.05].HPE处理组裸鼠移植瘤体积小于对照组、生存率高于单用5-Fu组(P＜0.05).结论:HPE在体内外通过干预结肠癌细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期、抑制细胞增殖及迁移,可能对抑制肿瘤细胞增殖有一定作用.     

NK4基因转染对裸鼠胰腺癌移植瘤生长的影响

背景与目的:NK4不仅是肝细胞生长因子的拮抗剂,而且是血管形成的抑制剂。研究已经证实NK4可以抑制肿瘤的生长和转移,但有关其在胰腺癌中的作用,目前少见文献报道。为此,本研究旨在探讨NK4基因在裸鼠体内的抗胰腺癌作用及其可能的机制。方法:建立裸鼠胰腺癌皮下移植瘤模型,构建NK4基因真核细胞表达载体并转染入瘤体内,转染前后称其体重、瘤重和测肿瘤体积,采用免疫组织化学和脱氧核糖核酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记技术对裸鼠胰腺癌组织中的凋亡细胞、增殖抗原和微血管密度进行观察和比较。结果:4周后,NK4转染组裸鼠移植瘤体积为(1.39±0.33)cm3,明显小于对照组和空载体组[(2.06±0.55)cm3和(1.90±0.36)cm3,P<0.01];其瘤重为(1.30±0.81)g,也显著低于对照组和空载体组[(3.45±1.88)g和(3.14±1.51)g,P<0.01],抑瘤率为62.29%。NK4转染组肿瘤细胞的凋亡指数为9.34±0.91,显著高于对照组和空载体组(4.13±0.79和3.94±1.03,P<0.001);而NK4转染组肿瘤细胞的增殖指数为53.88±4.30,与对照组间和空载体组比较无显著性差异(56.24±4.03和54.33±5.41,P>0.05);NK4转染组肿瘤组织的微血管密度为(12.24±4.63),明显低于对照组和空载体组(20.13±7.00和19.70±6.15,P<0.05)。结论:转染NK4基因可显著抑制裸鼠胰腺癌移植瘤的生长,其作用机制可能是通过抑制肿瘤新生血管的形成,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

康莱特注射液联合奥沙利铂对SW480细胞株增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究康莱特注射液(Kanglaite Injection)联合奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin,L-OHP)对人结直肠癌SW480细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:采用CCK-8法检测康莱特、L-OHP及其联合作用对SW480细胞的增殖抑制率的影响;FCM法检测2者对SW480细胞周期及凋亡率的影响;免疫细胞化学法和蛋白质印迹法检测2者对凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2表达的影响。结果:康莱特及L-OHP对SW480细胞增殖均有抑制作用,两药联合具有协同作用(P<0.05),细胞周期被阻滞于G2/M期(P<0.05);康莱特联合L-OHP对SW480细胞的凋亡率为(23.3±3.04)%,明显高于L-OHP单药作用的(9.00±2.14)%及康莱特单药作用的(7.50±0.85)%(P<0.05);免疫细胞化学法及蛋白质印迹法检测均显示康莱特能协同L-OHP抑制SW480细胞中Bcl-2蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。结论:康莱特可协同L-OHP抑制SW480细胞的增殖,并促进其凋亡。     

RNA干扰抑制人结肠癌SW480细胞EGFR的表达及其对体外生长情况影响的研究

目的研究利用RNA干扰技术抑制人结肠癌SW480细胞表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因的表达,并观察受抑制后SW480细胞体外生长情况的改变。方法利用脂质体将siRNA转染进入SW480细胞(野生型K-ras基因表达阳性),在细胞内形成双链siRNA,识别并降解EGFR mRNA。通过荧光定量RT-PCR检测EGFR mRNA的表达水平,Western blot检测EGFR蛋白的表达,MTT法检测SW480细胞的增殖抑制情况,流式细胞学检测细胞凋亡情况。结果转染EGFR395-siRNA和EGFR1499-siRNA的SW480细胞其EGFRmRNA及蛋白表达均较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);转染EGFR395-siRNA和EGFR1499-siRNA的SW480细胞增殖率较对照组降低(P<0.05),凋亡率增高(P<0.05)。结论 siRNA能有效抑制SW480细胞EGFR基因的表达,具有抑制细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡的作用。     

单壁碳纳米管对结肠癌细胞系SW480生物学行为影响研究

目的 单壁碳纳米管(single-walled carbon nanotubes,SWCNT)作为一维纳米材料具有良好的稳定性与光吸收能力且易倍修饰等特点,已被广泛用于癌症治疗、药物转运等领域.本研究探讨SWCNT对结肠癌细胞系SW480细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭能力影响,为单壁碳纳米管临床应用提供帮助.方法 低、中和高浓度SWCNT分别与结肠癌细胞系SW480共孵育.CCK-8检测SW480细胞增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡及周期变化,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力以及共聚焦显微镜(confocal laser scanning microscope,CLSM)观察SWCNT在SW480细胞内的定位;同时分析相关机制.结果 随着SWCNT浓度升高,SW480细胞存活力和细胞侵袭数量依次显著降低,高浓度SWCNT组细胞存活率[(21.43±2.44)％]和侵袭细胞数量(58.34±4.11)最低,显著低于其他组,F值分别为157.094和203.749,多组间差异分析及两两比较均为P＜0.05.随SWCNT浓度升高,SW480细胞凋亡比例依次显著升高,高浓度SWCNT组细胞凋亡率高达(74.26±6.89)％,显著高于其他组,F=115.752,多组间差异分析及两两比较均为P＜0.05.而随SWCNT浓度的升高,G1期受阻SW480细胞比例依次显著增加,高浓度组最高,F=21.293,多组间差异分析及两两比较均为P＜0.05.CLSM显示,SWCNT与SW480细胞线粒体共定位,SWCNT处理后SW480细胞线粒体出现断裂.结论 SWC-NT能够抑制SW480细胞分裂、增殖及迁移,促进细胞凋亡同时引起线粒体断裂.     

shRNA干扰CDX2基因表达对裸鼠结直肠癌肝转移瘤的影响

目的:建立人结直肠癌裸鼠肝转移瘤模型,探讨干扰尾型同源盒基因2(caudal-related homeobox 2,CDX2)基因表达对结直肠癌肝转移瘤的影响.方法:通过慢病毒载体将CDX2-shRNA体外转染人结直肠癌细胞SW480、HT29,筛选建立稳定干扰CDX2基因表达细胞株和阴性病毒细胞株;将稳定干扰CDX2基因表达的结直肠癌细胞(SW480-KD、HT29-KD)、空白对照细胞(SW480-CON、HT29-CON)和阴性对照细胞(SW480-NC、HT29-NC)接种到裸鼠脾下极包膜内,建立裸鼠结直肠癌肝转移瘤模型,每天称量裸鼠体质量并观察其摄食、活动及精神情况;50 d后处死裸鼠,分别从大体水平以及镜下观察肝转移瘤情况.结果:成功构建裸鼠结直肠癌肝转移模型,H-E染色确认为结直肠癌肝转移.各细胞干扰组(SW480-KD、HT29-KD)裸鼠体质量明显低于相应空白对照组和阴性对照组[SW480-KD:(15.02±2.00) vs (18.00±2.48)、(18.03 ±2.05) g;F=3.761,P ＜0.05;HT29-KD:(15.39 ±2.16) vs (17.96 ±2.48)、(18.30±1.87) g;F=3.721,P ＜0.05].SW480-KD组肝转移瘤数目明显多于SW480-CON组和SW480-NC组[(57.83 ±22.56)vs (29.50±16.90)、(28.20±15.40)个;F=4.197,P＜ 0.05];HT29-KD组肝转移瘤数目明显多于HT29-CON组和HT29-NC组[(56.83 ±29.16) vs (26.40±12.76)、(21.00±11.50)个;F=4.467,P＜0.05)].结论:脾注射法裸鼠肝转移模型可作为体内研究基因功能的理想模型;干扰CDX2基因表达可促进结直肠癌SW480和HT29细胞在体内的转移.     

IL-17A通过NF-κB通路介导MMP-2/9表达促进结肠癌SW480细胞迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨IL-17A对结肠癌细胞株SW480侵袭、迁移的作用及其机制.方法:体外培养结肠癌SW480细胞,分为实验组(IL-17A50 ng/ml)及对照组(空白组).通过细胞划痕实验观察细胞的迁移能力,Transwell侵袭实验检测细胞的侵袭能力,Western blotting检测细胞MMP-2/9蛋白及PI3k/AKT/NF-κB通路相关蛋白的表达水平.结果:经50 ng/ml的IL-17A处理后,(1)SW480细胞的迁移距离及穿膜细胞数目均明显增加[(2.49±0.18) vs (1.54±0.21) mm及(262.00±24.60)vs (92.00 ±31.16)个,均P＜0.05];(2) SW480细胞MMP-2/9蛋白水平明显上调[(0.41 ±0.05) vs (0.23 ±0.03)及(0.76±0.09) vs (0.25±0.04),均P＜0.05];(3) SW480细胞AKT磷酸化水平表达增加[(0.72±0.1)vs(0.28±0.04),P＜0.05],P65和P50蛋白表达水平明显升高[(0.78 ±0.10) vs (0.35 ±0.04)和(0.85±0.15) vs (0.44±0.06),均P＜0.05],而c-Rel、ReLB和P52蛋白表达无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论:IL-17A诱导结肠癌SW480细胞迁移和侵袭,其机制可能与激活PI3K/AKT/NF-κB转导通路、调节MMP-2/9蛋白表达有关.     

Vinblastine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, doxorubicin, and etoposide in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the ovary

This report presents five adolescent girls and adult women with small cell carcinoma of the ovary (SCCO) who were treated with a polychemotherapy regimen consisting of vinblastine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and etoposide (VPCBAE). Two patients had Stage IA, one Stage IIC, and two Stage IIIA disease. Initial therapy consisted of unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in two cases and total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in three cases. Three patients remained clinically free of disease after six courses of VPCBAE and the two patients who had measurable pelvic disease before the administration of chemotherapy had objective responses. Four patients died of disease from 11 to 18 months after initial laparotomy. One patient is alive and disease-free at 29 months. The VPCBAE combination appears to be effective in select cases of SCCO. A study of the efficacy of VPCBAE in a larger group of patients with SCCO seems to be indicated.     

Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus

Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5 years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus; there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.     

Social inequalities in the incidence and case fatality of cancers of the lung,the stomach,the bowels,and the breast

Objective  In order to examine health inequalities in terms of incidences and case fatalities in a German health insurance population. Lung cancer, stomach cancer, intestinal carcinoma, and breast cancer were considered. Social differentiation was depicted by income and occupational position in order to examine which one is more strongly associated with incidence and case fatality. Methods  Analyses were performed using data from a statutory health insurance (n = 170,848). Incomes were divided into quintiles, and subjects were grouped according to occupational status. Results  For lung cancer incidence a gradient between the highest and the lowest 20% of the income distribution emerged. The relative risk of the lowest category was RR = 7.03, for occupational position the figure was RR = 6.98. For stomach cancer the relative risks were RR = 5.33 for income and RR = 7.11 for occupational position. For intestinal carcinoma only income was significantly related with incidence (RR = 4.37 for the lowest 20% of the income distribution), and for breast cancer incidence no social inequalities were found. For case fatality increased relative risks emerged for lung cancer, but only for income. Conclusions  Income and occupational position were associated with cancer incidence with the exception of breast cancer. Apart from lung cancer, case fatalities were unrelated to measures of social differentiation.     

Mitomycin-C, bleomycin, vincristine, and cis-platinum in the treatment of advanced, recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix

A combination chemotherapy regimen containing mitomycin-C (10 mg/m2, day 2), vincristine (0.5 mg/m2, days 1 and 4), bleomycin (30 U QD, days 1--4 as a continuous intravenous infusion during courses one and two only), and cis-platinum (50 mg/m2, days 1 and 22) was administered every 6 weeks to 14 evaluable patients with advanced (i.e., Stage IVB) and/or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Four patients (29%) achieved a complete response, lasting 8, 9.5+, 17+, and 21+ months. Three of these patients have had complete disappearance of their pulmonary metastases and one has had resolution of a large left-sided pelvic wall mass. Two additional patients (14%) had a partial response to therapy, each lasting 1.5 months. The median survival for these 14 patients was 9.0 months. The chemotherapy regimen was well tolerated. There were no drug-related deaths and no instances of severe or irreversible renal dysfunction or peripheral neuropathy. The mean lowest white blood cell and platelet counts were 4540 and 205,000 per mm3, respectively. Although severe or life-threatening thrombocytopenia occurred in only 36% patients, it appeared to be the dose-limiting toxicity of this drug combination.