用PCR鉴定性别的绵羊胚胎移植试验

采用deletion-enrichment的方法建立富含绵羊Y染色体DNA文库,筛选出特异克隆,经序列分析,合成一对引物,用PCR扩增Y染色体上特异片段约130bp。在实验室,用初步建立的PCR鉴定胚胎性别技术,对已知性别的6只公绵羊和5只母绵羊的血液样品进行性别鉴定,准确率为100％。在内蒙古牧区生产现场,用研究成功的简易胚胎取样技术和胚胎取样过程中的防污染措施,从绵羊胚胎切取一定数量的细胞经PCR性别鉴定后移植于受体母羊,移植成功18只受体母羊,共怀25只羔羊,有20只羔羊的实际性别与胚胎性别鉴定结果一致,准确率为80％(20/25),其中,公羔与鉴定为雄性胚胎的符合率为87.5％(7/8);母羔与鉴定为雌性胚胎的符合率为76.5％(13/17)。     

H-Y单抗检测方法初探

优化间接ELISA条件 ,提高灵敏度 ,建立检测H -Y抗体的检测方法。利用纯系BALB/c公鼠免疫同系母鼠 ,制备H -Y单抗。间接免疫荧光法鉴定胚胎性别 ,PCR方法验证准确率。结果表明 :在 1 8枚H -Y阳性胚胎中 ,有 1 5枚雄性胚胎 ,3枚雌性胚胎 ,准确率为 83%。在 1 6枚H -Y阴性胚胎中 ,有 1 5枚雌性胚胎 ,1枚雄性胚胎 ,准确率为 94%。     

奶牛胚胎分割移植试验研究

用简单方法(即胚胎透明带不经链霉蛋白酶软化处理)直接分割7—8日龄新鲜胚胎(一分为二)。裸半胚成对移植给66头受体,90天妊检,移植妊娠率为56.1％(37/66)。除6头流产和尚有5头待产外,已有26头受体产犊35头,其中有9对同卵双胎,双胎率为34.6％(9/26),半胚产犊率为29.2％(35/120)。对影响成对半胚移植妊娠率和半胚产犊率的因素如胚胎质量、胚胎在体外停留时间、胚胎发育阶段、黄体状况、受体牛品种等进行了较系统的研究。此外对冷冻胚胎进行了分割试验,移植妊娠率为45.5％(5/11)产3头犊牛。对快速冷冻和常规冷冻胚胎分割后的移植妊娠率进行了比较,分别为25.0％(1/4)和57.4％(4/7)。     

摩拉水牛繁殖性能的研究

摩拉水牛具有含脂率高的产奶性能,是印度水牛中著名品种之一。有人发现印度各地的不同气候条件对该品种的繁殖性能有不同的影响。在野外、特别是在人工授精的地区,水牛的繁殖率通常很低。鉴于上述事实,本研究的目的在于计算怀孕期、产犊间隔期、产后发情与产后能受孕的发情期所需要的正常时间,以及观察小牛性别、产犊季节与胎次对怀孕、产犊间隔、产后发情及产后能受孕的发情期的影响。     

给已配种的受体牛移植胚胎获得双生犊牛

通过从奶用和肉用牛获得双生犊牛的途径是可以增加用于繁殖和肥育的牛数。在自然条件下,牛群和品种间产双犊的概率范围是0.44-8.84％。按产双犊的性状进行选育不会产生理想的效果。用激素诱发超数排卵获得双犊的方法是无效的。卵巢对促性腺激素的反应无法控制,因而不可能达到正常的双胎怀孕,就更不可能产三犊和四犊。 在繁殖双胎犊牛中,移植早期胚胎具有优越性。具体做法是移植两枚胚胎,每个子     

通过孕酮的放免测定进行母牛的早期妊娠诊断

要使每头母牛每年都能产犊,配种期就不能超过90天。但是,国内外的统计资料表明,有相当数量的母牛产犊后至受胎的时间超过了90天。导致配种期延长的因素有:产犊后发情过于迟缓,发情征状不明显,以及由此产生的正常周期的中断、胚胎的死亡等。     

肉用母牛产后的卵巢活性

用经常测定乳中孕酮的方法,对三群157头产后的肉用母牛做了卵巢活性检查。平均(±s.e)天周期性活动期的长度为56.9(±2.5)天,但在群内和群与群之间都有显著的差异。总的说来,在母牛产犊后体重的大小同无周期性活动期的长度呈负相关(r=-0.3800,P相似文献   

用聚合酶链反应可准确鉴定移植前牛胚胎的性别

聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术是胚胎性别鉴定的一大突破。我们发展了先进的PCR技术,用于移植前牛胚胎的性别鉴定,用两个特异的雄性Y染色体重复序列为标靶,以PCR方法对DNA进行扩增。我们进一步扩增了出现在雄性和雌性中的牛重复序列。这一方法极其准确,结果无一差错,可用于90％以上的牛半胚性别鉴定。     

母水牛在静默发情期及不同泌乳阶段中血浆矿物质的含量

母水牛由于繁殖力低、产犊间隔长,致使其产奶量减少而造成损失。母水牛理想的产犊间隔应为13—15个月,但疾病、管理和营养等因素均会使产犊间隔延长。据统计,Punjab国营畜牧场的母水牛产犊间隔时间平均为530天(324—1503天)。缩短产犊间隔的有效措施之一是判别和鉴定母水牛静默发情的征状。静默发情的母水牛具有正常的     

1987—1990年奶牛胚胎分割研究

1987年10月—1990年10月在不同地区的6个奶牛(农)场进行奶牛胚胎分割研究。采用简单的分割方法和设备,以及培训农场技术人员,三年共分割奶牛胚胎277枚,移植半胚522个,移植受体288头,有125头受体妊娠(43.4％),半胚妊娠率29.7％,双胎率33.3％。随着分割技术的提高,到1990年受体妊娠率达到51.4％,和整胚移植的(50％)相同。半胚妊娠率达34.6％。分割一级胚胎可获得最好的结果。受体和半胚的妊娠率分别是53.5％和37.2％。半胚产犊率为35.3%,按未分割的整胚计算,产犊率达到70.4％,比整胚的(45.5％)提高25％。双胎率达到42.0％。结果表明,在我国牛(农)场比较简陋的设备条件下,依靠本身培训的技术力量,可以利用胚胎分割来提高奶牛的繁殖效率。本研究表明,用黄牛或奶牛作受体移植成对奶牛半胚,两者在受体妊娠率、半胚妊娠率和产犊率及双胎率上均无差异(P>0.1)。这对充分利用我国丰富的黄牛资源生产出更多优良的奶牛具有十分重要的意义。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.