《中华放射医学与防护杂志》创办者之一姚家祥(1922—2021)

《中华放射医学与防护杂志》的创办者之一、中国疾控中心辐射安全所姚家祥研究员因病医治无效, 于2021年12月23日上午7点40分逝世, 享年100岁。     

儿童脉管性疾病患者介入手术后外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变观察

目的:评估儿童脉管性疾病患者在介入手术过程中接受的电离辐射(IR)对患儿染色体畸变的影响。方法:在知情同意的条件下,于介入术前和术后立刻采集26名患儿的外周血1.2 ml,培养制备染色体,分析外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变情况。结果:儿童介入术后双着丝粒染色体+着丝粒环(dic+r)率明显增加,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(...     

《中华放射医学与防护杂志》稿约

《中华放射医学与防护杂志》为中华医学会主办的放射医学与防护专业的学术期刊,读者对象为从事电离辐射生物效应、放射病的诊断与治疗、医疗照射防护、环境放射性监测、放射医学应急等科研、医疗、管理人员。本刊是中文核心期刊、中国科技核心期刊,被美国化学文摘(CA)、国际核信息系统《INIS原子索引》、俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、WHO西太平洋地区医学索引(WPRIM)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)等国内外10余个重要数据库和检索系统收录。     

《中华放射医学与防护杂志》稿约

《中华放射医学与防护杂志》为中华医学会主办的放射医学与防护专业的学术期刊,读者对象为从事电离辐射生物效应、放射病的诊断与治疗、医疗照射防护、环境放射性监测、放射医学应急等科研、医疗、管理人员。本刊是中文核心期刊、中国科技核心期刊,被Scopus、美国化学文摘(CA)、国际核信息系统《INIS原子索引》、俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、WHO西太平洋地区医学索引(WPRIM)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)等国内外10余个重要数据库和检索系统收录。2017、2019-202l年荣获“百种中国杰出学术期刊”、“中国精品科技期刊”(2014-2017年、2017-2020年、2020-2023年),入选中国科技期刊卓越行动计划(2019-2023年)。本刊设有述评、放射生物学、放射病救治、放射治疗、放射卫生、辐射剂量、影像技术、论坛、综述、消息等栏目。     

《中华放射医学与防护杂志》稿约

《中华放射医学与防护杂志》为中华医学会主办的放射医学与防护专业的学术期刊,读者对象为从事电离辐射生物效应、放射病的诊断与治疗、医疗照射防护、环境放射性监测、放射医学应急等科研、医疗、管理人员。本刊是中文核心期刊、中国科技核心期刊,被美国化学文摘(CA)、国际核信息系统《INIS原子索引》、俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、WHO西太平洋地区医学索引(WPRIM)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)等国内外10余个重要数据库和检索系统收录。     

《中华放射医学与防护杂志》稿约

《中华放射医学与防护杂志》为中华医学会主办的放射医学与防护专业的高级学术刊物 ,是中华医学会放射医学与防护学分会的会刊。本刊以本专业的科研、教学人员和临床医师及从事射线防护的专业和管理人员为主要读者对象 ,报道本专业领域国内、外科研的最新成就 ,临床诊疗经验 ,以及与此相关的基础理论研究。1 本刊欢迎论著、工作简报、病例报告、经验与教训、技术交流、讲座、综述、资料及国内外学术动态等稿件。2 文稿要求主题明确 ,具有严谨的科学性、逻辑性 ,资料真实 ,并有一定的理论和实践意义。3 稿件文字应简练、通顺、重点突出。论…     

双着丝粒染色体自动分析生物剂量估算研究

目的 基于遗传工作站,探讨建立双着丝粒染色体自动分析剂量-效应曲线,实现高通量自动化生物剂量估算。方法 使用⁶⁰Co放射源对3名健康志愿者外周血进行离体照射,常规培养、制片。使用遗传工作站进行染色体中期分裂相采集及双着丝粒自动分析,并人工确认,拟合双着丝粒染色体自动分析剂量-效应曲线。使用另一组不同剂量照射的离体外周血样本对拟合的双着丝粒染色体自动分析剂量-效应曲线进行准确性验证。结果 拟合的双着丝粒染色体自动分析剂量-效应曲线为Y=0.018 06D²+0.012 79D+0.000 489 1（R²=0.961）,该剂量-效应曲线可以准确地进行生物剂量估算,并且每例人工分析时间仅需数分钟。结论 成功地建立了新的双着丝粒染色体自动分析生物剂量估算方法,可以大量节省人工分析时间,对大规模核事故应急具有重要意义。     

不同结构类型双着丝粒体建立的剂量-效应曲线估算剂量可行性研究

目的 探讨基于不同结构类型双着丝粒体（dicentrics,dic）建立的剂量-效应曲线估算生物剂量的可行性。方法 采集两名健康人外周血样品,用0、0.5、1、2、3、4、5和6 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线（剂量率为0.27 Gy/min）离体照射人外周血,常规培养、收获和制备染色体标本,镜下分析并记录不同结构类型dic;应用CABAS软件建立dic剂量-效应曲线;并对两验证样本进行剂量估算。结果 不同结构类型dic率均随受照剂量的增加而升高（R²=0.886~0.943,P<0.01）,各剂量点经典型和单端型dic构成比之和约占所有类型dic的92%以上,而近距型dic和双端型dic分别在各照射剂量点的构成比均<4%。不同结构类型dic剂量-效应曲线的R²值均达到0.998;应用4条曲线估算的受照射剂量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经典型dic剂量-效应曲线估算较高剂量时（3.9 Gy）,相对偏差均≤13.08%。结论 基于不同结构类型dic建立的剂量-效应曲线具有估算生物剂量的可行性。     

Eye lens radiation exposure and repeated head CT scans: A problem to keep in mind

Objectives

The deterministic character of radiation-induced cataract is being called into question, raising the possibility of a risk in patients, especially children, exposed to ionizing radiation in case of repeated head CT-scans. This study aims to estimate the eye lens doses of a pediatric population exposed to repeated head CTs and to assess the feasibility of an epidemiological study.

Methods

Children treated for a cholesteatoma, who had had at least one CT-scan of the middle ear before their tenth birthday, were included. Radiation exposure has been assessed from medical records and telephone interviews.

Results

Out of the 39 subjects contacted, 32 accepted to participate. A total of 76 CT-scans were retrieved from medical records. At the time of the interview (mean age: 16 years), the mean number of CT per child was 3. Cumulative mean effective and eye lens doses were 1.7 mSv and 168 mGy, respectively.

Conclusion

A relatively high lens radiation dose was observed in children exposed to repeated CT-scans. Due to that exposure and despite the difficulties met when trying to reach patients’ families, a large scale epidemiological study should be performed in order to assess the risk of radiation-induced cataracts associated with repeated head CT.     

Increased G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity in cancer patients: the role of cdk1/cyclin-B activity level in the mechanisms involved

Purpose : To test the hypothesis that deficient DNA repair as measured by increased G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity results from up-regulation of cdk1/cyclinB and cell cycle control mechanisms during the G2 to M transition. Materials and methods : A total of 185 cancer patients and 25 normal individuals were tested for G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity. The chromatid breaks were analysed in metaphase using the G2 assay or directly in G0 and G2 phase using premature chromosome condensation (PCC). The activity of cdk1/cyclinB, a key regulator of the G2 to M-phase transition, was measured by histone H1 kinase activity and correlated with the development of chromatid breaks after irradiation of cell lines in vitro. Results : Based on the G2 assay, cancer patients on average showed increased chromosomal radiosensitivity above controls. When the analysis was carried out directly in G0 or G2 lymphocytes using PCC, no differences in the induction of chromosomal damage and its repair were observed between G2 assay-sensitive and G2-normal donors. Using the G2 assay to test G2 radiosensitivity in various cell lines, it was found that the higher the cdk1/cyclinB activity level of the cell line tested, the higher the yield of chromatid breaks scored. Furthermore, when mitotic cells from these cell lines were used for PCC induction in irradiated G2 lymphocytes it was observed that the higher the cdk1/cyclinB activity level of mitotic cells used, the higher was the induced yield of chromatid breaks. Conclusion : The cdk1/cyclin-B activity levels during the G2 to M transition impair DNA repair processes and play a major role in the yield of chromatid breaks induced after G2-irradiation. Regulation of cdk1/cyclinB complex activity rather than deficient repair enzymes of DNA damage may underlie the mechanisms of G2 radiosensitivity.     

双着丝粒染色体自动分析研究进展

双着丝粒染色体分析作为生物剂量估算的“金标准”,在大规模核辐射事件中对于快速做出临床决策至关重要。传统人工分析费时费力,通量低,且对人员的技术要求高,难以满足大规模核事故情况下大量人员剂量估算的要求。近年来,针对大规模辐射事件下受照人员高通量、快速、准确的剂量估算需求,研究者们开发了多种策略。本文介绍了双着丝粒染色体自动分析检测方法的研究进展,为国内同行开展基于双着丝粒染色体指标估算生物剂量研究提供参考。     

放射工作人员血清中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷水平研究

目的 探讨长期低剂量电离辐射对医疗机构的放射工作人员血清中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）水平的影响。方法 首先按放射工种分层,随后采用随机数表法选取307名性别、年龄匹配的放射工作人员,删去缺少剂量资料的对象后,共230例纳入本研究,包括放射诊断75例、放射治疗60例、核医学41例和介入放射学54例共4组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定其血清中8-OHdG水平。结果 放射诊断、放射治疗、核医学和介入放射学4组放射工作人员之间血清8-OHdG浓度比较,差异有统计学意义（F=9.071,P < 0.05）,其中以介入放射工作人员的血清8-OHdG浓度最高（t=-4.773、-3.011、-2.189,P < 0.05）;在不同年有效剂量组和工龄组放射工作人员的血清8-OHdG水平存在差异（F=7.659、3.058,P < 0.05）,随着受照剂量和放射工龄的增加,放射工作人员血清8-OHdG水平呈上升趋势（r=0.300、0.142,P < 0.05）。结论 血清中8-OHdG水平可能是暴露于低剂量电离辐射放射工作人员的DNA氧化损伤的潜在生物标志。     

Treatment of mice with stem bark extract of Aphanamixis polystachya reduces radiation-induced chromosome damage

Purpose: Normal tissue radiosensitivity is the major limiting factor in radiotherapy of cancer. The use of phytochemicals may reduce the adverse effects of radiation in normal tissue. The effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Aphanamixis polystachya (EAP) was investigated on the radiation-induced chromosome damage in the bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice exposed to various doses of γ-radiation.

Materials and methods: The mice were divided into two groups, one group was exposed to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Gy of γ-radiation, while another group received 7.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of EAP 1 h before exposure to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Gy of γ-radiation. Various asymmetrical chromosome aberrations were studied in the bone marrow cells of mice at 12, 24 or 48 h post-irradiation. To understand the mechanism of action of the free radical scavenging activity of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or 70 μg/ml EAP, assays were carried out in vitro.

Results: Irradiation of mice to different doses of gamma radiation caused a dose dependent elevation in the frequency of aberrant cells and chromosome aberrations like chromatid breaks, chromosome breaks, dicentrics, acentric fragments and total aberrations at all the post-irradiation times studied. The maximum asymmetrical aberrations were scored at 24 h post-irradiation except chromatid breaks that were highest at 12 h post-irradiation. A maximum number of polyploid and severely damaged cells (SDC) were recorded at 24 h post-irradiation in the SPS + irradiation group. Treatment of mice with 7.5 mg/kg BW of EAP before exposure to 1 – 5 Gy of whole body gamma-radiation significantly reduced the frequencies of aberrant cells and chromosomal aberrations like acentric fragments, chromatid and chromosome breaks, centric rings, dicentrics and total aberrations at all post-irradiation scoring times (p < 0.01). The EAP showed a concentration dependent scavenging of hydroxyl, superoxide, 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) cation radicals in vitro. EAP treatment also reduced lipid peroxidation in bone marrow cells in a concentration dependent manner.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that EAP protects mouse bone marrow cells against radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and this reduction in radiation-induced chromosome damage may be due to free radical scavenging and reduction in lipid peroxidation. The radioprotection by EAP is best comparable to that of protection demonstrated by the grape fruit flavonone, naringin, in our earlier studies in mouse bone marrow cells.     

X射线照射后小鼠血清、小肠和心脏组织中游离泛素水平的变化

目的 研究X射线照射对C57 BL/6N小鼠血清、小肠和心脏组织中游离泛素（free UB）水平的影响。方法 应用ELISA法定量检测受照小鼠血清、小肠、心脏组织匀浆中free UB的含量;Western blot法检测小鼠组织中free UB蛋白的表达;RT-PCR法检测小鼠组织中free UB编码基因UBB的mRNA水平。结果 与未照射组相比,照射后24和48 h,小鼠血清中free UB水平随照射剂量的增加而增加（F=183.1、435.3,P<0.01）;5和10 Gy照射后,血清中free UB随照射后时间的延长而增加（F=131.4、442.9,P<0.01）。与未照射组相比,10 Gy X射线照射后24 h,小肠中free UB蛋白表达水平和free UB编码基因UBB的mRNA表达水平均明显增加（t=-18.7、-10.1,P<0.01）;而心脏组织中free UB蛋白表达水平和UBB的mRNA表达水平均无明显改变（t=-2.0、3.1,P > 0.05）。结论 通过诱导辐射敏感组织小肠中free UB蛋白表达水平增加,电离辐射能够增加小鼠血清中free UB的表达量;free UB水平可能与组织的辐射敏感性和组织受损程度有关。     

The Genetic Control of Liquid-holding Recovery and U.V.-induced Repair Resistance in the Yeast,Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Liquid-holding treatment in non-nutrient solutions after U.V.-exposure results in an increased resistance of wild-type (RAD) yeast cells to a second U.V.-treatment (repair resistance).

U.V.-sensitive (rad) mutants of yeast which show variation in their response to liquid-holding treatment and a second U.V.-dose-range have been classified into two groups. Mutants of Group 1 show increased viability after post-U.V.-liquid-holding treatment and show repair resistance. In contrast, mutants of Group 2 which show reduced viability during post-U.V.-liquid-holding treatment have the same U.V.-sensitivity, both before and after liquid-holding treatment.

Genetic analysis of crosses of the rad mutants to wild-type cultures indicate that the phenotype of repair resistance to U.V.-treatment is under genetic control and depends on the presence of alleles of radiation sensitivity genes, which also confer the property of liquid-holding recovery.