皮炎湿疹类皮肤病201例斑贴试验结果分析

目的探讨皮炎湿疹类皮肤病患者的变应原,以期更好地诊断与治疗。方法对201例皮炎湿疹类患者进行瑞敏标准变应原系列斑贴试验检测。结果201例患者斑贴试验总阳性率77.6%,变应原阳性率位居前8位的分别是硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、氯化钴、芳香混合物、N-环己基硫酞内酯、夸特15、卡巴混合物、对苯类。男女性患者斑贴试验阳性率差异有显著性的变应原分别为N-环己基硫酞内酯、对苯类、卡巴混合物、夸特15。结论硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、氯化钴、芳香混合物、N-环己基硫酞内酯、夸特15、卡巴混合物、对苯类是目前引起皮炎湿疹类患者的主要变应原。N-环己基硫酞内酯、对苯类、卡巴混合物、夸特15是男性患者的主要变应原。     

重庆地区470例皮炎湿疹类疾病患者斑贴试验结果分析

目的了解重庆地区皮炎湿疹的常见变应原。方法收集我科门诊自2006年1～12月确诊的470例皮炎、湿疹类患者进行斑贴试验,记录试验结果并进行统计分析。结果470例患者中变应原呈阳性反应者381例(80.13%),主要致病因素为硫酸镍、香料、橡胶和对苯二胺。结论斑贴试验可帮助皮炎、湿疹患者明确病因,为预防和治疗该类疾病提供理论依据。     

天津地区面部皮炎及手湿疹患者香料变应原检测

目的筛查天津地区面部皮炎及手湿疹患者中的主要香料变应原,从而为临床提供预防及诊治的依据。方法应用中国筛查系列变应原对门诊101例面部皮炎及手湿疹患者进行斑贴试验,并且针对性选取18例对所测变应原中香料1、2及香料混合物斑贴阳性及38例可疑阳性以及怀疑化妆品过敏的患者共56例使用荷兰香料变应原进行斑贴试验,判读结果按照国际接触性皮炎研究组的推荐标准进行判读。结果 101例患者中香料阳性率为12.87%,56例荷兰香料变应原斑贴试验,阳性率为37.50%,其中最高的为丁子香酚,阳性率6.93%,其次是苯甲醇,阳性率为4.95%,再次是肉桂醇和树苔提取物,阳性率均为3.96%。结论香料是面部皮炎及手湿疹患者的重要要致敏原之一,在荷兰香料变应原斑贴试验中丁子香酚是香料变应原中最常见的致敏原,其次是苯甲醇、肉桂醇和树苔提取物。斑贴试验是接触性皮炎的重要检测手段之一。     

新疆地区409例皮炎湿疹类患者斑贴试验结果分析

目的了解新疆地区皮炎湿疹类疾病汉族和维吾尔族患者常见变应原。方法采用百亿怡达斑贴试剂盒对新疆地区409例皮炎湿疹类疾病汉族和维吾尔族患者进行斑贴试验,并对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果新疆地区409例皮炎湿疹类患者斑贴变应原呈阳性反应者348例(85.09%),阳性率反应较高的变应原,汉族患者依次是甲醛(42.86%)、硫酸镍(26.69%)、白降汞(22.56%)、硫柳汞(18.80%)。维吾尔族患者依次为硫酸镍(39.02%)、甲醛(34.15%)、硫柳汞(14.63%)、氧化钴(13.41%)。汉族更易对甲醛和白降汞过敏,维吾尔族更易对硫酸镍和氧化钴过敏。结论斑贴试验有助于明确皮炎湿疹类患者接触性过敏原,可指导患者避免接触这些物品,是确定皮炎湿疹类患者致敏原的一个较为安全、简单、可靠的方法,为预防和治疗该类疾病提供理论依据。     

84例皮炎湿疹类皮肤病斑贴试验结果分析

分析本地区皮炎湿疹患者斑贴试验的结果及临床意义,并比较成人组与儿童组阳性结果的异同.对东营市人民医院门诊确诊的84例变应性接触性皮炎和湿疹患者进行斑贴试验,对结果进行统计学分析.斑贴试验总阳性率60.71%,成人组阳性率为64.81%,儿童组阳性率53.33%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).20种变应原中总阳性率排前5名的分别是氯化钴、重铬酸钾、硫酸镍、对苯二胺、芳香混合物.成人组阳性率较高的分别是氯化钴、重铬酸钾、硫酸镍;儿童组阳性率较高的分别是:硫酸镍、甲醛、芳香混合物.氯化钴、重铬酸钾、硫酸镍是东营地区变应性接触性皮炎和湿疹的常见变应原,斑贴试验对寻找变应原及日常防护均有意义.     

无锡市1065例皮炎湿疹类皮肤病的接触性变应原分析

目的 探讨无锡市皮炎湿疹类皮肤病患者的接触性变应原及其临床意义。 方法 斑贴试剂盒对门诊确诊的1065例皮炎湿疹类皮肤病患者进行斑贴试验,并对结果作统计学处理。 结果 斑贴试验总阳性率83.19%,性别、年龄差异无统计学意义。阳性率居前6位的变应原依次为重铬酸钾、氯化钴、硫酸镍、甲醛、卡巴混合物和芳香混合物。其中重铬酸钾和卡巴混合物的阳性检出率男性显著高于女性,硫酸镍和甲醛的阳性检出率女性显著高于男性,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。氯化钴的阳性检出率中青年组和老年组显著高于儿童组,硫酸镍的阳性检出率中青年组显著高于儿童组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 重铬酸钾、氯化钴、硫酸镍、甲醛、卡巴混合物和芳香混合物是无锡市引起皮炎湿疹类皮肤病的主要变应原。     

30例手部湿疹斑贴试验临床分析

目的:探讨手部湿疹患者对常见的接触性致敏原的敏感性。方法:用瑞敏斑贴试剂盒对30例手部湿疹患者、31例正常人作斑贴试验,并进行比较。结果:手部湿疹及正常对照组斑贴试验阳性率分别为96.7%、25.8%,手部湿疹组阳性率明显高于对照组(x~2=32.08,P0.01);手部湿疹患者最常见变应原分别是芳香混合物(33.3%)、重铬酸钾(30%)。结论:手部湿疹患者对接触性变应原的斑贴试验阳性率高,斑贴试验有助于明确手部湿疹患者的接触性致敏原。     

手部湿疹82例临床分析

目的探讨环境接触性因素在手部湿疹发病中的作用及其对预后的影响。方法选择2014年2月-2015年3月在广东省人民医院皮肤科门诊就诊的手部湿疹患者进行问卷调查和变应原斑贴试验。结果82例手部湿疹斑贴试验阳性率64.63%,变应原阳性率最高的是硫酸镍。手部湿疹患者中手部变应性接触性皮炎、手部刺激性皮炎和手部未分类皮炎痊愈率分别是35.71%,26.32%和11.90%。结论环境接触性因素是手部湿疹的常见病因,斑贴试验是确证致敏原的有效手段,对手部湿疹的治疗和预后有明显改善。     

手部湿疹313例接触过敏原分析

目的:探讨手部湿疹患者接触性变应原的分布及其特点。方法:应用斑贴试剂盒检测手部湿疹患者的接触性变应原,并分析与职业等因素的相关性。结果:受检的313例手部湿疹患者中有257例(82.11%)斑贴试验出现阳性反应,位列前6种最常见的致敏原分别为重铬酸钾、硫酸镍、芳香混合物、氯化钴、卡巴昆合物、甲醛,从事某些特定职业的手部湿疹患者阳性率明显较高。男性手部湿疹患者对重铬酸钾阳性检出率(34.96%)明显高于女性患者(17.37%),女性患者对硫酸镍的阳性检出率(30.00%)明显高于男性患者(13.01%)。结论:斑贴试验有助于查找手部湿疹患者的接触性变应原;手部湿疹与接触过敏原密切相关。     

广州地区123例斑贴和光斑贴试验结果分析

目的:回顾分析2007~2012年间在我院门诊进行的123例斑贴试验和光斑贴试验结果,探讨接触性变应原和光接触性变应原在一些皮肤炎症性疾病中的作用。方法:收集门诊以"面部皮炎"、"过敏性皮炎"、"光敏性皮炎"等就诊的患者123例,进行斑贴和光斑贴试验(共20种变应原)。结果:123例患者中,斑贴试验阳性33例(26.8%),光斑贴试验阳性75例(61.0%)。斑贴试验最常见阳性变应原是芳香混合物、秘鲁香脂和盐酸苯海拉明,光斑贴试验最常见阳性变应原是1.0%盐酸氯丙嗪、芳香混合物和0.1%盐酸氯丙嗪。结论:接触性变应原和光接触性变应原可能和慢性光化性皮炎、接触性皮炎和敏感性皮肤等炎症性皮肤病的发病有关。     

Environmental contact factors in eczema and the results of patch testing Chinese patients with a modified European standard series of allergens

Environmental contact factors in eczema were investigated in China by clinical questionnaire and patch testing patients with a modified European standard series of allergens. 217 consecutive eczema patients were studied. Contact dermatitis (CD) was clinically diagnosed in 30% of the patients. Among the patients patch tested, 46 patients had clinically diagnosed allergic CD (ACD), 20 patients clinically had non-ACD (NACD) (including 16 cases of irritant contact dermatitis, 1 case of phototoxic contact reaction and 3 cases of asteatotic eczema) and 115 patients had clinically suspected ACD. 45 patients (98%) in the ACD group went on to have relevant patch test results. The most common ACD was from metals, fragrance materials, cosmetics and rubber materials. The most common contact allergens identified were nickel, fragrance mix, para-phenylenediamine (PPD), carba mix and thimerosal. No adverse reactions were observed to patch testing, except for pruritus in patch-test-positive patients. The positive rate of patch testing in ACD was much higher than that in NACD (98% versus 15%, P < 0.05, chi(2)-test). 60 (28%) patients had facial dermatitis (FD). Among these, 20 (33%) were confirmed as having ACD. 48 (22%) patients had hand dermatitis (HD). Among these, 7 (15%) were confirmed as having ACD. Fewer patients were confirmed as having ACD in the HD group than in the FD (15% versus 33%, P < 0.05, chi(2)-test). Although the difference was not significant, the total positivity rate in the HD group (55%) was lower than in the other groups. 65 (30%) patients had unclassified endogenous eczema (UEE). The total positive rate of patch testing in the UEE group (56%) was no different from that in the FD or HD groups. However, the relevance of positive patch tests was hard to determine in UEE. These results indicate that CD is common in eczema; relatively more patients with FD have ACD, while other factors, such as irritation, may play more of a role in HD. The total positive rate of patch testing in the UEE group was no different from that in the FD or HD groups, suggesting that patch testing should be stressed in UEE and the relevance of positive patch test results in UEE should be studied further. It is effective and safe to patch eczema patients with a modified European standard series of allergens in China.     

Sensitizing potential of triclosan and triclosan-based skin care products in patients with chronic eczema

Triclosan is a lypophilic chlorophenol biocide with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity. Triclosan-based topical products have been shown to be tolerated and beneficial in atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitizing potential of triclosan and triclosan-based creams in patients affected by eczematous dermatitis. Two hundred and seventy-five patients affected by chronic eczema (allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, atopic eczema, nummular eczema, stasis dermatitis) were patch tested with standard patch test series as well as triclosan and triclosan-based products. Standard patch test series resulted positive in 164 patients (61%), with nickel sulfate, house dust mites, fragrance mix, propolis, thimerosal, myroxylon pereira, potassium dichromate, wool alcohols, and p-phenylenediamine the most common sensitizing haptens. Only two patients developed positive reactions to triclosan (0.7%) and four (1.4%) to triclosan-based products. The present study's results confirm that triclosan is well tolerated and has a very low sensitizing potential even in high-risk patients affected by eczema.     

Patch testing in children with hand eczema. A 5-year multicentre study in Spain

Background. Hand eczema is common in children, but affected children are seldom patch tested. Relatively few studies have assessed patch testing in the paediatric population, and none has specifically evaluated its use in hand eczema in children. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of contact allergy in children with hand eczema, and to identify the most frequent allergens and their relevance. Material and methods. We performed a 5‐year retrospective study of children (aged 0–15 years) with hand eczema tested with the Spanish baseline series at the Dermatology Departments of 11 Spanish hospitals. Results. During the study period, 11 729 patients were patch tested, of whom 480 were children. Hand eczema was present in 111 (23.1%) of the children and in 3437 (30.5%) of the adults. Of the children with hand eczema, 46.8% had at least one positive reaction in the patch tests. Current relevance was found for 78% of the allergens detected. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix I. Allergic contact dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis (36%), followed by atopic dermatitis. Conclusions. Allergic contact dermatitis was the most usual diagnosis in our series of children with hand eczema. We recommend patch testing of all children with chronic hand eczema, as is already performed in adults.     

P24Increasing prevalence of sensitization to preservatives in children

Objective:  The first Spanish patch‐test study of patients with contact dermatitis was performed in 1977. We aimed to determine the prevalence of hypersensitivity for Spanish standard allergens in patients suspected of contact dermatitis in 2001.
Methods:  A total of 3832 patients of 13 dermatological centers were patch‐tested with Spanish standard series. Age, gender, occupation, dermatitis site and type, and positive patch test were tabulated.
Results:  2300 female and 1532 male patients, aged 0 to 70 years were observed with contact dermatitis. Origin of eczema was occupational in 16.66% of patients. Eczema was located on hands in 54.34% of cases. Allergic contact dermatitis in 31.02% and irritative contact dermatitis in 15.88% were the most frequent diagnosis. Positive patch tests was observed in 55.11% of patients. Prevalence of positives reaction was obtained with nickel (26.64%), cobalt (9.89%), chrome (8.66%), PPDA (5.27%), thimerosal (5.21%), fragance mix (5.03%), Kathon CG (4.04%) and thiuram mix (2.87%).
Conclusions:  The results emphasize that nickel, cobalt, chrome are by far the most common allergens. A increase in the frequency of allergic patch test reactions to nickel has been noted (18,78 in 1977; 26,64 in 2001). However the contact sensitivity to cobalt, chrome and thiuram mix has decreased. Currently, allergy to cosmetics constitutes a significant portion of the cases of contact dermatitis.     

慢性光线性皮炎的光斑贴试验和斑贴试验

目的 确定(光)接触性变应原在慢性光线性皮炎(chronic actinic dermatitis,CAD)发病中的作用。方法 依照英国光学皮肤病研究组推荐的光斑贴试验方案以及常规斑贴试验方案,以Philips TL20W/09N为光源,采用标准光斑贴和斑贴试剂盒,对56例CAD、42例多形性日光疹(polymorphic light eruption,PLE)和25例头面部慢性湿疹患者进行了光斑贴和斑贴试验。结果 56例CAD患者中光斑贴试验阳性26例占46.43%,斑贴试验阳性32例占57.14%,二者均为阳性18例占32.14%,明显高于PLE患者中的相应比率。CAD患者斑贴试验变应原阳性率接近头面部慢性湿疹,且阳性变应原出现频率和次序基本相同,依次为芳香混合物、秘鲁香脂、对苯二胺、氯化钴和硫酸镍。CAD中最常见的变应原为芳香混合物和秘鲁香脂,两者占斑贴试验阳性反应的百分数分别为44%和32%,光斑贴试验则分别为15.38%和17.95%。结论 (光)接触性变应原与CAD发病密切相关。CAD患者应避免接触斑贴和光斑贴试验中呈阳性反应的变应原及其可引起交叉反应的相关化合物。     

Sensitizations to allergens of TRUE test in 864 consecutive eczema patients in Israel

The TRUE test is a widespread diagnostic tool for initial patch testing of patients with contact dermatitis (CD). From 2002 to 2005, 864 patients with eczema were patch-tested using TRUE test in one Israeli allergology clinic. 547 (63.3%) patients were female and 317 (36.7%) were male. 346 (40%) patients had > or =1 positive patch test reactions. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate for 114 (13.2%) patients, potassium dichromate 111 (12.8%), fragrance mix 59 (6.8%), cobalt chloride 12 (1.4%), ethylenediamine dihydrochloride 11 (1.3%), epoxy resin 11 (1.3%), balsam of Peru 9 (1.0%), carba mix 7 (0.8%), thiomersal 6 (0.7%), wool alcohol 5 (0.6%), black rubber (PPD) mix 5 (0.6%), neomycin 4 (0.5%); Kathon CG, Colophony and Quaternium 15 - each 2 (0.2%), other allergens - each 1 (0.1%). In male patients, carba mix, black rubber (PPD) mix and epoxy resin sensitivity was more frequent, whereas nickel sulfate, fragrance mix, ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and cobalt chloride sensitivity was significantly more frequent in female patients. Our results are in general agreement with previously published reports, excluding the low sensitivity rates to cobalt, which maybe is missed by TRUE test.     

Positive patch tests with a dermatophagoides mix relate to an increased responsiveness to standard patch test allergens

The diagnostic meaningfulness of patch tests with house dust mite allergens is still questionable. Our own impression has been that positive results with a dermatophagoides mix may occur preferentially in patients with a generally enhanced responsiveness to contact allergens. To check this, all of our patients allocated to patch testing with the standard series were additionally patch tested with a dermatophagoides mix by the same technique that was used for standard contact allergens. Out of 571 patients tested, 188 showed delayed responses to this mix that were indistinguishable from typical allergic patch test reactions but of no apparent clinical relevance. No relationship was found between positive dermatophagoides patch tests and an atopic disposition of the patients or characteristics of their eczema. However, 64.4% of the patients with a positive dermatophagoides patch test showed a response to at least 1 contact allergen of the standard series, compared to only 56.4% of the patients without a positive dermatophagoides reaction (p < 0.05). The reactivity to the mite mix was not related to the responsiveness towards any particular contact allergens. We suppose that some unidentified factors may contribute to positive reactions to the dermatophagoides mix that may also favour an enhanced general responsiveness to contact allergens.     

过敏性皮肤病患者斑贴试验结果分析及临床意义

目的研究过敏性皮肤病患者斑贴试验结果及临床意义.方法对254例湿疹、56例慢性荨麻疹、28例特应性皮炎患者进行斑贴试验检测.结果三组患者中阳性率较高的致敏原有四种物质相同,分别为硫酸镍、重铬酸甲、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物;特应性皮炎组阳性率(64.29%)明显低于湿疹组(79.92%),慢性荨麻疹(76.79%)与湿疹二组阳性率之间差异无显著性.结论过敏性皮肤病患者阳性率较高的致敏原具有相同性;硫酸镍、重铬酸甲、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物具有较高的致敏性;斑贴试验主要用于检测外源性变应原,特应性皮炎的病因可能以内源性为主;接触性过敏原可以引起接触性荨麻疹;斑贴试验阳性致敏原常是引起面部湿疹、手湿疹的致病因素.     

Hairdressers with dermatitis should always be patch tested regardless of atopy status

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis is common in hairdressers because of their exposure to chemicals used in hair dyes and permanent wave solutions. Atopic individuals are known to have a higher prevalence of leaving the profession due to morbidity associated with hand eczema. Objectives: To assess which chemicals are responsible for allergic contact dermatitis in hairdressers and whether the prevalence is the same according to atopy status. Methods: A total of 729 hairdressers who had been patch tested were retrospectively identified. Allergic reactions to relevant allergens from the extended European baseline series and hairdressing series were analysed against history of atopic eczema. Results: Of the total, 29.9% of patients had a current or past history of atopic eczema. The most frequent positive allergens from the European baseline series were nickel sulfate (32.1%) and p‐phenylenediamine (19.0%) and from the hairdressing series were glyceryl monothioglycolate (21.4%) and ammonium persulfate (10.6%). There was no significant difference between people with or without a history of atopic eczema, except for fragrance mix I and nickel sulfate. Conclusions: We present findings from the largest cohort of hairdressers patch tested from a single centre. It is necessary to patch test hairdressers with dermatitis, regardless of a history of atopy. Strategies to reduce prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis are required.