培哚普利与氯沙坦治疗心力衰竭对心室重构的影响

目的　观察培哚普利与氯沙坦联合治疗老年性慢性心力衰竭 (CHF)对心室重构与血脑利钠肽 (BNP)水平的影响。方法　心衰患者随机分为培哚普利组与培哚普利加氯沙坦组。在治疗前及治疗后 3个月测定心功能与左室内径等指标 ,并测定血浆BNP含量的变化。结果　BNP与NYHA分级、LVEDD、LVESD呈正相关 ;与LVEF增加呈负相关。培哚普利加氯沙坦组LVEDD、LVESD下降显著 ,LVEF增加明显 ,与培哚普利组比较有显著差异性 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　培哚普利加氯沙坦治疗老年CHF较单独应用培哚普利治疗能更好地改善心衰 ,预防左室重构、降低血浆BNP水平。     

坎地沙坦与培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及左室重塑的影响

将120例慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者随机分为A、B、C三组各40例,三均予CHF常规治疗.在此基础上,A组口服培哚普利、B组口服坎地沙坦、C组同时口服坎地沙坦及培哚普利,疗程均为36周.观察治疗前后心功能、超声心动图指标变化.结果治疗后各组心功能均明显改善,但临床疗效组间比较无显著差异(P＞0.05);各组左室舒张末内径(LVEDd)、左室质量指数(LVMI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和心胸比例均较治疗前改善(P＜0.05),尤以C组更明显.认为培哚普利及坎地沙坦均可改善CHF心功能并能有效抑制及逆转心室重塑,两者联用疗效更好,且不良反应不增加.     

培哚普利对老年人急性心肌梗死后校正QT离散度的影响

目的 探讨老年人急性心肌梗死(AMI)后的校正QT离散度(QTcd)改变及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)--培哚普利(雅施达)的影响.方法 用随机双盲法将1996年1月至1998年12月收治的52例老年急性心肌梗死患者分为治疗组26例和安慰剂组26例,分别给予培哚普利及安慰剂口服治疗6周,并对治疗前后的QTcd、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血醛固酮(Ald)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和室壁运动指数(WMI)进行检测分析.结果 老年AMI患者的QTcd、AngⅡ、Ald及WMI均明显升高,LVEF下降.经培哚普利治疗后,QTcd、AngⅡ、Ald及WMI均明显下降,LVEF改善.QTcd与AngⅡ、Ald及WMI存在明显的正相关性(r=0.418,P＜0.01;r=0.215,P＜0.05;r=0.487,P＜0.01),QTcd与LVEF存在负相关(r=-0.372,P＜0.01).结论 老年AMI患者QTcd明显升高;培哚普利能改善QTcd,可能与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统及心功能有关.     

缬沙坦联合培哚普利治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效及安全性

目的探讨缬沙坦联合培哚普利治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的临床疗效及安全性。方法54例CHF患者,男34例,女20例,平均年龄55岁,心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级,平均左室射血分数(LVEF)35.6%,随机分为缬沙坦联合培哚普利的观察组和培哚普利加安慰剂的对照组。缬沙坦40mg/d,培哚普利从小剂量开始使用,只要能耐受,尽可能递增到8～10mg/d。治疗前及治疗12周以后,二组的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏量(SV)、心脏指数(CI)及6min步行距离进行比较。结果二组患者治疗后LVEF、SV、CI及6min步行距离较治疗前显著提高。治疗后观察组LVEF、SV、及6min步行距离较治疗前显著提高。结论与单独应用培哚普利治疗CHF相比,缬沙坦联合培哚普利治疗可显著提高CHF患者活动耐量,改善心功能。     

运动训练对老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及预后的影响

目的:探讨康复运动训练对老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心功能和预后的影响。方法:82例老年冠心病CHF患者被随机均分为常规治疗组(接受CHF常规治疗)和运动康复组(在常规治疗基础上接受运动康复训练)。比较两组治疗前后每搏量(SV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6min步行距离(6MWD)及NYHA心功能分级的变化,随访12月,比较两组因CHF再次住院率和心源性死亡率。结果:治疗前两组SV、LVEF、6MWD及心功能分级差异无显著性(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组SV、LVEF和6MWD均显著增加,NYHA心功能分级均显著降低,P均0.01。与常规治疗组比较,治疗后运动康复组SV[(50.8±5.9)ml比(58.6±6.2)ml],LVEF[(44.9±6.7)%比(50.2±7.2)%]和6MWD[(139.7±18.9)m比(175.2±21.4)m]显著增加,NYHA心功能分级[(2.1±0.5)级比(1.7±0.6)级]显著降低,P均0.01。随访12个月期间,运动康复组因CHF再住院率显著低于常规治疗组(9.8%比26.8%),P0.05。结论:运动康复训练可改善老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者的心脏功能,提高运动耐力,改善预后,有临床推广应用价值。     

培哚普利联合坎地沙坦治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的疗效研究

目的探索培哚普利联合坎地沙坦治疗老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的效果及其对患者内皮素-1(ET-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)浓度和左心室重构的影响。方法将入选的120例老年CHF患者采取随机数字表法分成培哚普利组、坎地沙坦组和联合用药组各40例,患者均给予常规抗CHF治疗,在此基础上,培哚普利组给予培哚普利治疗,坎地沙坦组给予坎地沙坦治疗,联合用药组则联合应用上述2种药物,均治疗8周,检测各组治疗前后ET-1、IL-6、MMP-9浓度及左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、室间隔厚度(IVST)及左室后壁厚度(LVPW)。结果联合用药组治疗后血清ET-1、IL-6、MMP-9浓度分别为(156.34±13.22)ng/ml、(131.20±10.76)ng/L、(256.45±18.21)μg/L,均较治疗前显著降低,且与培哚普利组和坎地沙坦组治疗后比较有统计学差异(P均0.05);培哚普利组和坎地沙坦组治疗后上述指标均较治疗前显著降低,但2组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05);联合用药组患者治疗后LVEDD、LVESD、IVST及LVPW分别为(47.74±4.21)mm、(38.89±3.49)mm、(7.55±0.58)mm、(7.35±0.71)mm,均较治疗前显著减少,LVEF为(50.43±6.55)%,较治疗前显著增加,且与培哚普利组和坎地沙坦组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);培哚普利组和坎地沙坦组治疗后上述指标均较治疗前变化明显,但2组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。联合用药组患者心功能改善有效率(90.00%)显著高于培哚普利组(72.50%)和坎地沙坦组(75.00%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3组患者治疗期间均未发生明显不良反应,且血糖、尿常规、电解质及肝肾功能检查均无明显变化。结论培哚普利和坎地沙坦单用于治疗老年CHF均能取得显著疗效,2者疗效相当,但联合应用效果更好,值得临床借鉴。     

培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗慢性心力衰竭对神经内分泌的影响

目的观察培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者对其神经内分泌系统的影响,以及治疗的有效性和安全性。方法选取2013年1月~2014年10月于武汉大学中南医院心内科住院的CHF患者40例,其中男性22例,女性18例。根据射血分数分为射血分数减少(HF-REF)组,共20例;射血分数正常(HF-PEF)组,共20例。两组患者均接受心力衰竭标准化治疗,在此基础上均接受培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗4周。比较两组治疗前后N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)、肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和醛固酮(Adlo)的水平和左室射血分数(LVEF)变化,并记录治疗的安全性。结果两组患者年龄、性别比例、体质指数、心功能分级等比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。HF-REF组治疗后较治疗前NT-pro BNP、PRA、AngⅡ水平均下降,LVEF升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与HF-PEF组比较,HF-REF组治疗后NT-pro BNP[(457.87±103.23)pg/ml vs.(785.76±73.45)pg/ml]升高,PRA[(17.92±5.37)ng(ml·h)vs.(9.81±6.94)ng(ml·h)]、AngⅡ[(78.28±18.89)pg/ml vs.(63.28±20.31)pg/ml]、LVEF[(65.15±3.54)%vs.(56.51±7.42)%]降低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗射血分数减少的慢性心力衰竭患者,可以有效改善PRA、AngⅡ水平,并且安全性较好。     

培哚普利对老年充血性心力衰竭患者血清炎性细胞因子的影响

目的 观察培哚普利对老年充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF—α)、白细胞介素—1(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的影响．方法 放免法检测53例老年CHF患者(培哚普利组28例，常规治疗组25例)治疗前后及25例健康老年人血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL—6水平．结果 老年CHF患者血清中TNF—α、IL-1β、IL—6水平显著高于对照组(P＜0．01)，且随着心功能损害程度加重而升高，TNF—α、IL—6水平在心功能各组间比较有显著性差异(P＜0．05)，IL—1β水平在心功Ⅳ级显著高于心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ级(P＜0．05)．培哚普利组与常规治疗组老年CHF治疗后血清炎性细胞因子浓度均有明显降低，但培哚普利组TNF—α、IL-1β、IL—6水平下降更为明显(P＜0．05)。结论 血清中TNF—α、IL—1β、IL-6水平可反映心力衰竭的程度；培哚普利可明显降低老年CHF患者血清TNF—α、IL-1β、IL—6水平，从而保护和改善心脏功能．     

伊贝沙坦联合培哚普利治疗充血性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的 :探讨伊贝沙坦联合培哚普利治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)的临床疗效。方法 :6 4例CHF患者随机分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组 34例给予伊贝沙坦 15 0mg/d ,培哚普利 4mg/d ;对照组给予培哚普利 4mg/d及安慰剂治疗。两组基础治疗类同 ,疗程 6个月。观察治疗前后两组患者的临床症状 ,超声心动图心功能指标 ,6min步行距离的变化及不良反应。结果 :治疗后 ,治疗组临床总有效率为 88.2 4 % ,对照组总有效率为80 .0 0 % ;两组治疗前后相比左室射血分数 (LVEF)、每搏量、心脏指数 (CI)、6min步行距离均有显著改善 (P <0 .0 1) ,治疗组LVEF、CI及 6min步行距离的改善优于对照组。结论 :伊贝沙坦联合培哚普利治疗CHF可以增强疗效。     

坎地沙坦及培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭心功能及左室重塑的影响

目的探讨单用或联合应用坎地沙坦、培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心功能及左心室重构的影响。方法105例CHF病人在常规治疗基础上随机分为3组,坎地沙坦组35例,加用坎地沙坦4～8mg/d;培哚普利组35例,加用培哚普利4mg/d;坎地沙坦加培哚普利联合治疗组35例,培哚普利4mg/d及坎地沙坦4～8mg/d。疗程均为24周。测定治疗前、后病人的心率、血压、心功能分级,左室舒张末内径(LVEDd)、左室质量指数(LVMI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和心胸比例。结果治疗24周末各组心功能均明显改善,但组间比较差异无统计学差异(P>0.05);各组LVEDd、LVMI、LVEF、心胸比例均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且联合治疗组更明显。结论培哚普利及坎地沙坦可改善CHF患者的心功能并能有效抑制及逆转CHF的心室重塑,两者联合治疗安全有效,且疗效优于单药治疗。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.