军人睡眠质量及其影响因素

目的研究军人的睡眠质量,并探索相关影响因素。方法选取驻华东地区陆、海、空军及第二炮兵部队各一部共1887名军人,填写自编一般情况调查表、睡眠卫生习惯量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)。结果 PSQI总分为(5.41±3.09),以PSQI7为睡眠质量不佳的界值,失眠发生率12.5%。年龄(r=0.361,P0.01)、受教育程度(r=0.063,P0.05)、职别(r=0.058,P0.05)、服役时间(r=0.216,P0.01)、大量吸烟(r=0.061,P0.05)、睡前饮酒(r=0.178,P0.01)与PSQI总分相关。进入PSQI总分回归方程的变量为年龄、睡前饮酒(β=0.40,-1.54;P0.05)。结论驻华东地区军人睡眠质量尚可,睡眠质量与年龄、受教育程度、职别、大量吸烟、睡前饮酒相关,其中年龄和睡前饮酒习惯对睡眠质量有预测效应。     

高原军人的睡眠质量及其与健康状况的相关性研究

目的了解高原军人的睡眠质量及其与自测健康状况的关系。方法采用随机整群抽样法,选择驻西藏某部队官兵490名,应用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)进行问卷调查。结果高原军人PSQI总分为7.14±3.42,14.8%的人睡眠质量较差;睡眠问题主要表现在入睡时间、日间功能障碍和主观睡眠质量成份的得分较高,2分以上所占的百分比分别为56.5%,54.8%和36.94;影响高原军人睡眠质量的主要问题为入睡困难、夜间易醒或早醒;不同睡眠质量高原军人在自测健康状况的3个子量表得分和总分均有非常显著差异(P<0.001)。高原军人睡眠质量各成分得分和总分与自测健康状况3个子量表得分和总分绝大多数呈显著的负相关,尤其与心理子量表的相关更为显著。结论高原军人的睡眠质量不容乐观,他们的睡眠质量对自测健康状况有显著影响,提高高原军人睡眠质量是改善他们自测健康状况的有效途径。     

大学生睡眠质量及其相关影响因素的研究

目的:了解大学生的睡眠质量及其与人格倾向、主观幸福感、心理症状等因素的关系。方法:通过整群随机抽样选取313名大学生为调查对象,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和相关量表评定大学生的睡眠质量及相关心理状况。结果:大学生PSQI总均分为5.14±2.71,睡眠障碍发生率18.2%;体育锻炼和睡眠习惯对大学生睡眠质量有影响;人际关系、身体状况、生活习惯、主观幸福感、人格倾向、心理症状与睡眠质量有显著相关,产生重要影响的因素主要有身体状况、心理症状和人格倾向。结论:大学生睡眠质量问题应引起重视,采取综合措施改善大学生的睡眠问题,可促进其身心健康。     

军人睡眠自适应量表的编制

目的:编制一个测量军人睡眠适应能力的评估工具。方法:采用文献回顾、访谈和开放式问卷等方法收集量表条目,通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析程序进行量表构建。结果:857名被试的探索性因素分析表明军人睡眠自适应量表由睡眠与生活质量、睡眠的影响因素、睡眠的积极暗示、对睡眠的重视、睡眠的抗干扰力、对睡眠的积极态度等6个因子构成,可解释总变异的45.64%;974名新样本被试的验证性因素分析发现模型拟合度指数χ2/df、GFI、AGFI、CFI、NFI、TLI、RMSEA分别为3.02、0.84、0.82、0.86、0.80、0.85、0.046;睡眠自适应量表与军人睡眠质量量表、PSQI的相关分别为0.60、-0.50,均在0.001水平上显著。结论:军人睡眠自适应量表具有较好的信、效度。     

家庭-工作交互作用与中年科技工作者睡眠质量相关性分析

目的:了解家庭与工作间的交互作用对中年科技工作者睡眠质量的影响。方法:使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、工作要求量表和家庭-工作交互作用量表,评估6245名中年科技工作者的睡眠质量并分析影响因素。结果:中年科技工作者PSQI均分为5.20±2.94,按照PSQ1=7分为我国成人睡眠质量问题的参考界值,27%有睡眠问题。PSQI总分性别差异不显著,45岁后睡眠状况开始明显变差。分层回归分析发现,家庭-工作交互作用对中年科技工作者睡眠预测效果显著。结论:中年科技工作者的睡眠质量较差,家庭与工作间的消极作用会增加中年科技工作的睡眠问题的风险。     

监狱警察睡眠质量与心理社会因素的相关性研究

目的:了解监狱警察睡眠质量和心理社会因素的关系。方法:用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、生活事件量表(LES)和应对方式问卷(CSQ)对广东省监狱管理局的2093名监狱警察的睡眠和社会心理因素进行了调查。结果:监狱警察PSQI均分为7.10±3.68,40.71%的监狱警察有睡眠问题。多元回归分析发现,PSQI分与N分、负性事件刺激量、自责和合理化应对因子的得分成正相关,与解决问题应对因子的得分成负相关。结论:监狱警察的睡眠障碍较明显,其睡眠障碍与其本身的情绪稳定性,承受的负性生活事件量和应对方式高度相关。     

集训新兵睡眠特点10年后比较分析

目的:比较分析10年前后同地区不同集训新兵的睡眠特点及影响因素。方法:采用自编调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对1027名集训新兵进行评估,与10年前同地区集训新兵的睡眠特点及影响因素进行对比。结果:目前集训新兵PSQI总分为(18.69±1.52)分,新兵睡眠质量问题检出率为16.0%,显著高于10年前(χ2=4.70,P0.05);其中睡眠时间缩短,催眠药物使用增多,日间功能障碍较10年前减轻(P0.05);影响新兵睡眠的主要因素与10年前基本一致,仍以心理健康水平为主。结论:目前集训新兵睡眠问题不同于10年前新兵,心理健康水平仍是影响睡眠质量的主要因素。     

重点初中新生的睡眠质量及其相关因素分析

目的 了解重点初中新生的睡眠质量及其相关因素。为提高新生睡眠质量的研究提供资料。方法 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）和自制的相关因素调查袁,在新生入校第4周进行问卷调查,并与非重点初中新生进行比较。结果 匹兹堡睡眠质量总均分及睡眠质量、日间功能障碍两因子分,重点中学新生均高于非重点中学新生,差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）;影响学生睡眠质量的因素有学业负担过重、竞争性强及个人情绪3个因素。结论 重点初中新生睡眠质量存在一定问题,应引起学校、家庭和社会的关注。     

铁路职工睡眠质量与焦虑、抑郁相关研究

目的探讨铁路职工的睡眠质量、焦虑、抑郁及其相互关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，抽取302名济南铁路分局铁路职工。对所抽样本进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）的调查。结果PSQI、SAS、SDS得分分别为5.61±2.93,40.2±10.2和45.3±10.0；睡眠质量问题、焦虑及抑郁症状的发生率分别为21.9%,18.7%和35.2%。PSQI总分与焦虑、抑郁得分呈显著正相关（P＜0.0001）。结论焦虑、抑郁是影响铁路职工睡眠质量的重要因素,主管部门应重视职工的睡眠问题，重视心理卫生知识宣传，合理安排作息时间，减少影响因素，提高铁路职工的工作和生活质量。     

胆囊切除手术患者的睡眠质量研究

目的了解胆囊切除术后患者的睡眠质量。方法抽取某院85名胆囊切除术患者为研究对象，进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）调查其术后睡眠质量。结果腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者PSQI总分为6．22&#177;237，PSQI〉7者67人（占78.32％），较国内一般人群15％-30％的睡眠问题检出率结果高（P〈0．01）；LC患者睡眠质量问题主要表现为睡眠干扰因素、主观睡眠质量和日间功能障碍3个成份的得分较高．疼痛不适、夜间易醒或早醒、夜间上厕所是睡眠干扰的主要因素。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者睡眠质量特征有别于剖腹胆囊切除患者和国内一般人群。     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008