右美托咪定联合布托啡诺用于病毒性脑炎患者镇痛镇静的临床观察

目的 分析病毒性脑炎患者应用联合右美托咪定及布托啡诺治疗的临床效果.方法 将64例病毒性脑炎患者随机分为对照组及观察组,每组32例.以接受右美托咪定镇痛治疗者为对照组,以联合接受右美托咪定及布托啡诺镇痛治疗者为观察组,对比两组接受治疗后的镇痛镇静效果及药物副作用发生率.结果 观察组接受治疗后止痛起效时间、镇静起效时间、止痛持续时间及镇静持续时间分别为(10.12±2.77) min、(17.71 ±3.51)min、(766.61 ±86.12) min及(653.55±98.32) min明显短于对照组的(13.61 ±3.61)min、(21.67 ±3.26) min、(731.21 ±78.24) min及(610.27 ±86.38) min(P＜0.05);同时治疗前两组生活质量各项评分比较未见统计学差异(P＞0.05),经治疗后观察组生活质量各项评分改善较对照组更为明显(P＜0.05).此外两组药物副作用发生率比较未见统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 联合右美托咪定及布托啡诺治疗可显著提高病毒性脑炎患者的镇痛镇静效果.     

右美托咪定作为罗哌卡因佐剂用于腰方肌阻滞对腹腔镜全子宫切除术后镇痛的影响

目的　探讨右美托咪定作为罗哌卡因佐剂用于腰方肌阻滞对腹腔镜全子宫切除术后镇痛的影响。 方法　选择2019年11月~ 2020年6月在本院行腹腔镜下全子宫切除手术患者66例,随机分为右美托咪定组（D组）和罗哌卡因组（R组）,每组33例。两组均采用TIVA,在麻醉诱导前行双侧后路腰方肌阻滞,D组每侧注射加入0.50 μg/kg右美托咪定的0.2%罗哌卡因30 mL,R组每侧注射0.2%罗哌卡因30 mL。记录术后2、6、12、24、48h h的静息和运动疼痛VAS评分;首次按压镇痛泵时间;术后48 h内有效PCA次数、舒芬太尼总量、哌替啶镇痛例数、镇痛满意度。 结果　与R组比较,D组术后12 h、24 h、48 h的疼痛VAS评分和运动疼痛VAS评分明显降低（P<0.05）,术后48 h按压镇痛泵总次数、舒芬太尼总量、需要哌替啶镇痛例数明显降低（P<0.05）,首次按压镇痛泵时间、镇痛满意度明显升高（P<0.05）。 结论　右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因双侧后路腰方肌阻滞用于腹腔镜下全子宫切除术后镇痛安全有效,能降低患者疼痛评分,增强镇痛效果、延长镇痛时间,减少术后阿片类镇痛药用量,提高患者满意度,为多模式镇痛方案提供新选择,效果优于单独应用罗哌卡因。     

右美托咪定辅助用于小儿尿道下裂修补术后镇痛的效果观察

观察右美托咪定复合芬太尼用于尿道下裂修补术患儿术后镇痛的效果及安全性。方法 选择全麻下择期行尿道下裂修补术的患儿60例,随机分为F组和D组,各30例。F组给予芬太尼0.3 μg/（kg·h）,D组给予右美托咪定0.05 μg/（kg·h）+芬太尼0.2 μg/（kg·h）,所有患者手术结束前30 min,给予芬太尼负荷剂量1 μg/kg。手术结束前即刻连接一次性恒速机械镇痛泵,泵注速率2 ml/h。记录连接镇痛泵后2、4、8、12、24及48 h的Wong-Baker脸谱疼痛评分和Ramsay镇静评分,补救镇痛次数以及术后心动过缓、低血压、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果 与F组比较,D组患儿补救镇痛次数、恶心呕吐及躁动发生率降低,患儿2、4、8、12、24及48 h的Wong-Baker脸谱疼痛评分降低、而Ramsay镇静评分增高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组患者在镇痛过程中均未出现心动过缓及低血压。结论 右美托咪定辅助用于小儿尿道下裂术后镇痛能提供较好镇痛效果和较佳镇静舒适度,减少不良反应的发生。     

舒芬太尼联合右美托咪啶自控镇痛对股骨骨折老年病人术后的镇痛效果和谵妄的影响

目的:探讨舒芬太尼联合右美托咪啶自控镇痛在股骨骨折老年患者术后的镇痛效果,及其对谵妄的影响。方法:将256例行股骨手术的老年患者随机分为3组。对照组(86例)术后行舒芬太尼2μg/kg静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),实验1组(85例)术后行舒芬太尼2μg/kg联合右美托咪定2.5μg/kg PCIA,实验2组(85例)行舒芬太尼1.5μg/kg联合右美托咪定2.5μg/kg PCIA。观察并比较各组患者镇痛效果及谵妄的发生情况。结果:术后2h、8h、12h,实验1组、实验2组VAS评分显著低于对照组(实验1组t=10.03,7.74,4.84;实验2组t=11.98,8.44,5.47;P均0.05),而该时点实验1组、实验2组VAS评分比较均无统计学意义;与对照组比较,实验1组、实验2组术后舒芬太尼用量显著减少(t=15.99,26.77;P均0.05),有效按压次数、Ramsay镇静评分显著升高(t=5.21,7.61,24.77,26.08;P均0.05),而实验2组舒芬太尼用量较实验1组明显降低(t=10.75,P0.05);实验1组、实验2组术后3d内谵妄的总发生率显著低于对照组(χ2=5.52,4.40;P0.05);实验2组不良反应的发生率为10.6%,显著低于对照组24.4%、实验1组22.4%(χ2=5.65,4.27;P0.05)。结论:右美托咪啶联合舒芬太尼可增强老年股骨骨折患者术后PCIA的镇痛效果,减少药量与不良反应,降低术后谵妄的发生。     

羟考酮联合芬太尼在高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤镇痛效果分析

目的:评价羟考酮联合芬太尼在高强度聚焦超声(High Intensity Focused Ultrasound,HIFU)治疗子宫肌瘤的镇痛效果.方法:纳入90例行HIFU治疗的子宫肌瘤患者,随机分为3组,每组30例.治疗开始前所有患者静脉泵注右美托咪定镇静,F组静脉注射芬太尼50μg进行治疗,O组静脉注射羟考酮10 mg,F+O组静脉注射芬太尼50μg+羟考酮5 mg镇痛.治疗中采用视觉模拟疼痛(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分记录各组患者疼痛反应、记录布托啡诺追加比率、治疗医师满意度及患者不良反应发生率等;治疗结束采用ELSIA检测血清炎性因子表达.结果:F+O组治疗开始VAS评分和术中最高VAS评分明显低于F组和O组(P<0.05);F+O组追加布托啡诺的比率明显低于F组和O组(P<0.05);F+O组医师麻醉满意度明显高于F组和O组(P<0.05);F+O组高血压发生率明显低于O组(P<0.05);F+O组患者血清炎性因子表达明显低于F组和O组(P<0.05).结论:羟考酮联合芬太尼比单独应用芬太尼或羟考酮镇痛效果更佳.     

不同浓度右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因连续腰丛神经阻滞的镇痛效果

目的探讨老年患者髋关节置换术后使用不同浓度右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因连续腰丛神经阻滞的镇痛效果。方法前瞻性选取于我院行髋关节置换术的老年患者177例,采用随机数字表法将其分为低浓度组、中浓度组、高浓度组,每组59例。术后均开启连续腰丛神经阻滞镇痛泵,低浓度组0.5μg/mL右美托咪定+0.1%罗哌卡因,中浓度组0.75μg/mL右美托咪定+0.1%罗哌卡因,高浓度组1.0μg/mL右美托咪定+0.1%罗哌卡因。比较3组患者麻醉用药量以及不良反应情况。于术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h比较3组患者视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静(RSS)评分、髋关节活动度、患肢肌力评分以及血液流变性指标。结果低、中、高浓度3组中,罗哌卡因用量、吗啡用量以及患者自控镇痛(PCA)按压次数依次减少,任意2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RSS评分在组内不同时间点、组间相同时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h,低、中、高浓度3组间VAS评分、血液流变性指标水平均依次降低,患肢肌力评分、髋关节最大屈曲度以及最大外展活动度均依次增加,任意2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者不良反应总发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论1.0μg/mL右美托咪定联合0.1%罗哌卡因连续腰丛神经阻滞对老年患者髋关节置换术后的镇痛效果较好,可促进患肢肌力和髋关节功能的恢复,明显改善血液流变性指标水平,降低血液黏度,且不会增加不良反应的发生率。     

不同剂量布托啡诺在剖宫产术后产妇静脉自控疼痛效应的比较

目的探讨布托啡诺在剖宫产术后自控疼痛的合理给药方案。方法选取75例在利多卡因连续硬膜外麻下行剖宫产手术的产妇作为研究对象,其ASA分级为Ⅰ~Ⅱ。所有产妇被随机分成3组(A组、B组、C组),每组25例。术后自控疼痛方案:各组产妇在手术结束前均给予布托啡诺负荷量30μg/kg,随后的布托啡诺维持量,A组为2μg·kg-1·h-1;B组为3μg·kg-1·h-1,C组为4μg·kg-1·h-1。观察并记录术后48h内不同时点的各项指标,包括疼痛评分、镇静评分、血压、心率、呼吸、呼吸抑制(血氧饱和度≤90%或者呼吸频率≤10次/min)、恶心呕吐次数、疼痛泵按压次数(D1)与实际进药次数(D2)比值。结果在术后6~24h各时点,B组与C组之间疼痛效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均优于A组(P<0.05)。术后1 h及术后24~48h各时点,各组疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。术后48 h内各时点,A组与C组的组间镇静评分均有显著性差异(P<0.05),C组镇静效果强于A组。但B组与A组、C组之间的镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后48 h内,B组和C组D1/D2值与A组比较,差异均有统计学意义(PAB=0.037,PAC=0.028),但B组与C组差异无统计学意义(P=0.086)。结论剖宫产术后使用布托啡诺静脉自控疼痛效果优良,术后24 h内推荐4μg·kg-1·h-1的维持量,24h后可根据病情酌情减量以达最佳效果。     

舒芬太尼联合右美托咪定用于临床麻醉的效果观察

目的 观察舒芬太尼和右美托咪定应用于临床麻醉的效果,评价其术后镇痛情况。方法 选择2015年3月~2017年3月我院收治的42例手术患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,各21例,对照组应用舒芬太尼麻醉,术后使用舒芬太尼镇痛,观察组应用舒芬太尼麻醉,术后使用舒芬太尼+右美托咪定镇痛,对比两组患者各时段镇痛效果情况及术后恢复情况。结果 术后不同时段疼痛比较,观察组更低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组的自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间及气管拔管时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 舒芬太尼联合右美托咪定应用于术后镇痛效果良好,两种药物的联合应用术后镇痛效果明显好于单用,能够有效的缩短苏醒时间,提高安全性,值得推广应用。     

右美托咪定对骨科老年患者术后谵妄的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对骨科老年患者术后谵妄发生率的影响。方法选择全麻下行择期骨科手术老年患者100例,随机分为右美托咪定组（D组）和对照组（c组）。D组在气管插管后采用注射泵以0．5μg／（kg·h）速率持续静脉注射,c组以相同方法静脉注射0．9％氯化钠溶液。两组均术毕前20min内停止注射。记录术中七氟醚和芬太尼用量、术后VAS评分、术后Ramsay镇静评分、术后谵妄的发生率。结果两组患者芬太尼和七氟醚用量、VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分、舒适度评分、术后谵妄的发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。与C组对比,D组患者术后谵妄的发生率降低,芬太尼和七氟醚用量减少,Ramsay镇静评分和舒适度评分更优,VAS评分降低（P〈0．05）。结论右美托咪定能减少骨科老年患者术后谵妄的发生率,其机理可能与其提供良好的镇静、镇痛和减少麻醉药物用量有关。     

不同剂量布托啡诺在剖宫产术后产妇静脉自控疼痛效应的比较

目的 探讨布托啡诺在剖宫产术后自控疼痛的合理给药方案.方法 选取75例在利多卡因连续硬膜外麻下行剖宫产手术的产妇作为研究对象,其ASA分级为Ⅰ～Ⅱ.所有产妇被随机分成3组(A组、B组、C组),每组25例.术后自控疼痛方案:各组产妇在手术结束前均给予布托啡诺负荷量30μg/kg,随后的布托啡诺维持量,A组为2μg·kg-1·h-1;B组为3μg·kg-1·h-1,C组为4μg·kg-1·h-1.观察并记录术后48 h内不同时点的各项指标,包括疼痛评分、镇静评分、血压、心率、呼吸、呼吸抑制(血氧饱和度≤90%或者呼吸频率≤10次/min)、恶心呕吐次数、疼痛泵按压次数(D,)与实际进药次数(D:)比值.结果 在术后6-24 h各时点,B组与C组之间疼痛效果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但均优于A组(P＜0.05).术后1h及术后24～48 h各时点,各组疼痛评分差异无统计学意义.术后48h内各时点,A组与C组的组间镇静评分均有显著性差异(P＜0.05),C组镇静效果强于A组.但B组与A组、C组之间的镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后48 h内,B组和C组D1/D2值与A组比较,差异均有统计学意义(PAB=0.037,PAC=0.028),但B组与C组差异无统计学意义(P=0.086).结论 剖宫产术后使用布托啡诺静脉自控疼痛效果优良,术后24 h内推荐4μg·kg-1·h-1的维持量,24 h后可根据病情酌情减量以达最佳效果.     

两种镇痛方式对妇科术后病人镇痛效果的比较

目的观察硬膜外吗啡术后镇痛与静脉曲马多复合芬太尼术后镇痛这两种镇痛方式对妇科术后病人镇痛效果比较。方法将80例心功能（ASA）Ⅰ-Ⅱ级的妇科手术病人随机分成A、B组，每组各40例。A组病人采用硬膜外持续微量注射镇痛泵（PCEA）泵入吗啡术后镇痛，B组病人采用静脉自控微量注射镇痛泵（PCIA）泵入曲马多复合芬太尼术后镇痛。观察并记录病人术后的疼痛情况、头痛头晕、恶心呕吐、术后排气、拔除尿管后的第一次排尿时间以及意外脱管等。结果两组间视觉模拟评分（VAS）评分比较、头痛头晕、恶心呕吐总发生率、术后排气均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。A组拔除尿管后的第一次排尿时间较B组短（P〈0．05）。结论静脉联合应用曲马多和芬太尼镇痛安全有效，有利于术后病人充分配合治疗和早期活动，促进早期康复，值得临床推广应用。     

A single dose of celecoxib 200 mg improves postoperative analgesia provided via patient-controlled epidural technique after caesarean section

Introduction

Celecoxib in a dose of 200 mg is safe for the breast feeding mother, as its milk levels are extremely low. We investigated the efficacy of celecoxib in improving postoperative pain management in parturients under patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA).

Material and methods

We studied 64 healthy parturients undergoing elective caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Postoperative analgesia was performed via PCEA with ropivacaine 0.15% and fentanyl 2 µg/ml (4 ml bolus administration, lock-out 15 min). Patients were randomly allocated to receive either only PCEA (n = 32) or PCEA plus celecoxib 200 mg orally (n = 32). Paracetamol 500 mg was given orally as rescue analgesia. We recorded visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain at rest and movement, attempted and given PCEA doses, Bromage scores, level of sensory blockade, rescue doses of paracetamol, maternal side effects during the first 24 h after the PCEA instrumentation, and the overall patient satisfaction.

Results

Fifty-six patients completed the entire protocol. Patient demographics, duration of surgery, side effects, attempted and given PCEA doses, and motor and sensory blockade did not differ between the groups. Significantly lower VAS scores at rest and movement, fewer paracetamol doses (p = 0.039) and increased patient satisfaction (p = 0.001) were found in the celecoxib group compared to controls.

Conclusions

A single dose of 200 mg of celecoxib effectively improved pain management in parturients with PCEA, limited the need for supplemental analgesics and improved efficacy of analgesia, increasing patient satisfaction.     

氯胺酮复合芬太尼联合新斯的明术后镇痛效果观察

目的观察小剂量氯胺酮复合芬太尼联合新斯的明术后镇痛效果观察。方法选择下肢手术的成年患者40例,随机分为两组,每组20例。Ⅰ组:氯胺酮复合芬太尼静脉给药术后镇痛。Ⅱ组:氯胺酮复合芬太尼静脉给药联合新斯的明硬膜外给药术后镇痛。观察各组患者镇痛48 h内静息镇痛评分(VAS),恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留和幻觉发生情况。结果两组间48 h静息镇痛评分Ⅱ组均小于Ⅰ组,但无显著性差别(P>0.05),两组间恶心呕吐发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05),均无幻觉、尿潴留、皮肤瘙痒发生。结论小剂量氯胺酮复合芬太尼静脉给药与联合新斯的明硬膜外给药均提供了满意的术后镇痛效果。     

Is postoperative pain a self-fulfilling prophecy? Expectancy effects on postoperative pain and patient-controlled analgesia use among adolescent surgical patients

OBJECTIVE: To explore relationships among anxiety, anticipated pain, coping styles, postoperative pain, and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) use among adolescent surgical patients and their parents. METHODS: Sixty-five 12- to 18-year-old surgical patients undergoing surgery with postoperative PCA pain management were included. Before surgery, adolescents and parents reported anxiety and expected levels of postoperative pain. Pain catastrophizing and coping style were assessed within 48 hr after surgery, with pain scores and PCA use recorded through the end of the second postoperative day. RESULTS: Adolescents' preoperative psychological characteristics (anxiety and anticipated pain) predicted postoperative pain scores, number of PCA injections and demands, and the PCA injections:demands ratio, with reports of anticipated pain associating most closely with these postoperative pain outcomes. Parental anxiety and anticipated pain did not predict teens' postoperative pain. Coping style did not moderate the relationship between anticipated pain and pain outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings are interpreted as suggesting a self-fulfilling prophecy in adolescents' postoperative pain experience wherein teens who expect to have high levels of postoperative pain ultimately report more pain and use more opioid PCA medication than those who report lower levels of pain.     

Effect of a Sleep Aid in Analgesia after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and safety of a sleep aid for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-eight patients were prospectively assigned to either the zolpidem group (multimodal analgesia+zolpidem; 39 patients) or the control group (multimodal analgesia; 39 patients). Self-rated pain levels were assessed twice a day using a visual analog scale (VAS). The need for additional rescue analgesic, duration of functional recovery, and adverse effects were assessed for the first 5 days after surgery.

Results

The mean number of times that additional rescue analgesic was required during 5 days after surgery was 2.1±2.0 in the zolpidem group and 3.3±2.8 in the control group, a significant difference. There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean VAS pain scores during the first 5 days after surgery, although the zolpidem group had lower VAS pain scores than the control group. Additionally, there were no significant differences in duration of functional recovery and adverse effects between the two groups.

Conclusion

The use of zolpidem for analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair provided a significant reduction in the need for rescue analgesic without increasing adverse effects. Nevertheless, mean VAS pain scores during the first 5 days after surgery did not differ between the zolpidem group and the control group.     

CGRP 4218T/C polymorphism correlated with postoperative analgesic effect of fentanyl

Purpose: Our study aimed at evaluating the association between α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) 4218T/C polymorphism and the patient-controlled analgesic (PCA) effect of fentanyl on Chinese Han population. Methods: 98 patients were involved in the experiment, but only 92 patients completed the experiment. 0.1 mg/kg fentanyl was given to the patients through intravenous injection ten minutes before the ending of surgery. The patients achieved PCA by controlling the fentanyl infusion pump and a single dose was 1 mg. The CGRP 4218T/C polymorphism was genotyped with polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The fentanyl consumption within the 72 hours after the surgery was recorded and the pain was assessed with numeric rating scale (NRS) method. Results: The patients were divided into three groups of wild homozygote (T/T), heterozygote (T/C), and mutant homozygote (C/C). At the 6^th hour and the 12^th hour after the surgery, the fentanyl consumption for PCA of the T/C group was significantly higher than the T/T group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the fentanyl consumption of the C/C group was much higher than the T/T group (P<0.05) at the 12^th hour and the 24^th hour. Besides, the fentanyl consumption of the C/C group was more than the T/C group (P<0.05) at the 24^th hour. The differences in NRS scores, Ramsey scores, and postoperative adverse reactions between each group at all time points were not statistically significant. Conclusions: CGRP 4218T/C polymorphism may be associated with the postoperative fentanyl consumption for analgesia.     

The influence of pre-emptive analgesia on postoperative analgesia and its objective evaluation

Introduction

The evaluation of pain intensity is still a subject of research. Mostly psychological evaluations are used. We started to conduct biochemical evaluation in animal experiments. Now we present biochemical evaluation in postoperative pain in man.

Material and methods

In 67 patients herniotomy was done. For pre-emptive analgesia morphine and pethidine were used and the following indicators were measured: visual analogue scale (VAS), measurement of lipid spectra, saccharides and proteins, thioredoxin, super-oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and NAD(P)H-oxidase (NOX), and free radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Blood samples were taken and tested: before pre-medication and intervention, 4 h after and 24 h after intervention.

Results

Free radicals (FR) increased in individual samples during the postoperative course in pethidine and without pre-medication. After application of morphine the FR were insignificantly reduced. Statistically significant differences were found in albumin, prealbumin, apolipoprotein A, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, CRP, glucose, and thioredoxin (p ≤ 0.001). A greater difference was seen in VAS values between morphine and pethidine premedications (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

It was proved that the biochemical markers of lipid, protein and saccharide metabolisms and free radicals as well as singlet oxygen can serve as very good indicators of the intensity of pain and nociception. In patients it was proved that pre-emptive analgesia plays an important role in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain. From the three modalities of pre-emptive analgesia morphine represents the best solution.     

超声引导下双侧多点竖脊肌平面阻滞在后路脊柱侧凸矫正融合术中的应用

目的:探讨超声引导下双侧多点竖脊肌平面阻滞（ESPB）在后路脊柱侧凸矫正全麻手术中的应用和对术后镇痛的影响。方法:选取择期后路脊柱侧凸矫正融合术患者40例，ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ，按照随机数字表法将所有患者分为ESPB组（E组）和对照组（C组），每组20例。E组于全身麻醉诱导前30 min分别行双侧T5和T10水平的ESPB，C组注射等量生理盐水。注药20 min后使用针刺痛觉评估法监测感觉阻滞平面。两组患者均采用相同的麻醉诱导及麻醉维持方案，术中均采用Narcotrend监测麻醉镇静深度。术后均行舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛。记录两组患者术中麻醉药物用量、术后苏醒时间、术后2、4、6、12、24 h静息视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）和24 h PCA镇痛泵舒芬太尼用量及PCA按压次数；相关不良反应（恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制）以及阻滞相关并发症（穿刺部位感染、血肿、局麻药中毒）。结果:E组患者术中麻醉药物用量、苏醒时间、术后2、4、6、12 h VAS评分和PCA舒芬太尼用量及PCA按压次数均低于C组（P<0.05）。但术后24 h VAS评分两组比较差异无统计学意义。E组未出现穿刺部位感染、血肿、局麻药中毒等并发症。结论:超声引导下双侧多点ESPB在后路脊柱侧凸矫正融合术中能提供良好的镇痛，可以缩短麻醉苏醒时间，降低围术期阿片类药物的使用。     

含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液颈丛阻滞麻醉用于甲状腺手术的观察

目的探讨甲状腺手术舒适有效的麻醉方式。方法选择48例甲状腺手术病人,随机分为含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液的试验组(A组)和不含吗啡的局麻复合液的对照组(B组)进行颈丛阻滞麻醉,分别观察作用起效、显效、维持时间和循环变化情况及术中病人反应、术后刀口疼痛情况。结果两组病人在麻醉效力作用时间方面无显著性差异;在循环系统变化上试验组比对照组明显更加稳定;术中病人对不适刺激的反应试验组比对照组明显少;试验组病人可以维持术后刀口无痛时间达12~23h以上。结论含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液颈丛阻滞麻醉用于甲状腺手术是一种优良、可靠且具有良好术后镇痛作用的麻醉方法。