胰腺癌放射治疗进展

胰腺癌的治疗目前仍以手术治疗为主。随着治疗技术的改进 ,手术治疗疗效也有所提高 ,但胰腺癌根治性切除术后中位生存期仍在 1 0～ 1 9个月 ,5年生存率仅 1 2 %～ 2 4 %。姑息手术的预后更差 ,平均生存期仅 5～ 7个月。据文献报道 ,胰腺癌病人求诊时 ,50 %病人已有转移病变 ,2 0 %～ 30 %因局部病变晚期不能手术 ,只有 1 0 %～ 2 0 %病人的肿瘤可切除。手术能根治的病人很少。近年来 ,在胰腺癌治疗中放射治疗的应用逐渐增多 ,已成为主要的治疗手段之一 ,但它的作用主要是辅助性或姑息性的。1　辅助性放疗和化疗1 .1　术后放疗和化疗　根治性…     

胰腺癌术中放射治疗的价值

目的：回顾总结诸多放射治疗方式对胰腺癌治疗的价值。方法：1986－1999年间收治的无法手术切除的晚期胰腺癌患者68例，伴有严理和中度腹背痛的65例作为研究对象，其中无腹背痛的3例除外，单纯接受术中放射治疗25例，术中放射治疗加体外放射治疗20例，单纯体外放射治疗20例，另外单纯手术治疗胰腺癌30例作对照。结果：（1）单纯术中放射治疗组患者背痛和腹痛的完全缓解率为47％，部分缓解率为34％，总疼痛缓解率为81％，术后2周内见效，中位生存期为5．9个月（从治疗开始计算）。（2）术中放射治疗加体外放射治疗组患者背痛和腹痛的缓解率同单纯疗后4周左右见效，中位生存期是4．5个月。（4）单纯手术治疗组中位生期7个月。结论：术中放射治疗加体外放射治疗能明显延长晚期胰腺癌患者的生存期，而且能明显缓解患者的疼痛，见效快，提高了患者的生活质量。     

23例晚期胰腺癌三维适形放疗的疗效评价

目的:探讨三维适形放射治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效.方法:23例晚期胰腺癌患者采用三维适形放射治疗,总量DT 60Gy～66Gy,分30次～33次,6周～7周内完成.结果:23例患者经放疗后1个月～3个月,经CT、MRI复查肿瘤局部缓解率(CR+PR)为:69.5%(16/23).其中1例完全缓解,15例部分缓解.疼痛控制率(CR+PR)为:83%(19/23).1、2年生成率分别为:56.5%(13/23)、17%(3/23)中位生存期12.5个月.放疗副反应可以耐受.结论:三维适形放疗是晚期胰腺癌治疗的一种安全有效的姑息治疗手段.     

晚期肺癌化放综合治疗的临床疗效观察

目的　探讨晚期肺癌化放综合治疗的疗效。方法　 1992年 1月至 1994年 12月收治 5 2例晚期肺癌 ,化疗 2～ 4周期后行放疗 ,放疗以6 0 Co γ线照射 ,DT5 5～ 70Gy/5 .5～ 7周。结果　完全缓解(CR)率 13 .5 % ,部分缓解 (PR)率 5 1.9% ,总有效 (CR +PR)率 6 5 .4% ,中位生存期 15 .3月。结论　晚期肺癌采用化放综合治疗疗效较满意     

晚期胰腺癌动脉灌注化疗结合三维适形放疗的疗效分析

目的 :观察手术不能切除的晚期胰腺癌动脉灌注化疗结合三维适形放疗的疗效。方法 :对 4 7例晚期胰腺癌患者先给予动脉灌注健择 180 0mg、5 FU 10 0 0mg ,1周后给予三维适形放疗DT30～ 5 0Gy 10～ 2 5F。结果 :全组患者有效率 (CR +PR)为 4 8% ,临床症状缓解率为 82 % ,中位生存期 10 2个月。结论 :动脉灌注化疗结合三维适形放疗是治疗晚期胰腺癌的一个安全有效的方法     

术中放疗联合区域动脉灌注治疗局部晚期胰腺癌

目的 :评价术中放疗联合区域动脉灌注治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的效果。方法 :17例局部晚期胰腺癌减黄手术时行术中放疗(IORT) ,胃网膜右动脉插管行 5 -氟尿嘧啶( 5 FU ) 表阿霉素 (EPI) 丝裂霉素(MMC)方案的区域灌注化疗 ,其中 6例术后行外照射放疗。结果 :疼痛缓解率70 5 9% ( 12 / 17) ,临床受益指数 3 5 2 9%( 6/ 17) ,局部病灶部分缓解 2 3 5 3 % ( 4 / 17)。中位生存 11个月 ,1年生存率 3 5 2 9%( 6/ 17)。结论 :IORT结合区域动脉灌注化疗毒副作用轻微 ,可明显提高临床受益率 ,延长生存期     

华蟾素联合药物灌注治疗晚期胆管癌19例疗效分析

目的　观察华蟾素联合化疗药物灌注治疗晚期胆管癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法　于姑息性手术切除术中胆道内置T型引流管 ,术后次日起每日经引流管注入氟尿嘧啶 (5 -FU) 5 0 0mg、丝裂霉素(MMC) 2mg ,连用 5天 ,间隔 14天进行第 2周期灌注 ,连续 3周期 ;同时每日静脉点滴华蟾素 2 0ml,连用 2 1天为 1周期 ,共用 3周期。每周期复查血常规及肝肾功能 ,全程治疗结束后 2月评价近期疗效 ,并对全部病例随访生存期。结果　CR为 0 ,PR36 8% ,总有效率 36 8% ;AST、ALT、ALP、TBIL、DBIL及AFP、CEA治疗后均比治疗前明显下降 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ;黄疸消退率 6 8 4 % ,腹痛缓解率 78 9% ,恶心呕吐缓解率 73 7% ,食欲改善率 6 8 4 % ;中位生存期 15 8个月 ;不良反应轻度。结论　“姑息性切除术 +引流管化疗药物灌注+静脉点滴华蟾素”是晚期胆管癌较理想的综合治疗方案 ,可提高生活质量 ,延长生存期 ,不良反应小 ,一般患者均能耐受     

23例晚期胰腺癌三维适形放疗的疗效评价

目的:探讨三维适形放射治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效。方法:23例晚期胰腺癌患者采用三维适形放射治疗,总量DT 60Gy-66Gy,分30次-33次,6周-7周内完成。结果:23例患者经放疗后1个月-3个月,经CT、 MRI复查肿瘤局部缓解率(CR PR)为:69．5％(16/23)。其中1例完全缓解,15例部分缓解。疼痛控制率(CR PR)为:83％(19/23)。1、2年生成率分别为:56．5％(13/23)、17％(3/23)中位生存期12．5个月。放疗副反应可以耐受。结论:三维适形放疗是晚期胰腺癌治疗的一种安全有效的姑息治疗手段。     

三维适形放射治疗胰腺癌20例疗效分析

目的 探讨三维适形放射治疗胰腺癌的疗效。方法 20例胰腺癌患者全部采用三维适形放疗，共5次-10次，每次1d-2d，总剂量为40Gy-50Gy。设5个-7个照射野，观察肿瘤局部缓解率及总的1年、2年生存率。结果 20例患者经治疗后1个月，CT、MRI复查肿瘤局部缓解率为60％(12／20)，其中3例完全缓解(CR)，9例部分缓解(PR)，7例稳定(NC)，1例进展(PD)。6个月后复查结果CR．4例，PR10例，NC5例，PD1例，CR PR率为70％。采用寿命表法统计生存率，总的1年、2年生存率分别为57％，21％，中住生存期为12.2个月。结论 三维适形放疗对胰腺癌有较好的疗效，更远期疗效有待进一步提高。     

65例胰腺癌放射治疗的观察及护理

胰腺癌是一种难以治愈的消化系统肿瘤 ,因解剖部位特殊 ,所以早期病例很难发现 ,就诊患者中多为中晚期 ,大部分病人失去了根治性或姑息性手术的机会 ,化疗不能获得明显的缓解 ,放射治疗是目前临床上最常用的治疗手段 ,我科自 1997年 3月至今共收治胰腺癌患者 65例。均取得了较满意的临床效果 ,现报道如下。1　临床资料65例中男 5 4例 ,女 11例 ,年龄 45～ 71岁 ,中位年龄 5 9岁 ,其中根治性手术加放疗者 2例 ,姑息性手术加放疗者 2 1例 ,单纯放疗 42例。2　放疗的剂量及照射野对于病期已有远处转移且局部疼痛较重者多采用姑息性放疗 ,给予前…     

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) for locally unresectable pancreatic cancer

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of IORT for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer, 11 patients treated with IORT and 15 patients treated with palliative therapy only were retrospectively examined. The mean age of the IORT group was 61.9 years, 5 cases were classified into surgical stage IVa, and 6 into stage IVb. The mean age of the palliative therapy group was 69.1 years; 5 cases were classified into surgical stage IVa and 10 into stage IVb. The tumor size was measured in 6 cases in the IORT group, before and after IORT. The tumor was enlarged in 1 case, not changed in 4 cases, and reduced in 1 case. The serum CA19-9 level was measured in 8 cases of the IORT group. Serum CA19-9 was increased in 3 cases, not changed in 4 cases, and decreased in 1 case after IORT. ECOG pain scores were obtained in 9 patients who had complained of pain before IORT, and the score decreased in 7 cases. The median survival was 7.6 months in the IORT group and 3.0 months in the palliative therapy group. IORT may improve patients' QOL by decreasing their pain. However, further studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of IORT for survival of locally unresectable pancreatic cancer patients, because the patient profile in this study was different in the two groups.     

Intraoperative radiation-therapy combined with hyperthermia for pancreatic-carcinoma

Seventeen patients with pancreatic carcinoma were treated with intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) combined with hyperthermia. Their treatment results were compared with those of 56 patients treated with the IORT alone (control group). The pain relief rate and the local tumor control rate of the hyperthermia group were slightly better than the control group. The survival rate of all patients was 13.7% at one year, 1.4% at two years (median, 5.0 months). The survival of the hyperthermia group was marginally better than that of the control group. Only 29% of the patients of the hyperthermia group was successfully heated, and if hyperthermia were given successfully to all patients, their prognoses would have been possibly improved.     

Intraoperative and conformal external-beam radiation therapy with protracted 5-fluorouracil infusion in patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy is widely used for patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy and feasibility of chemoradiotherapy with more intensive radiotherapy in these patients, using a combination of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), conformal external-beam radiaotherapy (EBRT), and protracted 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS: Thirty patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma were enrolled in this Phase II study. The treatment consisted of IORT (25 grays [Gy]), followed by EBRT (40 Gy in 20 fractions, 5 times per week), and concurrent protracted 5-FU infusion (200 mg/m(2)), beginning 2-4 weeks after IORT. The authors evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects of this treatment by following up patients for 12.0-28.1 months. Survival from the date of IORT was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: In 11 of the 30 patients, metastatic spread was detected in the abdominal cavity at laparotomy. The full EBRT dose was administered in 28 of the 30 patients. Of the remaining 2 patients, EBRT was terminated at 8 Gy due to progression of brain metastasis and another patient did not receive EBRT or chemotherapy due to massive ascites after IORT. The overall response rate for primary pancreatic tumor on dynamic computed tomography scan was 23.3% (7 partial responses). Grade 3 or 4 toxicity (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria) was observed in 15 of the 28 patients who received the full irradiation dose (53.6%). These included anorexia, nausea, emesis, fatigue, leukopenia, and/or elevation of transaminase levels. There were no directly treatment-related deaths, but 1 patient died of hepatic failure related to late effects of irradiation after 25.6 months. The median survival time of the 30 patients was 7.8 months and the 2-year survival rate was 8.1%. The median survival time of the 19 patients without metastatic spread in the abdominal cavity was 12.9 months and that of the 11 patients with metastatic spread was 5.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: The present regimen of chemoradiotherapy is not superior to conventional chemoradiotherapy (EBRT and 5-FU) for patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma.     

术中放疗联合区域动脉灌注治疗晚期胰腺癌

目的 评价术中放疗联合区域动脉灌注治疗晚期胰腺癌的效果。方法 17例晚期胰腺癌减黄手术时行IORT，胃网膜右动脉插管采用5—氟尿嘧啶(5—FU) 表阿霉素(E—ADM) 丝裂霉素(MMC)方案行区域灌注化疗，其中6例术后行外照射放疗。结果 疼痛缓解率70．59％(12／17)，临床受益指数35．29％(6／17)，局部病灶部分缓解23．53％(4／17)。中位生存11个月，1年生存率35．29％(6／17)。结论 IORT结合区域动脉灌注化疗毒副作用轻微，可明显提高临床受益率，延长生存期。     

立体定向放射治疗联合吉西他滨治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床效果观察

目的 观察失去手术机会的晚期胰腺癌患者立体定向放射治疗（SRT）联合吉西他滨治疗的临床效果.方法 对24例晚期胰腺癌患者进行了6 MV-X线的SRT联合吉西他滨治疗,利用体部立体定向框架及热塑料体模固定,CT扫描后将图像输入到治疗计划系统中,根据肿瘤靶区、敏感器官和移动误差勾画大体肿瘤靶体积（GTV）、临床靶体积（CTV）、计划靶体积（PTV）,结合剂量-体积直方图（DVH）选择最佳治疗方案,应用5～7个非共面野照射,≥95％等剂量线包绕PTV,并以此为处方线,常规分割,每周5次,每次1.8～2.0 Gy,总剂量（DT） 50～60 Gy.放疗中的第1、2周静脉滴注吉西他滨1 000 mg/m2,每周1次,休息1周后,第4、5周重复.结果 在放、化疗中50.0％（12/24）患者出现轻度恶心,41.7％（10/24）患者出现1～2级白细胞或血小板减少,对症处理后均能耐受.治疗后1～3个月,83.3％（20/24）患者食欲改善;6例黄疸患者全部退黄;腹痛缓解者占87.5％（21/24）,其中3例患者疼痛基本消失.局部肿瘤完全消退者占16.7％（4/24）,部分消退者占66.7％（16/24）,总有效率为83.4％（20/24）.1年生存率为70.8％（17/24）;7例患者因恶病质、肠梗阻或出血于1年内死亡;无生存2年以上者.结论 SRT联合吉西他滨能使失去手术机会的晚期胰腺癌患者症状减轻,生活质量改善和生存期延长,尤其对年老、体弱患者,更适宜选择该方案治疗.     

Chemoradiation therapy for stage IV pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. It frequently presents with locally advanced and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Favorable results were obtained by performing intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and chemotherapy (administration of GEM) for the treatment of inoperable pancreatic cancer. A study was conducted on its efficacy as an adjuvant therapy for inoperable and advanced pancreatic cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between May 1998 and December 2002, 40 patients with stage IV pancreatic cancer were treated at our institution. The study comprised background factors, adjuvant therapy and survival rate. RESULTS: According to the treatment modality, the study population was classified into four groups: group A, consisting of 3 patients with localized unresectable tumors who had been treated with IORT: group B, 5 patients who underwent curative resection of primary tumor combined with IORT: group C, 6 patients who were administered GEM combined with IORT: group D, 26 patients not falling into groups A, B or C. The mean survival for group A, B, C and D was 10.3 months, 6.7 months, 16.8 months and 9.4 months, respectively. The 1-year survival rates were 0%, 0%, 80.0% and 19.3%, respectively. The mean survival and the 1-year survival rate were significantly better in group C than in the other groups. In group C, the tumor decreased in size, invasion of large vessels and pancreatic posterior evolution was suppressed, and 4 patients survived for 17 months or more. CONCLUSIONS: Prolongation of the survival period was shown by concomitant IORT and administration of GEM for inoperable advanced pancreatic cancer. Thus, attempting to combine chemotherapy with IORT and giving additional consideration to the administration method was shown to provide adjuvant therapy that can be expected to be effective against stage IV inoperable pancreatic cancer.     

Treatment of metastatic gastric carcinoma with a modified FAMTX chemotherapy regimen

Fifty patients with locally far advanced or metastasizing gastric carcinoma were treated with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and methotrexate using a slightly modified FAMTX protocol. Complete remission was achieved in four (8%) patients, confirmed operatively, partial remission in 13 (26%) patients, two of these going into complete remission after operative removal of residual tumor. Median duration of remission for the six patients in complete remission was 21 months, for those in partial remission five months. Median survival for all 50 patients was seven months, for those in complete and partial remission 12 months, and for those without remission four months. These results indicate the possibility of a further improvement of treatment results in patients with metastasizing gastric carcinoma using this protocol of combined operation and chemotherapy.     

甲磺酸阿帕替尼片用于标准治疗失败后卵巢癌治疗的有效性和安全性

目的:观察甲磺酸阿帕替尼用于标准治疗失败后卵巢癌的有效性和安全性，为多线耐药的卵巢癌患者提供一种治疗方式。方法:选取2015年6月至2018年3月二线及二线后化疗失败的晚期卵巢癌患者26例，口服甲磺酸阿帕替尼后观察疗效及毒副反应。结果:1例患者CR，17例患者PR,2例患者SD,6例患者PD，客观有效率69%，疾病控制率77%，中位PFS达4.3个月。患者总体耐受性良好，常见的不良反应为1-3级的胃肠道反应，包括腹痛、恶心及呕吐，其中以腹痛最为常见。结论:对于经标准治疗失败后的晚期卵巢癌患者，阿帕替尼具有良好的疗效和安全性。