348例咽部异物临床治疗分析

目的探讨咽部异物的好发部位、漏诊原因和取出方法的选择。方法回顾分析348例门诊咽部异物患者的临床资料,总结分析咽异物的好发部位、漏诊原因和操作技巧,评估取出方法的优缺点。结果 348例患者确诊咽部异物334例,其中扁桃体窝及下极152例、舌根94例、咽侧壁12例、会厌谷56例、梨状窝18例、鼻咽部2例;初诊确诊289例,二次确诊45例,漏诊率为13.5%,未发现异物14例。结论咽部异物好发于口咽扁桃体窝及下极、舌根、会厌谷等处,有顺序地详细查体可减少漏诊率,纤维喉镜检查可提高确诊率,是取出咽部异物的有效治疗手段之一。     

咽喉部异物784例诊治分析

目的 探讨咽喉部异物的诊治方法,减少误诊及漏诊.方法 对784例咽部异物病例进行总结分析.结果 本组784例经诊治后症状消失者671例,而经外院或本院多次复诊后方能确诊的病例为113例,漏诊率14.4％,均无严重并发症出现.异物在扁桃体隐窝处262例,会厌谷204例,舌根172例,梨状窝63例,扁桃体与舌腭弓咽腭弓之间47例,喉咽侧壁27例,环咽隙7例,鼻咽部2例.漏诊患者扁桃体隐窝处44例,会厌谷26例,舌根21例,梨状窝10例,扁桃体与舌腭弓咽腭弓之间7例,喉咽侧壁3例,环咽隙2例,鼻咽部异物无漏诊.结论 通过详细的问诊,全面的咽部检查,多种辅助检查设备的应用可有效的诊断和治疗咽喉部异物.     

咽异物诊治的前瞻性观察

目的 观察门诊咽异物就诊者异物阳性率、漏诊率.方法 对2006年7月1日-2006年12月31日接诊的主诉咽异物患者的诊治情况进行前瞻性观察.结果 216例中检查发现并取出异物153例(70.8%),漏诊2例(0.9%);口咽常规检查及下咽间接喉镜检查发现异物148例(占异物总数96.7%),纤维喉镜检查,发现异物3例,X线及CT检查各发现1例.直接取出145例,纤维喉镜下取出6例,食道镜下取出1例,颈侧切开取出1例.结论 口咽常规检查及下咽间接喉镜检查是咽异物诊治中的主要手段,有选择地采用纤维喉镜、X线等辅助检查可降低漏诊率.     

应用视频硬管喉镜诊治咽喉异物486例临床分析

目的探讨视频硬管喉镜诊治咽喉异物的优势。方法应用视频硬管喉镜检查常规检查不能被发现或取出困难的486例咽喉异物的诊治临床资料。结果咽喉异物以鱼刺为主,共计379例,占78%;其余有瓜子壳、鸡骨等,占22%。异物存留部位以舌根和会厌谷、会厌舌面为多,各占36%和32.9%;其他部位占31%;首次就诊并发症为3.56%,复诊并发症为24.79%。结论采用视频硬管喉镜检查并取出异物,盲区小,漏诊低,处理准确快速,术后患者并发症少。     

电子鼻咽喉镜检查4325例分析

目的 阐明电子鼻咽喉镜检查的临床应用价值.方法 用日本生产的奥林巴斯ENF-T3电子鼻咽喉镜检查4325例. 结果以声嘶为主要症状者检查出喉癌者占4.2%(66/1569),以咽部异物感为主要症状者检出会厌癌、下咽癌占1.5 %(16/1058),以痰涕带血、颈部肿块者检出鼻咽癌占15.2 %(86/564).结论 电子鼻咽喉镜检查能早期发现鼻、咽、喉部癌肿,为早期治疗提供帮助.     

喉咽部异物简单取出方法

目的：探讨喉咽部异物简单取出方法的临床效果,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法回顾分析中煤矿建总医院耳鼻喉科2013年1月～2013年6月门诊诊治的180例喉咽部异物患者,应用纱布包裹拉舌,再经压舌板压舌后用枪状镊钳取异物方法的临床资料,分析异物取出术的临床治疗效果。结果180例患者中,异物位于会厌谷患者87例,取出49例,成功率为56.32%。异物位于舌根部患者81例,取出47例,成功率为58.02%。异物位于梨状窝患者12例,无1例取出。180例中91例未能取出异物的患者,均在间接喉镜下钳取或电子喉镜下成功取出。结论该异物取出方法极为简单,可作为临床上喉咽部异物患者取出的最先尝试办法。如果不能顺利取出异物,再采用间接喉镜下钳取或电子喉镜下取出异物。     

咽部鱼刺异物628例临床诊治体会

目的探讨咽部鱼刺异物的诊断和处理技巧。方法总结分析2008年6月～2011年6月3年间处理的咽部鱼刺骨628例的发病年龄与性别、发病就医时间、鱼刺长度、鱼刺骨部位、局部并发症及处理方法。结果 628例中男性占67.7%,20～50岁发病占78.2%,鱼刺长度在2cm内占71.4%,异物位于扁桃体占51.3%,其次是会厌谷占24.0%。经过各种检查未发现异物占11.1%,其中经保守处理后70.0%的患者临床症状消失。结论咽部鱼刺异物绝大部分诊断明确,处理简单,医生的经验和处理技巧是提高本病的疑难病例准确诊治率的关键。     

在取出下咽异物术中纤维喉镜的应用

20 0 0年 7月至 2 0 0 2年 3月 ,我们对门诊用间接喉镜难以取出的 2 2例下咽异物 ,于纤维喉镜直视下取出 ,疗效满意 ,报道如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　临床资料　 2 2例下咽异物中男 1 8例 ,女 4例 ,小儿 2例。异物位于会厌谷 1 1例 ,舌根与咽侧壁反折处 7例 ,肥大扁桃体下极 4例。 2 0例成人患者多体形肥胖 ,颈部粗短 ,咽部软组织拥挤 ,舌体及舌根肥大 ,舌系带过短 ,咽反射敏感。1 .2　方法　用 1 %丁麻液棉片表面麻醉一侧较宽敞的鼻腔粘膜 ;用 1 %丁卡因表面麻醉舌根及下咽部 ,将纤维喉镜(ＯｌｙｍｐｕｓＥＮＦＴ3)自麻醉过的鼻腔进入下咽 ,…     

电子喉镜下咽部异物的取出

目的：探讨电子喉镜探查在咽部异物取出的应用效果。方法利用电子喉镜选择合适异物钳对门诊急诊咽部异物以及怀疑有咽部异物患者60例进行检查并取出。结果在60例患者的咽部异物均一次性取出,其中8例因为咽部黏膜擦伤导致局部感染。异物以鱼刺和骨刺片居多,外观粗短坚硬或细如毛发,部位隐匿,停留处多为一白点或包埋于黏膜皱襞中。其中8例黏膜擦伤局部感染者给予抗感染治疗,随诊1周后,症状消失,复查创面愈合。全部病例未出现并发症。结论应用电子喉镜下检查并成功取出咽部及部分喉部异物,具有操作简单、视野清楚、安全准确、用时明显减少、适宜广大人群、患者痛苦较小、局部创伤轻等优点,值得推广应用。     

咽喉部异物263例分析

1　临床资料　 2 0 0 0 0 1/ 2 0 0 2 0 6诊治咽喉部异物患者 2 6 3(男133,女 130 )例 ,年龄 8mo～ 70 (平均 35 .3)岁 .病程 30min～ 7d ,患者均感局部疼痛或异物感 ,伴有吞咽困难 2 3例 .采用日本Olympus T3纤维喉镜及专用取异物钳及陕西联谊公司DATE98型电脑成像系统 .先在压舌板及间接喉镜下检查 ,若未发现异物或钳取异物失败后再在纤维喉镜下检查 .10g·L-1的卡因加少许肾上腺素进行鼻腔及咽部麻醉 3次 ,患者取坐位 ,纤维喉镜经鼻腔或口腔至咽喉部进行检查 ,仔细检查异物易存留的部位 ,如舌根部、会厌谷、梨状窝等 ,如发现异物 ,…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.