髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良28例疗效分析

目的：探讨髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良的临床效果。方法：采用田川法髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良共２８例（２９髋），随访时间３．２年。手术前后Ｘ线变化及临床评定结果：全部病例术后可使髋关节疼痛消失，功能改善，髋臼和股骨头之间恢复了正常匹配关系。结论：髋臼旋转截骨术是从根本上治疗髋臼发育不良的最有效方法     

髋臼发育不良骨盆截骨术内固定的改进

[目的]探讨髋臼发育不良骨盆截骨术中“T”形钢板内固定的应用。[方法]临床19例髋臼发育不良患者，骨盆截骨后应用解剖钢板固定。观察术后骨愈合、髋臼角改善和并发症情况。[结果]本组术后随诊1．5—2a。术后骨折线消失、骨愈合的时间为7周-4个月，平均2．2个月。未发生骨不连，髋臼矫形角度未发生丢失。[结论]骨盆截骨后钢板内固定稳定，可有效防止常规克氏针、石膏固定的并发症.     

髋臼旋转截骨术治疗先天性髋臼发育不良

介绍髋臼旋转截骨术治疗先天性髋臼发育不良。方法：该术式通过髋臼周围截骨,旋转髋臼向前外侧、内侧及下方移位,以恢复发育不良髋臼的正确位置,并增加髋臼覆盖面。结果：在１９９０～１９９７年间,应用该术式治疗先天性髋臼发育不良病人１２例（１３髋）,年龄在１８～４８岁间。所有病人均获随访１～７年（平均３年８个月）,术后髋痛、跛行完全消失或有明显改善,髋关节活动范围基本正常。ＣＥ角和Ｓｈａｒｐ角均基本恢复正常。结论：该术式设计合理,适应证广泛,术后疗效确切,是先天性髋臼发育不良患者的择优手术方案。     

髋臼旋转截骨术治疗早中期髋关节发育不良

目的探讨髋臼旋转截骨术治疗早中期髋关节发育不良的手术技术要点及中期疗效。方法2000年5月至2006年5月对12例（14髋）早、中期髋关节发育不良患者进行了髋臼旋转截骨术,所有患者均为女性,手术时年龄13—46岁,平均28．9岁。随访时间3．1—9．1年,平均6．0年。术前、术后及随访时X线片上测量CE角,髋臼顶角及头外移指数。Harris评分判断髋关节功能。手术采用Oilier外侧“U”形入路,股骨大转子截骨显露。术后未行外固定。结果患者疼痛症状得到明显改善,Harris评分术前72分,术后91分（P〈0．001）。CE角术前0．9°,术后27°（P〈0．001）;髋臼顶角术前为29°,术后5°;头外移指数术前为0．68,术后0．65。所有病例截骨块及股骨大转子截骨处愈合良好。结论Oilier外侧“U”形入路行髋臼旋转截骨术髋臼缘显露充分;治疗早中期髋关节发育不良可以缓解疼痛,延缓骨关节炎的进展速度,中期随访疗效满意。     

髋臼成形截骨治疗成人髋臼发育不良

目的　探讨治疗成人髋臼发育不良的新方法。方法　沿髋臼上缘截骨 ,截骨后将骨瓣尽量向下翻转以加大髋臼对股骨头的包容。截骨间隙采用髂骨植骨填充并用克氏针固定。结果　 18例平均随访 3 5年 ,根据Gordon标准评定疗效 ,优 9例 ,良 7例 ,中 2例。结论　该方法是治疗成人髋臼发育不良的有效方法     

髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良

目的探讨髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良的疗效。方法应用髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良16例（18髋）,截骨线距臼周缘2 cm,做穹隆状截骨,凿断后再用弧度骨凿将髋臼向前外下方旋转。髋臼矫正到较正常位置后,截骨间隙呈楔形状,用类似间隙大小的楔形同种异体骨块嵌入,并用可注射状人工骨填满间隙,最后用2枚可吸收螺钉固定。测定并比较术前和术后JOA评分、CE角和Sharp角。结果16例均获随访,时间442个月。术后摄片髋关节复位位置好,股骨头及髋臼形状基本正常。髋臼旋转截骨及植入骨块2个月后骨性愈合,6个月后髋关节功能恢复正常17髋,较差1髋,无患髋的骨性关节炎病变继续恶化。JOA评分：术前为75.2分±3.1分,术后为93.5分±3.5分;CE角：术前为15.8°±1.3°,术后为33.4°±1.7°;Sharp角：术前为47.3°±2.5°,术后为29.8°±2.1°。JOA评分术后增加18.3分;CE角增加17.6°,Sharp角减少17.5°,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论髋臼旋转截骨术可矫正头臼间异常的匹配关系,使疼痛得到缓解,并使骨性关节炎的过程得到有效遏制,是治疗髋臼发育不良合并早、中期骨性关节炎的理想术式。     

应用髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良32例分析

目的 :探讨髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良的临床效果。方法 :应用髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良 3 2例 (年龄组 14～ 2 1岁 ,平均年龄 17岁 ) ,从解剖结构上矫正髋臼发育不良。结果 :全部病例术后可使髋关节疼痛消失 ,功能改善 ,X线复查显示髋关节正常的解剖关系得以重建 ,恢复了髋臼和股骨头之间正常的匹配关系。结论 :髋臼旋转截骨术是从根本上治疗髋臼发育不良的有效方法。     

髋臼周围截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良

目的探讨髋臼周围截骨术治疗髋臼发育不良的方法及疗效。方法对36例髋臼发育不良患者(43髋)行手术治疗,通过髋臼周围截骨、旋转髋臼向前外侧移位恢复髋臼的正确位置,并增加髋臼覆盖面。结果 36例均获随访,时间6个月～3年。术后髋痛、跛行完全消失或有明显改善,髋关节活动范围基本正常。CE角和Sharp角均基本恢复正常。结论髋臼周围截骨术可有效改善临床症状,恢复髋关节的生物力学特点,是治疗髋臼发育不良的有效方法。     

髋臼发育不良动物模型的建立及其临床意义

目的探讨髋臼发育不良在先天性髋关节脱位发病过程中的意义。方法将１２只幼犬通过外科手术造成单侧髋关节脱位,术后３、４周通过大体标本、组织学及Ｘ线摄片,观察髋臼变化。结果术后３周幼犬实验性髋关节脱位侧即出现髋臼发育不良,髋臼上部呈斜坡状,髋臼浅,Ｘ线片上可见髋臼指数增大,由实验前平均１３２±１３度增大为平均２７８±１５度,组织学观察见髋臼软骨退行变化。结论髋臼发育不良为髋关节脱位的继发病变,不是髋关节脱位的原因;如果髋关节脱位或髋关节松驰得到及时治疗,髋臼发育不良可以恢复正常     

犬髋臼周围截骨后对髋关节软骨损伤的实验研究

1976年,Eppright设计并应用了髋臼旋转截骨术来治疗青少年及成人髋臼严重发育不良,或已继发早期骨性关节炎患者,但术后可造成髋臼缺血性坏死。1988年,Ganz对此术式进行改良,即髋臼周围截骨术。这一术式虽然对髋臼血供影响较小,但从理论上推测,术后髋臼血供也应减少而引起软骨组织损伤,经文献检索目前尚未见临床上有缺血性并发症的报道,也未见术后对软骨组织形态及生化方面的实验研究。本实验旨在探讨髋臼周围截骨术对髋关节软骨组织的影响程度。1 材料与方法1.1 动物模型制备 健康杂种犬12只,雌雄不分,年龄2～4岁,体重15～18kg。随机分为1、3、6月三组,每组4只。右侧髋关节为实验侧,左侧为对照侧。846合剂(动物化学保定剂,解放军农牧大学产)每公斤体重0.1ml肌注。麻醉生效后,右大腿及会阴区脱毛,消毒铺无菌巾,术式按Ganz描述的方法进行。即:髋关节前外侧入路,显露髋臼前后柱及髋臼底部。截骨先从髋前上下棘之间开始,而后转折向下纵形截断后柱,在髋臼底部截断部分坐骨支全部耻骨支。将已完全游离的截骨段,近端向前外侧远端向内侧旋转移位,增加股骨头覆盖,2枚克氏针固定。     

Diagnosis and therapy of hip dysplasia in the older child

Diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia is based on normal values of the acetabulum, but also criteria such as deficiency of the acetabular rim and an increased distance from the tear drop figure. Instability of the hip joint is seen in arthography. Acetabuloplasty is the way to treat it. Unstable joints will deteriorate, stable ones are frequently improving spontaneously. The technique of open reduction from an inguinal approach medial of the psoas muscle is described. There are many advantages. Simultaneous shortening osteotomy and acetabuloplasty to permit immediate movements out of the hip spica are recommended to avoid stiffening and contractures. Hip dysplasia is corrected by a lateral acetabuloplasty that levers down the acetabular roof in the triradiate cartilage. After consolidation of the cartilage triple pelvic osteotomy for acetabular rotation is the method to correct dysplasia in adolescents and adults. The closer the osteotomies are performed to the hip joint, the better rotation is possible. Our technique has proved successful now in 12 years.     

An incomplete periacetabular osteotomy for treatment of neuromuscular hip dysplasia

Standard innominate osteotomies that are recommended for treatment of the typical form of developmental dysplasia of the hip are not recommended for dysplasia associated with neuromuscular disorders. A periacetabular osteotomy that permitted accurate correction of the posterolateral acetabular deficiency was done on 40 patients (50 hips). The purpose of this study was to present the surgical technique, to evaluate whether it can improve acetablular dysplasia, and to provide stable hips. The patients had a mean age of 9.5 years at the time of surgery. The medial cortex of the ilium was left intact, whereas the supraacetabular and retroacetabular cancellous bone, and posterolateral cortical bone were cut. The posterior cut extended down to the triradiate cartilage, or through its former site, respectively. Forty-one hips were evaluated at a mean followup of 5.3 years (range, 2-11.7 years) after surgery. The mean acetabular index improved from 32 degrees preoperatively to 12 degrees at followup. The mean migration percentage improved from 77% to 13%. A redislocation or unstable hip occurred in two patients. According to caregivers, surgery improved personal care, positioning, and comfort. This osteotomy decreases the radius of the elongated acetabulum, provides coverage by articular cartilage particularly at the posterolateral aspect of the acetabulum, and preserves the entire medial wall of the ilium.     

Postoperative acetabular retroversion causes posterior osteoarthritis of the hip

We retrospectively reviewed 68 hips in 62 patients with acetabular dysplasia who underwent curved periacetabular osteotomy. Among the 68 hips, 33 had acetabular retroversion (retroversion group) and 35 had anteversion (control group) preoperatively. All hips were evaluated according to the Harris hip score. Radiographic evaluations of acetabular retroversion and posterior wall deficiency were based on the cross-over sign and posterior wall sign, respectively. The clinical scores of the two groups at the final follow-up were similar. In the retroversion group, 12 hips had anteverted acetabulum postoperatively. The posterior wall sign disappeared in these hips, but remained in 21 hips with retroverted acetabulum postoperatively. Among the 21 hips with retroverted acetabulum, posterior osteoarthritis of the hip developed postoperatively in five hips. When performing corrective osteotomy for a dysplastic hip with acetabular retroversion, it is important to correct the acetabular retroversion to prevent posterior osteoarthritis of the hip due to posterior wall deficiency.     

Rotational acetabular osteotomies: a rabbit model

We investigated the morphological changes in the articular cartilage after rotational acetabular osteotomy in 16 adolescent rabbits. Radiological and histological studies were conducted at 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. The radiological evaluations at 12 and 24 weeks showed significantly increased femoral head coverage. No cases of osteonecrosis of the acetabulum or femoral head nor narrowing of the joint space was observed. The histology of the articular cartilage at 12 weeks postoperatively showed cloning and hypercellularity of the chondrocytes in the medial portion of the acetabular roof, indicating remodelling due to the increased weight-bearing stress caused by the osteotomy. The histology at 24 weeks postoperatively showed less cloning of the chondrocytes, indicating that the remodelling process in the articular cartilage induced by this procedure was almost complete at 24 weeks. Degeneration of the articular cartilage was not observed within 24 weeks of the operation.     

Growth disturbance of the acetabulum by damage to the triradiate cartilage of rabbits

We made the following two experiments to know how the disturbed triradiate cartilage influences the growth of the innominate bone, particularly that of the acetabulum. Experiment 1: Damage to the anterior and posterior flanges of the triradiate cartilage. Experiment 2: Damage to the structures adjacent to the triradiate cartilage by drilling. As a result of these experiments, in Experiment 1 acetabular dysplasia and thickening of the inner wall of the acetabulum as reported in the past were seen and thickening of the outer cortex of the acetabular edge, irregular arrangement, decreases in number of hypertropic cells in growth plate, diminishing of bone formation, irregular hypertrophies of the trabecula were also noted in the whole acetabulum histologically. In Experiment 2, only the thickening of the inner wall of the acetabulum was seen. As described above the anterior and posterior flanges of the triradiate cartilage participate in acetabular growth and damaging makes the acetabulum small in size. While the femoral head grows normally, incongruity between the two occurs, so dislocation of the femoral head, acetabular dysplasia and thickening of the inner wall of the acetabulum are secondarily produced by the damage of articular cartilage or growth plate.     

A histological study of articular cartilage after rotational acetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia

Acetabular dysplasia was produced in 24 immature white rabbits. A rotational acetabular osteotomy was then carried out and radiological and histological studies of the articular cartilage were made.In the hips which did not undergo osteotomy, radiographs at 26 weeks showed that residual subluxation remained and arthritic changes such as narrowing of the joint space or dislocation were still seen. However, in the operated group there was a remarkable increase in cover, but arthritic changes were not observed. After 24 weeks, the Mankin grading score in the operated group was significantly lower than that in the non-operated group. The latter hips showed an irregular surface of the cartilage, exfoliation and proliferation of synovial tissue. In those undergoing osteotomy, primary cloning of chondrocytes or hypercellularity was seen and at 24 weeks after operation and metaplasia of the cartilage in the fibrous tissue was observed in the boundary between the medial area of the acetabulum and the acetabular fossa.     

Total hip replacement in the congenitally dysplastic hip

Total hip replacement arthroplasty can relieve pain and improve function for many patients with end-stage arthritis.Patients with congenital hip dysplasia, however, present special problems because of the deformities of the acetabulum and femur.Noncemented porous-coated hemispheric acetabular components available in small sizes, and small, straight-stemmed, cemented, femoral components can be used to deal with the bony deformities and have considerably expanded the success of total hip replacement in such patients.The acetabular dysplasia can be managed in most cases by reaming to the medial wall, inserting small-diameter, porous-coated, acetabular components and stabilizing them with screws to provide rigid initial stability. Small portions of the components can be covered with bone graft chips. If necessary, the acetabular component can be placed more proximal than normal, thus increasing the height of the prosthetic hip center, while restoring the limb length with a longer neck prosthesis. a high total dislocation without the development of an adequate false acetabulum, however, requires trochanteric osteotomy, femoral shortening, placement of the acetabular component in the true acetabulum, and the use of straight-stem femoral components.     

Rotational acetabular osteotomy for habitual hip dislocation with posterior acetabular wall deficiency in patients with Down syndrome

Hip dislocation associated with Down syndrome is relatively rare. Hip dislocation can progress to severe subluxation or habitual dislocation if the initial therapy is improperly performed. However, definitive treatment guidelines for conservative and surgical therapy for hip dislocation in patients with Down syndrome have not been established. This article describes a case of a 12-year-old girl with Down syndrome with nontraumatic habitual hip dislocation. Her hip joint was associated with acetabular dysplasia and hypoplasia of the posterior acetabular wall. Although conservative therapy was initially performed, no effects were observed. Rotational acetabular osteotomy and capsular plication were performed to reconstruct the posterior acetabular wall. No postoperative redislocation occurred, and the treatment effects were favorably sustained for 2 years. In Down syndrome, few cases of developmental dysplasia and hypoplasia of the posterior acetabular wall have been reported. In previous reports, these morphological abnormalities were rarely taken into consideration when determining the treatment strategy, and to our knowledge, no other reports demonstrate therapy involving rotational acetabular osteotomy for hip dislocation complicated with Down syndrome. Whether the acetabulum had posterior wall deficiency was thought to be important for conservative and surgical therapies in hip dislocation in patients with Down syndrome. Rotational acetabular osteotomy could be an effective surgical procedure for reconstruction of the acetabulum by posterolateral rotation of the osteotomized acetabulum.     

Hip-shelf procedure in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the transpositioned acetabulum after rotational acetabular osteotomy

Necrosis of the transpositioned acetabulum after rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is a major complication characteristic of this procedure. This complication, although rare, has been thought difficult to treat. We report a patient with acetabular osteonecrosis and subsequent collapse after RAO that was effectively treated with a shelf operation, providing satisfactory remodeling of the hip joint. A 16-year-old female had undergone RAO for the treatment of developmental acetabular dysplasia. Postoperative radiography showed that the osteotomized acetabular fragment was unusually thin, and that the osteotome entered the hip joint during the surgery. Five months after the RAO, X-rays revealed significant collapse of the transpositioned acetabulum, and femoral head subluxation caused by postoperative osteonecrosis. Seven months after the RAO, the patient underwent a hip-shelf procedure. The remaining acetabular fragment was used in this procedure, according to the Spitzy method. Seven years after the second operation, favorable remodeling of the hip joint was observed; however, early osteoarthritic changes, including slight joint space narrowing, bone sclerosis of the new acetabulum, and bone cysts within the femoral head, were seen. Received: November 30, 2000 / Accepted: April 16, 2001     

全髋置换术中应用髋臼内壁环形截骨术治疗成人髋臼发育不良

目的评价全髋置换中应用髋臼内壁环形截骨固定非骨水泥髋臼杯治疗成人髋臼发育不良的疗效。方法对29例髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎患者(29髋)在全髋置换术中应用髋臼内壁环形截骨术。手术指征为术前X线髋臼覆盖率70%。非骨水泥髋臼杯全部安放在真臼位置,附加操作:软组织松解17髋,治疗性股骨截骨2髋,结构性植骨1髋,股骨短缩3髋。手术前后进行临床及X线参数评价。结果患者均获得随访,时间4~8年。Harris评分从术前36~75(68.4±8.49)分提高到85~100(92.2±4.05)分(P0.05);其中优25髋,良4髋。影像学观察髋臼内壁截骨处愈合时间3~5个月,术后6~12个月时骨重塑。X线检查显示没有无菌性松动和透亮线,真臼固定稳定。结论在非骨水泥全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良中,应用髋臼内壁环形截骨术可以提供良好的髋臼位置、足够的髋臼覆盖及保留足够内壁厚度,并且无需植骨。