大动脉病变的外科手术治疗

目的　探讨大动脉病变的手术治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 86例大动脉病变外科手术治疗的临床资料。其中胸腹主动脉瘤 3例 ;降主动脉夹层破裂并巨大假性动脉瘤形成椎骨破损 2例 ;腹主动脉局限性夹层破裂并假性动脉瘤形成 2例 ;腹主动脉瘤十二指肠空肠曲瘘并消化道大出血 1例 ;腹主动脉瘤破裂并休克 5例 ,腹主动脉外伤后破裂 3例 ;腹主动脉瘤和 /或并单或双侧髂动脉瘤2 1例 ;髂动脉瘤 6例 ;股动脉瘤 9例 ;髂或股动脉假性动脉瘤 2 1例 ;右锁骨下动脉和椎动脉起始部破裂并巨大假性动脉瘤形成 1例 ;左或右锁骨下动脉破裂并假性动脉瘤形成 3例 ;颈动脉瘤 2例 ,颈动脉假性动脉瘤 7例。行人工血管置换治疗 71例 ,自体静脉修补 3例 ,动脉破口修补术 12例。结果　术中及术后 3 0d死亡率为 3 .5 % ( 3 /86)。随访 73例 ,随访时间 1个月至 5年 ,除 1例腹主动脉瘤十二指肠瘘患者已死亡外 ,余均生存良好。结论　大动脉病变的外科手术治疗仍然是一种十分有效和经济实用的方法 ,在技巧等方面的改进有利于提高手术的成功率     

腹主动脉瘤合并髂动静脉瘘1例MDT讨论

目的总结探讨1例腹主动脉瘤合并髂动静脉瘘患者的诊断过程及治疗经验。方法回顾性分析南充市中心医院于2019年12月收治并在术前进行MDT讨论的1例累及髂动脉的腹主动脉瘤合并左髂动静脉瘘的病例资料,对患者的诊疗经过及MDT讨论结果进行总结。结果该患者的临床表现为难治性心功能衰竭,收治于南充市中心医院心内科,后行CT血管造影(CTA)后诊断为累及髂动脉的腹主动脉瘤合并左髂动静脉瘘,经MDT讨论后行腹主动脉腔内覆膜支架隔绝术(EVAR),术后造影显示腹主动脉瘤瘤腔及左髂动静脉瘘瘘口完全封闭,术后患者心功能衰竭症状迅速缓解。整个手术顺利,手术用时约120 min,术中出血量约100 mL。术后第7天患者出院。术后3个月复查CTA及彩超,见支架内血流通畅,未见内漏,左髂动脉假性动脉瘤消失。继续随访。结论对于难治性心功能衰竭患者,如果合并下肢肿胀时,要考虑到大血管动静脉瘘可能,应全面收集病史和查体,及时进行必要的检查,避免造成漏诊或误诊。同时,与传统外科手术对比,EVAR是腹主动脉瘤合并髂动静脉瘘的一种可靠、微创及安全的治疗手段。     

带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤

目的探讨带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝技术在腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析2011年6月～2012年6月我院收治的10例腹主动脉瘤合并双髂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。患者均于术前行CT血管造影(CTA)检查,腹主动脉瘤均为肾下型;髂动脉瘤仅累及髂总动脉8例,累及髂内动脉开口处2例。手术先置入带髂内分支的髂动脉带膜支架,再置入腹主动脉瘤的分叉型带膜支架。结果患者均一次手术成功,无死亡。9例患者获得随访,随访时间3～6个月,患者腹部搏动性肿块均消失,均未出现臀部、骶尾部坏死,无明显性功能障碍,1例出现臀部的轻度间歇性跛行。8例术后3个月行腹主、双髂动脉彩超检查,未见明显内瘘,移植的髂内分支支架血流通畅。3例术后6个月行腹主、双髂动脉CTA检查,未见Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型内瘘,髂内分支支架内血流通畅。结论带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝技术在腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤的治疗中是安全、有效的;可以有效地保留一侧髂内动脉,减少或避免因髂内动脉封闭而带来的并发症。     

原发性腹主动脉瘤肠瘘(1例报道并文献

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤肠瘘的诊断和治疗.方法报告1例腹主动脉瘤肠瘘的诊治经过,并复习有关文献.[HTH结果本例为50岁女性患者,因腹痛2个月,外院剖腹探查发现腹主动脉瘤5d入院.术后13d突然发作上腹部剧痛,伴休克及上消化道大出血,疑诊为腹主动脉瘤肠瘘.急诊手术发现腹主动脉瘤近端空肠瘘,行腹主动脉瘤切除"人"形人造血管置换,十二指肠第4段及空肠上段切除,空肠-十二指肠降段侧侧吻合术.术后双下肢足背动脉搏动良好;唯持续高热,经抗生素治疗痊愈出院.结论该病罕见,死亡率可达30%以上.及时诊断和治疗是提高本病生存实墓丶由于腹主动脉与肠道相通,术后易发生败血症及腹膜后感染,故使用强有力的抗菌素治疗十分必要.     

原发性腹主动脉瘤肠瘘（1例报道并文献复习）

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤肠瘘的诊断和治疗。方法 报告1例腹主动脉瘤肠瘘的诊治经过，并复习有关文献。结果 本例为50岁女性患者，因腹痛2个月，外院剖腹探查发现腹主动脉瘤5d入院。术后13d突然发作上腹部剧痛，伴休克及上消化道大出血，疑诊为腹主动脉瘤肠瘘。急诊手术发现腹主动脉瘤近端空肠兼，行腹主动脉瘤切除“人”形人造血管置换，十二指肠第4段及空肠上段切除，空肠－十二指肠降段侧侧吻合术。术后双下肢足背动脉搏动良好；唯持续高热，经抗生素治疗痊愈出院。结论 该病罕见，死亡率可达30％以上。及时诊断和治疗是提高本病生存率的关键。由于腹主动脉与肠道相通，术后易发生败血症及腹膜后感染，故使用强有力的抗菌素治疗十分必要。     

腹主动脉瘤破裂并发主动脉-下腔静脉瘘术后妊娠的处理(附一例报告)

腹主动脉瘤破裂并发主动脉-下腔静脉瘘发生率约占腹主动脉瘤手术的1%。我们于1984年6月为一女性青年作动静脉瘘口修补,在腹主动脉瘤近、远端分别切断腹主动脉和双侧髂总动脉,切开瘤后壁,在瘤腔内作真丝人造血管移植术,恢复腹主动脉到两侧髂总动脉血流。术后于1985年10月结婚,婚后数月妊娠。在妊娠初4个月,自觉良好,能从事轻体力劳动。但5个月后,自感下肢行走乏力,工作疲倦。在本院产科检查:腹部膨隆,     

少见原因的上消化道大出血三例

例 1　男 ,3 1岁。因间断呕血、黑便 2 0ｄ入院。入院第2天因出血性休克行急症手术。术中见“十二指肠球部出血点” ,行毕Ⅱ式胃大部切除术。术后 2个月内发生 4次消化道出血 ,第 5次出血时在本院行动脉造影发现腹主动脉瘤 ,造影剂通过动脉瘤进入小肠 ,诊断为腹主动脉瘤消化道瘘。即行手术治疗 ,术中见一腹主动脉瘤 5ｃｍ× 5ｃｍ× 6ｃｍ ,与十二指肠升部粘连 ,周围纤维组织增生。切开与瘤体粘连的十二指肠 ,保留部分肠壁于瘤体 ,见瘘口直径 0 2ｃｍ ,瘤内充满陈旧血栓。剥除肠粘膜 ,缝合修补瘘口止血。腹主动脉瘤待后期处理。例 2　男 ,6…     

腹主动脉瘤并下腔静脉瘘（1例报告并文献复习）

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤并下腔静脉瘘的诊断与治疗方法。方法 对1例因腹主动脉瘤并下腔静脉瘘的临床资料结合文献进行回顾性分析。结果 本例为65岁的男性患者,予以施行下腔静脉瘘修补、腹主动脉瘤切除、人工血管腹主动脉、双侧股总动脉移植术术毕,患者腹壁怒张血管消失;术后第4d,患者双下肢、臀部、阴囊水肿消退,下肢血运良好;术后17d痊愈出院。结论 CT增强扫描对腹主动脉瘤并下腔静脉瘘有较高的诊断价值。由于腹主动脉瘤破裂可引起致死性的大出血,因此,腹主动脉瘤一经诊断,如无特殊情况,应及时施行手术或介入治疗。     

主动脉疾患误诊为下肢动脉血栓栓塞九例分析

目的 分析主动脉疾患误诊为下肢动脉血栓栓塞的原因,总结经验教训.方法 回顾性分析9例主动脉疾患误诊病例的临床表现、误诊误治情况及确诊方法.结果 9例均初诊为下肢动脉血栓栓塞.其中3例急诊行Fogarty导管取栓术,术后通过三维CT血管造影(3-dimensional CT angiography,3DCTA)检查明确诊断;另6例于术前行3DCTA而确诊为主动脉疾患.本组中5例为主动脉夹层累及髂股动脉,其中1例主动脉夹层患者放弃治疗后1 d死亡;另1例主动脉夹层患者拒绝治疗,离院后失访;3例成功施行腔内修复术.1例为腹主动脉瘤腔内附壁血栓脱落,施行动脉瘤切除术.其余3例为Leriehe综合征合并急性主动脉末端血栓形成,施行主髂动脉旁路术.本组无围手术期死亡,治疗后患肢缺血均改善.结论 主动脉疾患也可引起急性下肢缺血,易被误诊为肢体动脉血栓栓塞,影像学检查能够确立正确诊断.     

继发性腹主动脉瘤肠瘘的诊治分析

目的总结继发性腹主动脉瘤肠瘘的诊治经验,提高治疗效果。 方法回顾性分析本院2000年1月至2014年12月接诊的6例腹主动脉瘤开放及腔内修复术后继发肠瘘患者的资料。2例初次手术方式为腹主动脉瘤切除+人工血管置换,4例为腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术。本次均以反复发热就诊,发热距初次手术中位时间11个月（1~27个月）,2例伴有"预兆性消化道出血"。再次手术前确诊3例,其中2例放弃治疗。4例患者经充分准备后施行腋动脉-双侧股动脉人工血管旁路、移植物取出及肠修补,其中1例伴有主动脉膀胱瘘的患者同时行膀胱修补。 结果肠瘘位于十二指肠水平段2例,空肠上中段4例。4例接受再次手术的患者均痊愈出院,随访3~48个月,1例人工血管旁路闭塞但无下肢严重缺血,无其他严重并发症。 结论继发性腹主动脉瘤肠瘘是腹主动脉瘤术后罕见的严重并发症,经充分的抗炎准备后建立解剖外旁路并及时移除植入物是有效的治疗手段。     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.