急性心肌梗死avl导联ST段抬高对判断左冠状动脉阻塞部位的临床价值

目的探索avl导联ST段抬高对判断左冠状动脉阻塞位置的临床价值。方法将66例心肌梗死急性期常规心电图ST段变化与冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析,观察avl及相关导联ST段变化在左冠状动脉阻塞中的定位价值。结果发现心肌梗死急性期若ST段抬高在avl及V2-V5导联,梗死相关血管最可能是左前降支近段（第一对角支发出前;）若ST段抬高在avl及V2导联,同时V3-V5ST段处于等电位线或压低,提示梗死相关血管是第一对角支;若ST段抬高仅在avl导联,合并胸导V1-V6ST段等电位线或轻微变化（上抬或下降〈0.1mv）,提示梗死相关血管为第一钝缘支。结论通过avl导联ST段抬高并结合其他导联ST段变化可较准确地判断急性心肌梗死左冠状动脉阻塞部位。     

左回旋支的急性心肌梗死的心电图特征

目的 分析梗死相关血管为左回旋支的急性心肌梗死患者的心电图特征,探讨其在急性回旋支心肌梗死中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析梗死相关血管为左回旋支的急性心肌梗死患者的第一份急诊18导联心电图资料,总结其ST段改变的特征.结果 入选左回旋支相关的心肌梗死患者65例,其中ST段抬高型下壁及（或）后壁心梗52例.52例患者的心电图中有35例（67％）表现为ST段抬高振幅在Ⅱ＜Ⅲ导联,有17例（33％）表现为Ⅱ＞Ⅲ,10例（19％）为aVR导联ST段压低,21例（40％）有V1-V3导联ST段压低.结论 IRA为左回旋支的急性下壁及（或）后壁心肌梗死患者心电图的STⅡ〈 STⅢ较常见,aVR导联压低或V2～V3导联压低提示IRA为LCX可能性大.     

前壁急性心肌梗死并室壁瘤患者临床心电图研究

目的探讨心电图ST段抬高对前壁急性心肌梗死并室壁瘤患者的临床价值。方法选择2003年6月-2007年6月我院住院的前壁急性心肌梗死合并室壁瘤患者41例为研究组,另收集同期前壁急性心肌梗死无室壁瘤患者39例为对照组。观察2组患者第2周心电图ST段移位情况并进行比较,分析体表心电图ST段移位与室壁瘤的关系。结果室壁瘤组在V2导联ST段抬高为（0.25±0.10）mV,V1-V6导联ST段抬高总值为（0.65±0.35）mV;非室壁瘤组心电图V2导联ST段抬高为（0.15±0.10）mV,V1-V6导联ST段抬高总值为（0.35±0.25）mV,2组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论体表心电图可作为早期初步筛选诊断室壁瘤的重要检查方法。     

胸痛发作时心电图对左主干病变的诊断价值

目的探讨胸痛发作时心电图avR导联、V1导联ST段改变对诊断左主干病变的阳性预测价值。方法 61例急性冠脉综合征(ACS)组患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为A组(左主干病变导致ACS组)35例和B组(左前降支近段病变导致ACS组)26例,两组患者胸痛发作时均行十二导联心电图检查,分析冠状动脉病变血管与相应心电图变化的关系。结果 A组ST段在avR导联、V1导联均抬高,且avR导联/V1导联ST段抬高>1,发生率高于B组(P<0.05);35例左主干病变患者中24例胸痛发作时心电图表现为avR导联、V1导联ST段抬高且avR导联ST段抬高>V1导联ST段抬高,敏感性68.5%。结论胸痛发作时avR导联、V1导联等ST段抬高并ST段抬高avR导联/V1导联>1,对ACS患者左主干病变的早期诊断有预测价值。     

运动平板试验心电图的变化与冠状动脉病变部位相关性分析

目的 探讨运动平板试验心电图变化与冠状动脉病变部位的相关性,以指导临床治疗.方法 回顾性分析50例行运动平板试验及冠状动脉造影检查的冠心病患者的临床治疗,根据冠状动脉造影检查所得主要病变血管将患者分为右冠组11例、左前降支组21例及回旋支组18例,分别对三组患者运动平板试验所得结果进行分析,对比各组患者运动平板试验中ST段改变导联的差异.结果 右冠组：下壁导联（Ⅱ、Ⅲ、avF）ST段改变者明显高于其他导联ST段改变者;左前降支组：前壁导联（V4-V6）ST段改变者明显高于其他导联ST段改变者;而回旋支组各导联ST段改变者未见统计学差异.三组间比较,ST段改变导联存在统计学差异.结论 运动平板试验的心电图可对冠状动脉病变进行大致定位,临床可参考治疗.     

心电图对急性冠状动脉综合征病变部位的预测价值

目的 探讨急性冠状动脉综合征患者心电图发生ST改变的导联与冠状动脉病变部位的关系.方法 对242例急性冠状动脉综合征患者心电图ST改变与选择性冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析.结果 心电图前间壁V1-V3,前侧壁V4-V6ST改变的罪犯血管主要为左前降支(LAD),后者发生率最高(P相似文献   

急性下壁心肌梗死ST段改变与相关冠状动脉阻塞的关系

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死ST段改变与相关冠状动脉阻塞的关系。方法收集53例急性下壁心肌梗死患者，均在发病6h内做心电图，3周内做冠状动脉造影术，并对比分析心电图ST段改变与冠状动脉造影资料。结果急性心肌梗死患者中，单支病变18例，双支病变22例，多支病变13例；右冠状动脉狭窄38例（71．7％），左回旋支狭窄15例（28．3％）。ST段抬高Ⅲ〉Ⅱ，ST段压低aVL〉Ⅰ，诊断右冠状动脉阻塞的敏感性为92．1％，特异性为73．3％；反之诊断左回旋支阻塞的敏感性为73、3％，特异性为73．7％。Ⅴ3导联ST段压低与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值〉1．2，诊断左回旋支阻塞的敏感性为100．O％，特异性为86．8％。aVR导联ST段压低〈1mm，诊断右冠状动脉阻塞的敏感性为97．4％，特异性为86．7％；aVR导联ST段压低≥1mm，诊断左回旋支阻塞的敏感性为80、0％，特异性为94．7％。结论急性下壁心肌梗死ST段抬高Ⅲ〉Ⅱ，ST段压低aVL〉Ⅰ，提示右冠状动脉阻塞；反之提示左回旋支阻塞。Ⅴ3导联ST段压低与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值〉1．2，aVR导联ST段压低，提示左回旋支阻塞。故急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图ST段改变可作为区分右冠状动脉和左回旋支阻塞的可靠指标。     

急性下壁心肌梗死心电图判断右冠状动脉梗塞部位的新标准

【目的】研究基于体表心电图I、avL、V1等导联ST段变化的几个新标准诊断急性下壁心肌梗死患者右冠状动脉梗塞部位的临床应用价值。【方法】根据60名急性右冠状动脉梗塞所致下壁心肌梗死患者的心电图表现和冠状动脉造影结果，比较了3个新标准对于诊断RCA近段病变的敏感性、特异性、阴性和阳性预测值。【结果】以avL或I＋avL的ST段变化为标准来判断是否为RCA近段病变，其敏感度较高（92％和64％），但缺乏特异性，两者的阴性和阳性预测值均不高。V1导联ST段变化为标准，敏感度稍差（56％），但特异性很好（98％），其阳性（88％）及阴性预测值（75％）均较高。【结论】以V1导联sT段变化为标准来预测RCA的梗塞部位具有较高的准确性和临床应用价值。     

心电图对急性肺动脉栓塞和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死鉴别诊断的价值

目的:研究标准12导联心电图区分急性肺梗塞（APE）和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗塞（NSTEMI）的诊断价值。方法:回顾性收集2005年1月到2011年1月温州医学院附属第一医院呼吸内科和心内科共126例患者,其中42例确诊为急性肺梗塞,平均年龄61±12岁;84例确诊为非ST段抬高型心肌梗塞患者,平均年龄72±15岁,所有患者资料完整、真实。两者在年龄性别相互匹配,分析标准12导联心电图变化。结果:急性肺梗塞和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗塞两组心电图仅有部分表现为完全性右束支传导阻滞（RBBB,12%和14%）,S1S2S3或S1Q3T3(26%和15%)。而APE的T波（II、III、AVF和V1-V3）（OR 1.32（1.15-1.69））倒置明显,预测APE特异性为88%,阳性预测值为82%。NSTEMI的ST段（V5-V6）压低和T波倒置（V5、V6）(OR 1.85[1.14-3.01])明显,用来预测NSTEMI, 特异性89%,阳性预测值为50%。结论:心电图的RBBB,S1S2S3或S1Q3T3对鉴别急性肺梗塞和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗塞不能提供帮助。然而T波倒置（II、III、AVF合并V1-V3）,高度考虑APE的可能。T波倒置合并ST段压低（V5、V6）,考虑NSTEMI的可能。     

急性下壁心肌梗死ST段改变与相关冠状动脉阻塞的关系

目的 :探讨急性下壁心肌梗死时心电图ST段改变与相关冠状动脉阻塞的关系。方法 :对 4 8例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的心电图ST段改变与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析。结果 :4 2例右冠状动脉阻塞者 ,ST段抬高Ⅲ >Ⅱ ,压低aVL >Ⅰ ;6例右回旋支阻塞者 ,V4 导联ST段压低 ,与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值 >0 .5 ,ST段抬高Ⅰ >aVL ,压低Ⅱ >Ⅲ ,两组差异有显著性意义。结论 :急性下壁心肌梗死心电图ST段抬高Ⅲ >Ⅱ ,ST段压低aVL >Ⅰ ,诊断右冠状动脉阻塞具有很高的特异性和敏感性 ,V4 导联ST段压低与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值 >0 .5 ,ST段抬高I >aVL ,ST段压低Ⅱ >Ⅲ是诊断左回旋支阻塞敏感而特异的指标     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.