396例抗感染药物不良反应报告分析

目的:分析2006年6月至2007年6月我院收集的396例抗感染药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)报告,为提高ADR监测水平和临床合理用药提供参考.方法: 采用回顾性分类统计,对396例报告就年龄与ADR分布、给药途径、药物分类、累计器官系统、ADR严重程度进行统计分析.结果:在396例ADR报告中涉及86个药物品种,不良反应涉及机体多个系统损害,其中皮肤损害最多,有178例;新的和严重的ADR 16例,占5.30%.结论:抗感染药物不良反应的发生率与患者的年龄、给药途径、临床用药频率密切相关,对严重ADR的监测有待加强.     

200例药品不良反应报告分析

目的:分析我院药品不良反应(ADR)的发生情况,确保患者用药安全。方法:对我院2009～2011年收集到的200例ADR报告进行统计、分析。结果:200例ADR中,60岁以上患者发生率最高,占28.50%。由抗菌药物引发ADR的比例最高,占31.50%。注射给药途径是引发药品不良反应的主要途径,占90.00%。ADR的临床表现以皮疹、瘙痒等皮肤及附件损害为主,其次为全身症状及消化系统损害。结论不良反应的发生和很多因素有关,应重视医院ADR的报告及监测工作,提高合理用药水平,避免或减少药品不良反应。     

452例药品不良反应报告分析

目的:分析石河子人民医院药品不良反应(ADR)发生的相关因素,为临床合理用药提供参考依据.方法:收集2012-2013年我院上报的452例ADR报告,分别从ADR的级别、患者性别、年龄、给药途径、引发ADR的药品种类、ADR累及器官和(或)系统及临床表现、ADR转归的评价等方面进行统计、分析.结果:452例ADR报告中,新的/严重的ADR为136例(占30.09％);发生ADR患者男女性别比例无明显差异;10岁以下患者ADR发生率高于其他年龄段(242例,占53.54％);静脉给药引发的ADR为285例(占56.21％);引发ADR最常见的是化学药(354例,占75.48％);ADR的临床表现以消化系统损害为主(122例,占25.85％),其次为血液系统损害(120例,25.42％).结论:新的/严重的ADR报告在分析和评价中意义重大,加强和重视药品不良反应报告和监测工作,提高临床安全用药水平,控制药物不良反应,确保用药安全.     

138例药品不良反应报告分析

目的：了解我院药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点,促进临床合理用药。方法：对我院2007年收集的138例ADR报告分别从患者性别、年龄、给药途径、涉及药物种类以及ADR临床具体表现等方面进行统计、分析。结果：由抗菌药物导致的ADR最多,占总数的68.12%（94例）;以静脉滴注方式76.81%（106例）为主;临床表现以皮肤及附件损伤最常见,占总例数的38.41%（53例）。结论：临床应重视ADR报告和监测工作,合理使用抗菌药物,避免或减少ADR发生。     

我院902例药物不良反应报告分析

目的了解我院药品不良反应/事件（ADR/ADE）发生的情况及特征。方法对我院2006年7月~2010年12月收集上报的902例ADR/ADE报告,分别从患者性别及年龄,严重ADR的发生率,ADR/ADE累及系统-器官及主要临床表现,用药途径及诱发ADR/ADE的药品等方面进行统计分析。结果 902例ADR中,有447例（49.6%）是由抗菌药物引起的。其中阿奇霉素是引起ADR的最多的药物（占31.47%）,抗菌药物的不良反应累及最多的是皮肤。药物-药物不良反应之间的关系能确定的有79%,撤药后恢复率达到95%。结论在我院的住院患者中,抗菌药物的使用是ADR发生的最常见的诱因,应合理应用抗菌药物,注意监测严重不良反应的发生。     

临床药物不良反应231例监测统计分析

目的了解我院上报全国药品不良反应监测网络中心的报告特点,促进ADR监测工作的全面开展,提高ADR报表质量。方法对我院的231例ADR报告分别从给药途径、涉及药品种类、临床表现及报告人职业等方面进行统计分析。结果以静脉滴注给药方式引发的ADR较多（93.9%）;抗菌药物引发的ADR比例最高（42.3%）;ADR的临床表现以皮肤损害为主（50.3%）。结论抗菌药物是不良反应监测的重点,应进一步加强药品不良反应监测,确保用药安全。     

我院药品不良反应报告分析

目的：了解我院药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点与一般规律。方法：对我院2007年1月～2008年12月上报的217例ADR报告,按患者年龄、性别、给药途径、引起ADR的药品种类、涉及的ADR临床表现等进行统计、分析。结果：男性多于女性;以中年组最多。药物共涉及17类97种,抗感染药物引起的ADR比例最高69例（31．80％）,其次为抗肿瘤药物60徽（27．65％）。β-内酰胺类药物是引发ADR的主要抗感染药,其次是喹诺酮类。给药途径以静脉滴注为主,其次是口服。ADR临床表现以变态反应为主,其次是胃肠道反应。结论：应加强ADR监测工作,合理用药,降低ADR的发生率。     

我院2005～2009年药品不良反应分析

目的:了解本院药品不良反应(ADR)的发生情况。方法:对2005～2009年上报的93例ADR报表进行统计分析。结果:静脉注射给药ADR发生率明显高于口服及外用给药;抗感染药物ADR发生率最高,其次是中药类;主要不良反应类型为皮肤变态反应,消化系统反应次之。结论:要重视药品不良反应,强调合理用药,特别要注重在用药过程的ADR观察,减少药品不良反应的发生。     

623例药品不良反应/事件病例报告分析

目的:对2010年兵团623例药品不良反应病例报告进行分析。方法:运用药品不良反应监测网络管理平台,从药品不良反应/事件发生的年龄、性别、药品种类、使用药品发生的药品不良反应事件累及系统表现等方面进行回顾性分析。结果:药品不良反应报告和监测工作兵团各单位受到一定重视和普及;2010年623例药品不良反应事件病例报告共涉及药品270种。其中,化学药品的病例报告数占总报告数的85.7%,涉及223个品种,皮肤及其附件的损害占累及系统的45.2%,抗感染药物在化学药品不良反应/事件报告中占40.5%;中药病例报告数占总报告数的14.3%,涉及47个品种,其中,中药注射剂是中药不良反应/事件的主要剂型。结论:不合理用药特别是不合理联合用药和抗感染药物不合理使用,是造成药品不良反应/事件重要因素,因此要加强临床医生合理用药培训和指导。     

328例药物不良反应回顾性分析

目的研究我院药物不良反应（ADR）的相关因素,为临床合理用药提供依据.方法对我院1998年1月～2004年11月收到的328例ADR报告进行回顾性分析.结果涉及药物161种,对症处理260例,未进行特殊处理68例;痊愈283例,好转42例,死亡3例;抗感染药物引起ADR占44.13%,神经系统用药占9.46%,中药制剂占8.88%;ADR临床表现最多为皮肤及其附件损害,占55.26%.结论 ADR的发生与多种因素有关,审慎用药可降低ADR的发生.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.