Postoperative ileus after total joint arthroplasty

We evaluated the incidence and risk factors for postoperative ileus (POI) after total joint arthroplasty in a consecutive group of patients between January 2004 and December 2005 using regional anesthesia and multimodal pain management protocols. Postoperative ileus developed in 31 (0.7%) of 4567 patients. Of these patients, 21 (67.7%) were men, and 10 (32.3%) were women, with a mean age of 68 years (range, 52-91 years). The ileus was treated successfully in 29 patients during the hospitalization. One patient died from this complication, and another one required sigmoid colon resection due to perforation. The risk factors for developing POI after joint arthroplasty were older age, male sex, hip arthroplasty, and prior history of abdominal surgery. The type and dose of narcotic medications, as administered using our current protocol, did not appear to influence the development of POI.     

Ogilvie's syndrome after lower extremity arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To alert surgeons who perform arthroplasty to the possibility of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) after elective orthopedic procedures. To identify possible risk factors and emphasize the need for prompt recognition, careful monitoring and appropriate management so as to reduce morbidity and mortality. DESIGN: A case series. SETTING: A university-affiliated hospital that is a major referral centre for orthopedic surgery. PATIENTS: Four patients who had Ogilvie's syndrome after lower extremity arthroplasty. Of this group, 2 had primary hip arthroplasty, 1 had primary knee arthroplasty and 1 had revision hip arthroplasty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: In all 4 patients Ogilvie's syndrome was recognized late and required surgical intervention. Two patients died as a result of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Our case series identified increasing age, immobility and patient-controlled narcotic analgesia as potential risk factors for Ogilvie's syndrome in the postoperative orthopedic patient. Prompt recognition and early consultation with frequent clinical and radiographic monitoring are necessary to avoid colonic perforation and its significant associated death rate.     

全膝关节置换术中下肢对线方式的研究进展

膝骨关节炎已成为当今老年人常见疾病之一,目前,对于终末期膝骨关节炎,行全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是最为有效的治疗手段。在TKA中,下肢力线的有效恢复则是手术成功的关键因素之一,极大影响患者术后的临床效果及假体存活率。最早被提出、认可并被广泛应用于TKA的对线方式是机械对线。近年来,随着对下肢力线的深入研究及计算机技术的迅速发展,TKA对线技术实现了由“统一化”向“个性化”,二维向三维的转变,调整机械对线、解剖学对线、运动学对线、反向运动学对线、限制运动学对线及功能学对线等新的对线方式被相继提出,为外科医师提供了更多选择。但对于何种对线方式是最佳选择,目前尚未有定论。本文对目前TKA中各种对线方式的研究现状及优缺点进行总结阐述,旨在为临床上TKA中对线方式的选择提供一定参考。     

1例多发伤并左下肢髂动脉血栓形成的术后护理

对1例高处坠落伤致左髂动脉重度闭塞、股动脉远端闭塞、髂骨骨折、左大腿皮肤挫裂伤、心包积液及肝包膜下积液患者,行左髂动脉及左下肢动脉探查+重建术、左侧大小腿减张术、腹腔镜检查+肠穿孔修补术(回肠)+乙状结肠造口术等5次手术,患者住院62d临床基本治愈出院。护理要点包括抗凝与出血的护理、下肢骨筋膜室综合征的观察与护理、急性肾衰竭的观察与相关护理、隐匿性肠穿孔的发现与肠造瘘口的护理、营养支持等。提出对多发伤患者,首先要有全局观,认真观察追踪患者的每一个细小变化和异常情况,高度警惕隐匿性损伤,才能正确治疗患者并带给患者好的结局。     

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) after arthroplasty in the lower extremity

BACKGROUND: Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, also known as Ogilvie syndrome, is an uncommon postoperative complication of total hip and total knee arthroplasty that is characterized by massive colonic dilatation and the potential for substantial morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 1170 total hip and knee arthroplasties performed by one surgeon from 1995 to 2002, and identified eighteen patients with Ogilvie syndrome. Radiographs and medical records were analyzed for risk factors and treatment effectiveness. RESULTS: Eleven (1.6%) of 708 patients who had a total hip arthroplasty and seven (1.5%) of 462 patients who had a total knee arthroplasty had Ogilvie syndrome develop postoperatively. Seventeen of these patients had preoperative conditions and/or had received medications identified as risk factors for Ogilvie syndrome. The use of patient-controlled analgesia was associated with an earlier development of symptoms. Colonic decompression was performed in seven patients and was associated with a significantly shorter hospital stay (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction was equally prevalent after total hip and total knee arthroplasties. Most patients who had Ogilvie syndrome had risk factors that could be identified preoperatively. Knowledge of these risk factors can enable the physician to anticipate which patients may have Ogilvie syndrome develop and, therefore, to be vigilant for its development and judicious in the use of patient-controlled analgesia. We also found that decompressive colonoscopy reduced the risk of perforation and decreased the length of hospitalization for the patients in whom Ogilvie syndrome developed.     

Postoperative mortality after nontraumatic lower extremity amputation in patients with renal insufficiency

Mortality rates after lower extremity amputation are extremely high among dialysis patients. However, the impact of milder degrees of renal insufficiency on death rates after lower extremity amputation has not been carefully examined. In this study, the authors used data from the Department of Veterans Affairs' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) to measure the association between renal dysfunction and 30-d mortality after nontraumatic amputation adjusted for confounders. The study population consisted of 16,994 patients undergoing their first NSQIP recorded amputation from January 1, 1994 through September 30, 2001. Thirty-five percent of all cohort patients had at least moderate renal insufficiency, and 52% of all postoperative deaths occurred in this group. Postoperative mortality was 9% in patients with moderate renal insufficiency, 15% in patients with severe renal insufficiency, and 16% in dialysis patients, compared with 6% in patients with normal or mildly reduced renal function. Renal insufficiency remained associated with death after adjustment for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.75 to 4.10 [dialysis patients]; OR 2.54, CI 2.06 to 3.14 [severe renal insufficiency]; and OR 1.52, CI 1.32 to 1.76 [moderate renal insufficiency]). In conclusion, even moderate renal insufficiency is independently associated with postoperative death after lower extremity amputation. This finding highlights the need for a targeted approach to improving the care of patients with renal insufficiency undergoing lower extremity amputation.     

髋关节置换术后下肢静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

目的分析老年股骨颈骨折患者行髋关节置换术(THA)后发生下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的危险因素。 方法分析2017年7月至2019年5月在海南省文昌市人民医院行THA的病例资料。纳入标准：年龄≥ 60岁;脆性骨折;单侧股骨颈骨折;配合功能锻炼,且随访不少于6个月。排除标准：术前1周使用抗凝药物;既往术后感染;合并严重心、肝、肾功能障碍,恶性肿瘤者;患有凝血功能障碍、类风湿、心肌梗死等疾病;既往患有弥散性血管内凝血、血栓疾病史;精神障碍等。根据THA术后30 d内是否并发DVT,将患者分为血栓组和非血栓组。分析2组患者年龄、性别、手术与受伤间隔时间、身体质量指数(BMI)、麻醉方式、术中出血量、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)变化、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)变化、血浆纤维蛋白原(FG)变化、血浆D-二聚体(DD)变化情况水平,采用多因素logistic回归分析下肢静脉血栓发生的相关因素影响因素。 结果根据纳入、排除标准,共69例患者被纳入本研究,血栓组14例、非血栓组55例。2组患者的年龄(t＝-1.439)、性别构成(P＝0.496)、手术与受伤间隔时间(P＝0.698)、BMI(Z＝-1.806)、术前的凝血指标(APTT：Z＝-1.728,PT：t＝-1.594,FG：Z＝-1.081),DD：Z＝-1.806)相比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者的麻醉方法(P＝0.278)、术中出血量(Z＝-0.481)、术后2 d APTT变化水平(Z＝-1.179)、术后2 d PT变化水平(Z＝-1.129)等指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),血栓组的术后2 d FG变化(Z＝-5.663)、DD变化(Z＝-5.745)明显高于非血栓组,且手术耗时(Z＝-4.377)比非血栓组更久(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：手术耗时延长、术后2 d FG升高、术后2 d DD升高均为股骨颈骨折THA术后DVT发生的独立危险因素(OR＝4.137、10.105、16.794,均为P<0.05)。 结论THA手术耗时长、术后2 d的FG变化水平、DD变化水平高,发生DVT的可能性高,需引起警惕。据此可对患者采取针对性治疗方法,减少DVT的发生,改善患者预后。     

History and lower extremity physical examination of the pediatric patient

The pediatric foot and ankle examination is a specialized yet important skill for the modern podiatric medical practitioner. An organized and sequential history and physical examination yields a thorough database of information for which to establish a successful treatment regimen.     

骨折术后并发脑脂肪栓塞综合征2例

例1，男，62岁，因车祸2h后入院，患者神志清、生命体征稳定，右股骨中段及右小腿中段肿胀，X线片示右股骨干中段骨折，右胫腓骨中下1／3处粉碎性骨折。入院后急诊行切开复位钢板内固定，术后4h患者突然出现神志不清，呼吸急促，T38．8℃，P130次／分，R32次／分，BP120／85mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)，双侧瞳孔缩小至1．5mm，眼底可见