2型糖尿病小鼠肾脏纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1表达

目的探讨2型糖尿病动物模型KKAy小鼠肾脏纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)和组织纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)mRNA表达与肾脏细胞外基质蓄积的关系.方法选取8周龄雄性KKAy小鼠和C57BL-J小鼠,分别于16、20和24周处死.采用发色底物法检测不同周龄的KKAy小鼠及参照组C57BL/J小鼠的血浆PAI-1活性,RT-PCR法检测小鼠肾皮质tPA mRNA表达,原位杂交法检测肾皮质PAI-1 mRNA水平,免疫组织化学和免疫印迹法检测肾皮质层粘连蛋白表达.结果不同周龄KKAy小鼠肾皮质层粘连蛋白表达均高于同龄对照组(P＜0.05).2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠与C57BL/J小鼠血浆PAI-1活性的差异没有显著性(P＞0.05);但肾皮质tPA mRNA水平却显著降低,以16周时最为显著,仅为C57BL/J小鼠的47%,随周龄的增加,其差异逐渐减小.原位杂交显示KKAy小鼠PAI-1mRNA可在肾脏多部位表达,并以近端小管上皮细胞内的表达为主,且明显高于同龄C57BL小鼠.结论2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠早期肾病时,细胞外基质蛋白的蓄积可能和tPA mRNA表达下调及PAI-1 mRNA表达上调所致的纤溶酶降解细胞外基质作用降低有关.     

兔动脉粥样硬化模型中NO和PAI-1的表达及阿托伐他汀的干预作用

目的： 探讨兔动脉粥样硬化模型中一氧化氮（NO）和血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）的表达及阿托伐他汀的干预作用。方法：24只雄性日本大耳白兔随机分为高脂饮食组(A组)、高脂饮食+阿托伐他汀组(B组)和正常饮食组(C组),每组8只。各组分别在喂养16周末处死, ELISA法检测NO和PAI-1。全自动生化分析仪检测血清脂蛋白的表达水平。结果：NO的表达水平B组显著高于A组和C组（P<0.01）,A组与C组比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）。PAI-1的表达水平B组低于A组和C组（P<0.01）,A组与C组比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）。A、B、C三组总胆固醇（TC）水平分别为（23.51±10.58）、（14.27±3.51）和（1.36±0.33）mmol•L^-1,三组间两两比较差异有显著性（P<0.05）。A、B、C三组低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平分别为（21.39±10.00）、（14.23±4.01）和（0.72±0.35）mmol•L^-1,三组间两两比较差异有显著性（P<0.05）。 甘油三酯（TG）水平三组间比较差异无显 著性（P>0.05）。结论：高脂饮食对兔动脉粥样硬化模型中NO和PAI-1表达水平无明显影响,阿托伐他汀干预使NO表达水平升高,使PAI-1表达水平降低,有利于抑制动脉粥样硬化的进程。     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1在大鼠肝纤维化模型及自发逆转肝组织中的动态变化及意义

目的 :探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)在肝纤维化发生、发展及消退过程中的表达变化及意义。方法:采用皮下注射四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride,CCl4)方法制备大鼠肝纤维化模型,在注射及停止注射后不同时间,取组织标本,HE和Van Gieson氏(简称VG)染色。明确纤维化分期后,利用免疫组化及RT-PCR方法,观察PAI-1在肝纤维化进程及逆转中表达变化情况。结果:在正常大鼠肝脏中,PAI-1仅在汇管区细胞浆有少量表达;在纤维化肝脏,PAI-1主要分布于肝血窦壁及细胞浆。随着纤维化的进展,PAI-1表达量进行性增加(正常对照组为0.142±0.030,模型组注射CCl42、6和8周组分别为0.361±0.048、0.757±0.068和0.838±0.048);肝纤维化自然消退过程中又逐渐减弱(自发逆转2、4和6周组分别为0.613±0.054、0.524±0.060和0.210±0.044)。RT-PCR检测,模型组注射CCl42、6和8周后,PAI-1 m RNA在肝脏组织中的表达分别是正常肝组织的(6.83±2.60)倍、(12.43±2.65)倍和(26.32±5.17)倍,停止注射CCl4后,在自发逆转2、4和6周时,PAI-1 m RNA在肝脏组织中的表达只是正常肝组织中的(17.86±4.60)倍、(14.62±5.99)倍和(11.21±1.98)倍。结论:PAI-1在肝纤维化进程中持续上调,在肝纤维化逆转过程中表达下调,可能在肝纤维化发生发展中起重要作用。     

中老年非瓣膜病心房颤动患者凝血-纤溶功能的变化

目的：评价中老年非瓣膜病心房颤动（房颤）患者的凝血-纤溶功能。方法：选择92例中老年非瓣膜病房颤患者（房颤组）和60例窦性心律者（对照组）,采用免疫比浊法测定血浆D-二聚体（D-Dimer）水平,采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法（ELISA法）测定血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）及纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物1（PAI-1）水平。单因素分析方法分析两组间各指标的差异,对可能影响D-Dimer、t-PA、PAI-1水平的性别、年龄和血清肌酐、尿酸、血糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇等因素采用协方差方法分析。 结果：①单因素分析,房颤组D-Dimer［（0.16±0.10)mg·L^-1］、t-PA［（42.58±30.28)μg·L^-1］和PAI-1［（86.03±21.43)μg·L^-1］水平均显著高于对照组［(0.10±0.08)mg·L^-1,(26.02±13.84)μg·L^-1和(64.94±24.35)μg·L^-1］。房颤组PAI-1/t-PA比值略高于对照组（P>0.05）。②多因素分析调整影响因素后,房颤组D-Dimer　（P=0.047）、t-PA（P=0.264）和PAI-1（P=0.001）水平仍高于对照组,但t-PA差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论：中老年非瓣膜病房颤患者存在凝血-纤溶系统失衡,血液处于高凝、低纤溶状态。     

TGF-β1对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞PAI-1表达的影响

目的：观察不同浓度重组人转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）对大鼠肾系膜细胞增殖情况和纤溶酶原激活物(PAI-1)抑制物表达水平的影响。方法：采用MTT和流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖,Western blotting和RT-PCR法检测PAI-1的表达水平。结果：与对照组相比,0.1和0.5 μg·L^-1 TGF-β1诱导肾小球系膜细胞增殖,增殖率分别为(146.6±10.2)%和(134.6±14.5)%,PAI-1 mRNA和蛋白表达增强;而5和25 μg·L^-1 TGF-β1诱导的细胞增殖率为(75.2±13.2)%和(67.5±11.1)%,PAI-1 mRNA和蛋白表达无明显变化。结论：低剂量TGF-β1促进大鼠系膜细胞增殖、诱导PAI-1表达;高剂量TGF-β1则抑制系膜细胞增殖。     

米非司酮对早孕大鼠蜕膜、黄体分泌组织型纤溶酶原激活因子及蜕膜组织学的影响

目的 进一步探讨米非司酮抗生育的作用机理。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附法检测早孕大鼠蜕膜、黄体组织培养液中组织型纤溶酶原激活酮子(tissue—type plasminogen activator，tPA)的含量，观察米非司酮对体外培养大鼠蜕膜形态学的影响。结果 加入米非司菌培养24h后，蜕膜和黄体组织培养液中的tPA含量与对照组比较均显著升高(P＜0．05)；米非司酮对早孕大鼠蜕膜形态学的影响表现为蜕膜组织退化，间质水肿，血管扩张及组织间血细胞渗出。结论 提示米非司酮还可能通过激活黄体和蜕膜的纤溶过程，引起黄体溶解及蜕膜细胞外基质退化、蜕膜剥脱，从而达到抗生育作用。     

EGF对小鼠角质形成细胞中组织型纤溶酶原激活剂表达的调节

目的 探讨小鼠表皮角质形成细胞（KC）中,EGF对组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA)表达的影响。方法 应用免疫组化及原位杂交技术, 结合图像分析,定性及定量检测在EGF作用下的小鼠表皮角质形成细胞中,tPA mRNA/蛋白质的表达。结果 小鼠表皮KC经EGF处理12、24、48、72h后,tPAmRNA/蛋白质的量均增加（P＜0．01）,tPAmRNA的表达的 高峰出现于EGF作用24h时,tPA蛋白质表达的高峰则出现于EGF作用48h时。EGF联合0．5、1．0、1．5mmol/L Ca^2 作用小鼠表皮KC48h,与EGF单独作用小鼠表皮KC48h时,tPAmRNAA／蛋白质的表达,均显著降低（P＜0．001）。结论 小鼠表皮KC中,EGF可以时间依赖方式促进 tPAmRNA／蛋白质的表达,但受Ca^2 浓度的影响。     

Effects of simvastatin on cigarette smoke extract induced tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Background Cigarette smoking has an influence on both arterial-type and venous-type thrombosis. However, little is known about the direct effect of cigarette smoke extract （CSE） on fibrinolytic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs）. Most recently, simvastatin has been marked in its effect on endothelial cells protection and anticoagulation. In this study, the effect of CSE on the expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator （t-PA） and plasminogen activator inhibitor-l（PAl-1） in HUVECs was addressed. The role of simvastatin in CSE-induced fibrinolytic activity changes was investigated as well. Methods The fourth to fifth generation of HUVECs were incubated respectively with 0, 5%, 10% and 20% CSE for 6 hours or exposed to 5% CSE for 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours to determine the expression changes of t-PA and PAl-1 protein. Meanwhile, cells were also accordingly exposed either to 5% CSE alone or simvastatin pre-treated and 5% CSE for 24 hours to assess the role of simvastatin in CSE-induced t-PA and PAl-1 protein and mRNA expression in HUVECs. RT-PCR and ELISA techniques were used for detecting the t-PA or PAl-1 mRNA and protein. Results After 6-hour exposure to CSE, the expression levels of t-PA protein in 10% and 20% CSE-treated groups reduced significantly （（0.0365±0.0083） ng/ml, （0.0255±0.0087） ng/ml） when compared with that of control group （（0.0660±0.0120） ng/ml） （P 〈0.05）. In contrast, the levels of PAl-1 protein in 5%, 10% and 20% CSE-treated groups increased remarkably （（13.3225±0.5680） ng/ml, （14.2675±1.5380） ng/ml, （14.4292±1.6230） ng/ml） when compared with that of control group （（8.5193_±0.7537）ng/ml） （P〈0.05）. After stimulation with 5% CSE for 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours, the levels of PAl-1 protein increased over time and reached the peak at 24 hours （（14.6400±1.0651） ng/ml）, which was significantly higher than that of control group （（12.0656±0.6148） ng/ml） （P 〈0.05）. Additionally, CSE could up-regulate PAl-1 expression at both the mRNA and the protein levels. The levels of PAl-1 mRNA and protein increased significantly in 5% CSE-treated group （（8.8030±0.4745） ng/ml, （1.8155±0.0412） ng/ml） compared with those of control groups （（5.0588±0.2315） ng/ml, （1.3030±0.0647） ng/ml） （P 〈0.01）, and decreased after 2-hour simvastatin pre-treatment （（5.4875±0.3166） ng/ml, （1.3975-±0.0297） ng/ml） （P 〈0.01）. No significant difference was found at the levels of t-PA protein and mRNA （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions CSE inhibits the fibrinolytic activity of HUVECs in vitro. Simvastatin plays a protective role in CSE-induced fibrinolytic malfunction.     

重组尿激酶原对人肺动脉内皮细胞u-PA系统的影响

目的探讨重组尿激酶原对体外培养的正常人肺动脉内皮细胞(HPAECs)尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物系统表达的影响。方法将重组尿激酶原0或150 IU/mL与人肺动脉内皮细胞共同孵育8 h,收集培养上清并应用ELISA方法检测其中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(u-PAR)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)的含量;将重组尿激酶原(0~150 IU/mL)分别与HPAECs共同孵育(0~24 h),提取细胞总RNA并应用RT-PCR技术检测尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(u-PA)mRNA表达的变化。结果细胞培养上清ELISA实验表明,与对照组相比,重组尿激酶原150 IU/mL组细胞培养液中u-PAR的含量显著增加〔(0.51±0.04)μg/Lvs(0.58±0.05)μg/L,P=0.005;〕PAI-1的含量显著下降〔(66.75±7.92)μg/Lvs(53.38±12.18)μg/L,P=0.009〕。RT-PCR结果表明,HPAECs与重组尿激酶原150 IU/mL共同培养后0 h、4 h、8 h、12 h和24 h 5个时间点u-PA条带与GAPDH条带平均光密度之比分别为(0.34±0.11)、(0.51±0.12)、(0.58±0.12)、(0.50±0.18)和(0.35±0.10)。其中8 h组与对照组相比差异有统计学意义,8 h组与24 h相比P=0.053。结论重组尿激酶原能够明显促进HPAECs释放u-PAR并显著抑制PAI-1的表达和释放。重组尿激酶原能够呈时间依赖性提高u-PA mRNA在HPAECs的表达。重组尿激酶原直接影响人肺动脉内皮细胞u-PA系统的表达,该作用可能是增强药物本身溶栓疗效的一种重要途径。     

Gene expression of fibrinolytic factors urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in rabbit temporo-mandibular joint cartilage with disc displacement

Background The urokinase plasminogen activator system is believed to play an important role in degradation of the extracellular matrix associated with cartilage and bone destruction; however its precise roles in temporomandibular disorders have not yet been clarified. The aims of this study were to investigate the gene expression of fibrinolytic factors urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) in the articular cartilage of rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with disc displacement (DD) and to probe the relationship between fibrinolytic activity and cartilage remodeling.Methods Disc displacement of right joints was performed in 36 of 78 rabbits under investigation. The animals were sacrificed at 4 days and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, respectively. The right joints of these animals were harvested and processed for the examination of mRNA expression of uPA and PAI-1 in articular cartilage using in situ hybridization techniques.Results The expression of uPA and PAI-1 was co-expressed weakly in the chondrocytes from transitive zone to hypertrophic zone and mineralized zone, while no hybridizing signals were shown in proliferative zone and superficial zone in control rabbits. The most striking was the up-regulation of uPA and PAI-1 mRNA in 4-day rabbits postoperatively at the onset of cartilage degeneration. The strongest hybridizing signals for uPA and PAI-1 were seen in 2-week rabbits postoperatively. After 2 weeks, the expression of uPA and PAI-1 began to decrease and reached nearly normal level at 12 weeks.Conclusions The expression of the uPA/PAI-1 system coincides with the pathological changes in condylar cartilage after DD. The uPA/PAI-1 system may be one of the essential mediators in articular cartilage remodeling.     

Studies on the Relationship between Urokinase Plasminogen Activator(uPA)and Human Sperm Motility

Plasminogenactivators(PAs)arehighlyselectivetrypsin--likeserineproteaseabletoconverttheinactiveplasminogen,azymogenpresentinmostextracellularfluids,intoplasmin,alsoatrypsin--likeproteaseofbroadspecificity['].SeminalplasmalevelsofPAsinmenshowup60to100foldhigherthaninbloodplasma['].ThetwoknownPAs,urokinase--type(uPA)andtissue-type(iPA)aresecretedbyalargenumberofcellsandarethoughttoexhibitmultiplefunctionsinextracellularproteolysisaccompanyingtissueremodelingandcellmigration[']'Duetotheseprop…     

乳腺癌患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活系统的变化及其意义

目的 :观察乳腺癌患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物 (u -PA)及其特异性受体 (u -PAR)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 - 1 (PAI- 1 )含量的变化及其与肿瘤转移和预后的关系。方法 :用ELISA法测定 2 2例乳腺癌患者和 2 1例正常人血浆中u -PA、u -PAR和PAI- 1含量。结果 :乳腺癌患者的血浆u -PA、u -PAR和PAI - 1含量均显著升高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 ) ;中、晚期组u -PA显著高于早期组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,已转移组u -PA、u -PAR和PAI- 1较未转移组显著升高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 )。结论 :乳腺癌患者血浆中u -PA、u -PAR和PAI - 1含量不同程度升高 ,并与肿瘤转移和预后相关     

Rhein inhibits transforming growth factor β1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells

Objectives To investigate the effect of rhein on endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and protein production induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), and to explore the mechanism of the protective action of rhein on endothelial cells. Methods A human umbilical endothelium derived cell line (ECV-304) from ATCC was used in this study. The PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in the endothelial cells were detected by Northern blot and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFβ1 was determined by immunoprecipitation analysis and western blot. Results TGFβ1 rapidly increased PAI-1 mRNA expression in the endothelial cells, and this effect lasted at least 24 hours. The upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGFβ1 in endothelial cells was inhibited by rhein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhein inhibited endothelial PAI-1 protein production. Further study revealed that rhein had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFβ1 in human endothelial cells. Conclusions Our results showed that rhein may have a protective effect on the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting overexpression of PAI-1, indicating a way for the treatment of vascular diseases.     

局部血管内低剂量促红细胞生成素和联合 tPA 注射对大鼠脑缺血的影响

目的：探讨局部血管内低剂量促红细胞生成素（ erythropoietin,EPO）联合组织纤溶酶原激活剂（ tissue plasminogen activator,tPA）注射是否可以降低 tPA 单独应用时的不良反应及机制。方法成年雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠进行大脑中动脉闭塞手术,将健康雄性 SD 大鼠按数字表法随机分为5组,每组10只,分别缺血2 h 和4 h,再灌注30 min 后通过大脑中动脉单独注射 tPA,或联合注射 EPO（800 IU/ kg）及 tPA。结果局部血管内低剂量 EPO 联合 tPA 注射可以减小大鼠脑缺血再灌注24 h 后的病死率、改善神经功能、减少脑水肿和脑出血,并且没有产生血液学不良反应。局部血管内低剂量 EPO 联合 tPA 注射组与0.9%（质量分数）氯化钠注射液联合 tPA 注射组比较,p-AKT 和 p-ERK 的表达水平明显升高。结论大鼠脑缺血后,局部血管内低剂量 EPO 和 tPA 联合使用,可减少 tPA 单独使用时的不良反应,并发挥 EPO 的神经保护作用,可能与 AKT 和 ERK 通路激活有关。     

Experimental Study of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator Gene to Prevent Vein Grafts Stenosis

Autologousveingraftsremainedtheimportantsurgicalalternativeforcoronaryarterialbypassgrafts(CABG),butthevenousgraftsoftenfailedbecauseofthrombosis,intimahyperplasiaandscleratheroma.Recently,theroleoftissue typeplasminogenactivator(t PA)topreventthrombo sisandstenosisofveingraftswaspaiddoublyat tention,buttheadministrationofitislimitedbe causeofitsdosage,introduction.Thisexperimentaimedtoinvestigatetheeffectoflocallyappliedre combinantt PAgeneoninhibitingthrombosisandneotimahyperplasiainveing…     

腹及腹腔镜手术对腹膜纤溶系统影响的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术中腹膜纤维蛋白溶酶的变化。方法在腹腔镜与开腹手术前、后、立即，分别测量腹膜组织中组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)的浓度及t-PA的活性。结果腹膜组织t PA浓度在腹腔镜手术和传统腹部手术两组术中均下降，在传统腹部手术组下降更显著(P<0.05)，而腹膜组织PAI-1水平在腹腔镜手术组术前较高（P<0.05），在传统腹部手术组术中明显升高。手术后，两组PAI-1浓度无显著差异。t-PA活性在两组术前、后均无明显差异，但术中两组均显著下降(P<0.05) 。结论腹腔镜和传统腹部手术对腹膜的影响是相似的，腹腔镜手术最初腹膜组织中PAI-1浓度的升高是由于CO₂气腹造成的，并影响腹膜组织的修复。     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1与糖尿病足发病关系的研究

目的: 探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)与糖尿病足(DF)发病的关系,为DF的防治提供依据。方法: 42例DF患者为DF组,38例糖尿病(DM)无DF患者为DMNDF组,45名体检健康者为对照组,比较3组间PAI-1、糖基化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、C反应蛋白(CRP)等指标水平的变化。结果: 对照组、DMNDF组、DF组PAI-1、HbA1c、CRP依次升高,且差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。结论: DF患者PAI-1水平较高;对2型DM患者进行积极干预治疗,降低PAI-1水平,提高纤溶活性,可能延缓动脉硬化、狭窄,减少DF的发生。     

Coagulation and fibrinolytic activity in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Thecoagulationandfibrinolyticactivityinpatientswithacutecerebralinfarctionisabnormal Toinvestigatetheirchanges ,wemeasuredtheconcentrationofD dimer (DD) ,tissueplasminogenactivator (t PA) ,plasminogenactivitorinhibitor 1(PAI 1)andplaminogen (PLG )activityinplasmaandcerebrospinalfluid METHODSSubjectswererandomlyselectedfrom 35consecutiveischemicstrokepatients (2 1menand 14womenwithameanageof 6 3years)admittedtoourhospitalwithin 72hoursafteronsetfromApril 2 0 0 0toFebruary 2 0 0 1 Ofthes…     

Inhibitory effect of tea polyphenols on renal cell apoptosis in rat test subjects suffering from cyclosporine-induced chronic nephrotoxicity

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of tea polyphenols on renal cell apoptosis in rat test subjects suffering from cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity.Methods Four groups of rats with CsA-induced chronic nephrotoxicity were respectively treated with vehicle olive oil, tea polyphenols, CsA and tea polyphenols plus CsA. At the end of the 28th day of treatment, 24 hours urine and blood samples were obtained, and the animals were then sacrificed. The serum and urine samples were analysed for creatinine clearance, and kidney tissue was used for pathologic analysis of renal tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis. The TUNEL assay, apoptosis-related enzyme caspase-3 mRNA detected by RT-PCR, and its enzymatic activity were analysed for the possible detections of cell apoptosis.Results CsA-treated rats displayed increased apoptosis of the tubular and interstitial cells, in comparison with vehicle-treated controls (18. 3±4. 6 vs 4. 8±1.3 cells/mm2, P < 0. 05 ) . In comparision with a