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1.
Bengi-Arslan L Verhulst FC Crijnen AA 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2002,37(3):118-124
Background The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of and risk and protective factors for minor psychiatric disorder in a
general population sample of Turkish immigrants living in the Netherlands. Methods Minor psychiatric disorder was assessed with the 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire. Demographic, immigration,
social and support, and stress related variables were assessed with the Turkish Immigrant Assessment Questionnaire. The study
sample was a randomly selected sample of 262 male and 523 female Turkish immigrants. Results Of all immigrants, 33.4 % experience minor psychiatric disorder with more females (36.1 %) than males (27.9 %) with disorder.
For males, unemployment is a strong risk factor, whereas for females the burden of additional tasks (physical illness and
inclusion of family members) in the household increases the risk for psychiatric disorder. For both males and females, however,
the quality of the relationship with their partner in addition to enduring stresses around housing and finances are associated
with elevated risks. Conclusions The incidence of minor psychiatric disorder in this sample of Turkish immigrants living in the Netherlands is higher than
the incidence normally found in general population samples. The expression of somatic complaints around ‘tightness’ should
alert physicians to further explore symptoms of minor psychiatric disorder and to examine sources of distress stemming from
the partner relationship, the family, work and from poor housing and financial conditions.
Accepted: 22 November 2001 相似文献
2.
Brynska A Tomaszewicz-Libudzic E Wolanczyk T 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2001,10(3):200-204
Two children presenting symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and with acquired toxoplasmosis are described and
the possibility of a previously rarely reported association between OCD and acquired toxoplasmosis is discussed. Case 1 is
a 14-year-old boy with Tourette syndrome (TS), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in partial remission and a
three-year history of OCD referred to our department due to an acute deterioration of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms.
Case 2 is an 11-year-old boy referred to our department because of a two-year history of OCD. The OC symptoms were observed
immediately following an infection. In both cases laboratory tests confirmed the diagnosis of acquired toxoplasmosis. The
pharmacological therapy of T.gondi infection without any psychopharmacological treatment caused remission or significant improvement regarding OC symptoms.
Accepted: 6 March 2001 相似文献
3.
Kjelsberg E 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2002,11(1):2-9
A nationwide sample of 1,079 Norwegian adolescent psychiatric in-patients, 581 males and 498 females, were followed up after
11–33 (mean 23.2) years. On the basis of detailed records from index hospitalisation they were re-diagnosed and retrospectively
scored on 14 of the 15 behaviour items listed as diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder in DSM-IV. The patient list was
linked to the national criminal registry, and 48 % were found to have a criminal record.
The ability of the 14 behaviour items to identify overall and specific kinds of registered criminality was investigated. In
males, “stealing” was the strongest marker for overall and violent crime. “Having forced someone into sexual activity” was
a strong marker for later sex offences. In females, “running away from home” was strongly associated with overall and violent
registered criminality.
ROC curves were constructed to test the sensitivity and specificity of the sum of conduct disorder behaviour items fulfilled
in the identification of individuals with registered criminality. The area under the curve was 0.81 (95 % c. i. = 0.78–0.85)
in males and 0.75 (95 % c. i. = 0.71–0.80) in females. A cut-off at 3 criteria fulfilled seemed optimal in males and somewhat
high in females.
Accepted: 17 May 2001 相似文献
4.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with conversion disorder in Eastern Turkey
Kuloglu M Atmaca M Tezcan E Gecici O Bulut S 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2003,38(2):88-93
Background: Conversion disorder (CD) is a common disease and its importance still continues in Turkey and particularly in Eastern Turkey.
The aim of this study is to examine sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of CD. Method: Among 198 consecutive patients having CD diagnosed by structured DSM-III-R clinical interview, the psychosocial characteristics
of the patients were clinically investigated. Results: The most common subtype of CD was non-epileptic seizure (NES) (41.4 %). The psychosocial stress factors were found in the
initiation or at the last episode of the disorder (88.9 %). The most prominent problem related with primary support group
was traumatic event (37.9 %) followed by problems associated with migration and related economical problems which are the
most important problems of the study area. The incidence of depressive disorders was high in patients with CD, and the histrionic
personality disorder was the most prominent personality pathology among the patients. Direct referral to psychiatry clinics
appeared to be low (12.1 %). Conclusion: Our findings have shown that traumatic events may have an important role in the occurrence, severity and duration of CD,
and most of the patients seek help from religious healers. The study has also revealed that lower education level and socioeconomic
and sociocultural problems may play a role in the occurrence of the disorder as well as regarding its course.
Accepted: 13 August 2002
Correspondence to Murat Kuloglu, MD 相似文献
5.
K. Mildenberger S. Sitter M. Noterdaeme H. Amorosa 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2001,10(4):248-255
Children with infantile autism and children with a specific receptive language disorder often show similar behavioural problems,
making the differentiation between these two diagnostic categories difficult. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the
usefulness of parental information in the differential diagnosis of the two types of disorders mentioned above. Sixteen children
with a receptive language disorder and 11 children with infantile autism participated in the study. All children had normal
non-verbal IQs. The ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised) was performed with all children. The results showed that the
ADI-R items reflecting behavioural features at pre-school age (age range 4–5 years) were better suited to differentiate the
groups than the items reflecting behavioural features at the time of the investigation (mean age: 9 years). The items on the
dimension “Reciprocal social interaction” and “Communication and language” discriminated the groups better than the items
of the dimension “Restricted interests”. According to the ICD-10 algorithm of the ADI-R one child with autism and one child
with a receptive language disorder were falsely classified. These false classifications were mainly due to a distorted parental
perception of the child's behaviour. The ADI-R is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of developmental disorders.
Accepted: 27 April 2001 相似文献
6.
Sobanski E Marcus A Hennighausen K Hebebrand J Schmidt MH 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》1999,8(4):312-314
The study explores the common clinical impression and previously reported finding by Hebebrand et al. (7) of reduced body
weight in male children and adolescents with Asperger's disorder (AD). Body weight and height of 36 consecutively admitted
male patients with AD were retrospectively assessed for the calculation of body mass indices (BMI, kg/m2). The BMIs were transformed to percentile ranks and plotted into BMI-centiles representative for the German population. In
addition, comorbid psychopathology was assessed to explore a possible relationship between associated psychopathology and
body weight. The mean BMI-centile of all patients was 34.7 ± 31.8 and, thus, differed significantly from the mean centile
of an age- and gender-matched psychiatric control group, which was 52.7 ± 28.3. Thirteen patients had a BMI below the 10th
centile and five even below the third. Three of the latter presented with disturbed eating behaviour. Altogether four patients
showed disturbed eating behaviour. They had a significantly lower mean BMI-centile than the rest of the group. The BMI-centiles
of patients with other additional psychopathology did not differ significantly from the mean percentile of the whole cohort.
The results clearly show an increased risk for underweight and disturbed eating behaviour in patients with Asperger's disorder
which should be evaluated in further studies.
Accepted: 26 January 1999 相似文献
7.
Noterdaeme M Mildenberger K Minow F Amorosa H 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2002,11(5):219-225
Several studies have described problems in motor functions in children with autism and children with a specific speech and
language disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify neuromotor deficits in these neurodevelopmentally impaired children.
A standardised neurological examination was performed in 11 children with childhood autism, 11 children with an expressive
language disorder, 11 children with a receptive language disorder and 11 control children. The children were matched for age
and non-verbal IQ, not for gender. All children had a non-verbal IQ above 85. The neurological examination procedure allowed
for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of five specific neurological subsystems: fine and gross motor functions, balance,
coordination and oral motor functions. The high-functioning children with autism and the children with a specific language
disorder (expressive or receptive) had more motor problems than the control children on most neurological subsystems. There
were few statistically significant differences between the three groups of developmentally impaired children. The frequent
co-occurrence of verbal and non-verbal, in particular neuromotor, deficits in developmentally impaired children put an additional
burden on the development of these children and should be diagnosed as early as possible.
Accepted: 8 May 2002
The research was funded by grant AM 63/4–2 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Correspondence to Dr. M. Noterdaeme 相似文献
8.
Noterdaeme M Sitter S Mildenberger K Amorosa H 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2000,9(4):295-300
Children with autism and children with a severe specific receptive language disorder both show clear deficits in communicative
language skills and in social relationships. In this study the usefulness of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)
in the differential diagnosis between these two groups of developmentally impaired children is assessed. 11 children with
early infantile autism and 20 children with a specific receptive language disorder participated in the study. 18 children
with an expressive language disorder were used as a control group. The ADOS was individually administered to all children
by the same examiner. The results showed that on most of the ADOS measures the autistic children were clearly more deviant
than the language impaired children. There were no significant differences between the two groups of language impaired children.
Eight out of 11 autistic children reached the defined cut-off values on the measures “language and communication” and “social
interaction” of the ADOS algorithm, whereas only three autistic children did so on the measure “stereotyped behaviour”. None
of the language-impaired children reached the cut-off values on more than one measure. The ADOS allowed for good assessment
of certain types of behaviour. However, to confirm the diagnosis of infantile autism, additional information from parents
is required.
Accepted: 15 February 2000 相似文献
9.
Zappella M 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2002,11(1):18-23
Early-onset Tourette syndrome comorbid with reversible autistic behaviour is described in twelve young males. After a normal
gestation, delivery and first-year development, regression set in between the age of one and two with loss of various abilities
and the emergence of autistic behaviour. At this time, or slightly later, they showed multiple motor and vocal tics, simple
and complex: the latter could also be traced to most of their parents. Following an intervention based on intense cuddling,
motor activation and paedagogic guidance, these children's abilities rapidly improved, reaching at follow-up a normal or borderline
intellectual functioning and with the disappearance of their initial autistic behaviour. At follow-up tics were present in
all, usually with the features of a full-blown Tourette syndrome, often comorbid with ADHD, and in some cases with OCD.
Accepted: 6 June 2001 相似文献
10.
Militerni R Bravaccio C Falco C Fico C Palermo MT 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2002,11(5):210-218
Introduction: Repetitive behaviors are common in autistic disorder, as in other developmental disabilities. Behaviors as diverse as stereotypies,
cognitive inflexibility, and a need for sameness are grouped together under DSM IV classification, even though they are diverse
in phenomenology, underlying neural circuitry, and possible clinical significance. In order to better define repetitive behaviors,
we studied the relationship between such behaviors and chronological age, developmental level, estimated IQ, presumed mood
state, severity of illness, as well as behavior reactivity to environmental stimuli, in a group of 121 consecutive autistic
children, aged 2–4 and 7–11 years. Results: Younger autistic children displayed more motor and sensory repetitive behaviors. Older children had more complex behaviors.
Children with higher IQ scores, likewise, demonstrated more complex repetitive behaviors. Most motor behaviors and self injury
showed features of reactivity. Conclusions: Certain “repetitive” activities may not represent core features of autistic disorder and may be equivalent to normal motor
and cognitive behaviors, as seen during typical development.
Accepted: 28 August 2002
Correspondence to Mark T. Palermo, MD 相似文献
11.
Background: The literature on the primary care assessment of mental distress among Indian sub-continent origin patients suggests frequent
presentations to general practitioner, but rarely for recognisable psychiatric disorders. This study investigates whether
cultural variations in patients' causal explanatory models account for cultural variations in the assessment of non-psychotic
mental disorders in primary care. Methods In a two-phase survey, 272 Punjabi and 269 English subjects were screened. The second phase was completed by 209 and 180
subjects, respectively. Causal explanatory models were elicited as explanations of two vignette scenarios. One of these emphasised
a somatic presentation and the other anxiety symptoms. Psychiatric disorder was assessed by GPs on a Likert scale and by a
psychiatrist on the Clinical Interview Schedule. Results Punjabis more commonly expressed medical/somatic and religious beliefs. General practitioners were more likely to assess
any subject giving psychological explanations to vignette A and English subjects giving religious explanations to vignette
B as having a significant psychiatric disorder. Where medical/somatic explanations of distress were most prevalent in response
to the somatic vignette, psychological, religious and work explanations were less prevalent among Punjabis but not among English
subjects. Causal explanations did not fully explain cultural differences in assessments. Conclusions General practitioners' assessments and causal explanations are related and influenced by culture, but causal explanations
do not fully explain cultural differences in assessments.
Accepted: 18 September 2001 相似文献
12.
Rubio-Stipec M Walker A Murphy J Fitzmaurice G 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2002,37(12):553-560
Objectives: We sought to develop a ranking scheme that assigns a probability of having one of four psychiatric disorders to children
based on their scores on a symptom scale. We then estimated the impact of each scale symptom on the prevalence of the disorder
in the population. Method: Logistic regressions were specified for ADHD, ODD, depressive, and conduct disorders using all the individual symptoms in
the pertinent scale as predictors. Individual fitted values from the regression function then served as a probability scale
measure. We combined the prevalence and influence of each scale symptom to calculate its overall impact on the prevalence
of the disorder. Results: Probability distributions had a wide range of values and discriminated between cases and non-cases. Those having a disorder
were consistently associated with higher probabilities in the scale. The estimated probability corresponds to the empiric
prevalence of the diagnosis in a group of persons sharing the same estimated probabilities. Symptoms varied on their impact
on the prevalence of the disorder. Conclusions: We recommend the estimated probability of the disorder based on the empirically defined scales as dimensional measures that
complement prevalence of the disorder. Different symptoms are identified as targets for screening when selection is based
on their impact on the prevalence of the disorder than when selection is based on the strength of the association with the
disorder. We recommend using a common nosology with different classification schemes; the categorical definition of the disorder,
the probability of having the disorder, and the impact of each symptom in the prevalence. Different measures serve different
purposes.
Accepted: 5 April 2002
Correspondence to Maritza Rubio-Stipec 相似文献
13.
Lehtinen V Michalak E Wilkinson C Dowrick C Ayuso-Mateos JL Dalgard OS Casey P Vázquez-Barquero JL Wilkinson G;ODIN Group 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2003,38(6):283-289
Background: In an earlier paper of the European multi-centre ODIN study (Ayuso-Mateos et al. 2001) we found remarkable urban preponderance
in comparison to the corresponding rural site in the female prevalence of depressive disorder in the UK and Ireland. The aim
of this paper is to analyse the possible reasons for this finding. Method: A representative sample of 12,702 people aged between 18 and 64 residing in specified urban and rural areas were screened
by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depressive disorder in four European countries (Finland, Ireland, Norway and the
UK). Those over cut-off (BDI score < 12) and a 5 % random sample of those under cut-off underwent diagnostic interview including
the SCAN version 2.0, and completed a battery of additional research instruments. Results: The estimated 1-month prevalence of depressive disorder according to ICD-10 was 9 % in the total ODIN sample. A large between-country
variation was found in female urban prevalence, with Ireland (Dublin) and the UK (Liverpool) having a remarkably high rate.
The women in these same countries showed a significant urban/rural difference, whereas in men and in the total sample this
difference was non-significant. Logistic regression analysis including some selected risk factors of depression showed still
higher risk of depressive disorder both in Dublin and Liverpool compared with the Finnish urban site (Turku), which had the
lowest urban prevalence. In addition, also such factors as lack of confidant and having difficulties in getting practical
help from neighbours were important predictors of depressive disorder. Similarly, when analysing the different countries separately,
the significance of the urban/rural difference in women remained for Ireland and the UK, indicating that the other risk factors
studied could not totally explain the difference. Conclusions: ODIN is the first European study on occurrence of depressive disorder in both urban and rural settings allowing closer analysis
of the urban/rural differences. The most striking result was the large urban/rural difference in women in the two countries
from the British Isles which could not be totally explained by the socio-demographic factors included in this study.
Accepted: 20 November 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Andres Arriaga, Lourdes Aznar, Trygve Borve, Alfonso de la Calle, Maria Carnicero, Emma del Castillo, Graham Dunn, Mette
Finne, Fiona Ford, Clare Hayes, Andres Herran, Ann Horgan, Fiona Johnstone, Nicola Jones, Tarja Koffert, Marja Lehtil?, Catherine
McDonagh, Christine Murphy, Anne Navra, Teija Nummelin, Armando Oviedo, Helen Page, Helena Rasi-Hakala and Britta Sohlman
Correspondence to Ville Lehtinen 相似文献
14.
Ahmad A Sofi MA Sundelin-Wahlsten V von Knorring AL 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2000,9(4):235-243
Five years after the military operation “Anfal” in Iraqi Kurdistan, 45 families were randomly selected among the survivors
in two displacement camps. The Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms for Children (PTSS-C) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ)
were administered to the oldest child and the caregiver in each family, respectively. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
was reported in 87% of children and 60% of their caregivers. While childhood PTSD was only significantly predicted by child
trauma score and the duration of captivity, it was neither predicted by maternal PTSD nor did it disappear after the reunion
with the PTSD-free father. However, the small sample size makes the results hypotheses rather than conclusive.
Accepted: 17 April 2000 相似文献
15.
Weindrich D Jennen-Steinmetz C Laucht M Esser G Schmidt MH 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2000,9(3):186-194
Data from a prospective longitudinal study on the development of children born at biological and psychosocial risk were utilised
to examine language and learning abilities of 320 children at ages 4.5 and 8 years. Following the research criteria of the
ICD-10, specific developmental disorders of speech and language and specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills
were diagnosed. Data were also provided for a clinical and general low achievement group according to less stringent criteria.
Frequencies in the risk population were low for specific disorders (ICD-10) (0.6%–3.7% depending on age and type of disorder).
Higher frequencies were found when a clinical definition (0.6%–13.6%) or overall low achievement score (0.6%–18.6%) was chosen.
The impact of well-documented organic and psychosocial risks was analysed. Organic risk affected language abilities at 4.5 years
of age but neither language nor learning abilities at 8 years of age. Psychosocial aspects of a child's environment proved
to be associated with both specific language and learning abilities. Stability of language disorders, association between
language and reading/spelling disorders as well as gender effects were investigated.
Accepted: 17 December 1999 相似文献
16.
Reliability and validity of a child-specific cross-cultural instrument for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ahmad A Sundelin-Wahlsten V Sofi MA Qahar JA von Knorring AL 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2000,9(4):285-294
The Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children (PTSS-C) was developed as a cross-cultural semi-structured interview to diagnose
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to identify PTSD-non-related posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after various
traumatic experiences. The psychometric properties were studied in two different child populations in Iraqi Kurdistan (the
survivors of the military operation “Anfal”, and the orphans), in a sample of Kurdistanian refugee children in Sweden, and
in a comparison sample of Swedish children. The instrument yielded satisfactory internal consistency, high interrater agreement,
and excellent validity on cross-validation with the Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (CPTSD-RI) and the
Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-IV).
Accepted: 14 March 2000 相似文献
17.
Place M Martin E Hildreth AJ Wilson J Hulsmeier J 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》1999,8(4):255-259
The Ontario Child Health Scale (OCHS) was one of the first scales to seek to assess a broad range of formally defined psychiatric
disorders using a checklist format. The performance of the teacher version of this instrument is reported in a UK population
of children attending a special educational provision for emotionally and behaviourally disordered (EBD) pupils. Against DSM-IV
criteria the instrument proved to have retained its convergent and discriminant validity, although it was somewhat less effective
in detecting internalising disorders and discriminating oppositional defiance from other behavioural disorders. Overall the
results confirm the usefulness of this instrument as a screening tool in a UK population.
Accepted: 8 March 1999 相似文献
18.
We report an 18-year-old female with a diagnosis of DSM-IV Autistic Disorder and moderate to severe mental retardation who
was discovered to have a previously undescribed chromosomal abnormality 46, XX, duplication (4) p12–p13. We discuss her history
and diagnosis, noting that the co-occurrence of her diagnoses have not previously been documented. The report adds to the
literature supporting the argument that individuals with autistic spectrum disorders should be re-examined for chromosomal
abnormalities.
Accepted: 17 April 2000 相似文献
19.
Dhondt TD Beekman AT Deeg DJ Van Tilburg W 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2002,37(8):393-398
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the use of medication and depression in the elderly. Method A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted. Associations between the use of medication and depression are corrected
for eight other etiological correlates of depression. The sample consisted of 2646 elderly people living in 11 municipalities
in the Netherlands. Subjects were taken from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a 10-year longitudinal study on predictors
and consequences of changes in well-being and autonomy in the older population. Associations are expressed in odds ratios
(95 % Confidence Intervals) between the use of (groups of) medication and depression. Results are adjusted for age, sex, urbanicity,
socioeconomic status, physical health, social and interpersonal support, comorbidity with other psychiatric disease and personality.
The Population Attributable Risk percentage was calculated for selected groups of medication. Results After correction for competing risk factors of depression, 22 individual medications and nine groups of medications had unique
associations with depression. Conclusions The use of depressogenic medication is an independent etiological factor in the pathogenesis of depression.
Accepted: 25 April 2002 相似文献
20.
Huss M Poustka F Lehmkuhl G Lehmkuhl U 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》2008,115(2):335-339
Summary
Objective. To evaluate long-term effects of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in ADHD children on the development of nicotine use disorders
(SUD-N).
Methods. Multisite retrospective non-randomised longitudinal study with 215 ADHD children (diagnosis at 9.2 years of age; reassessment
for SUD-N at 21.9 years of age) strictly parallel allocated to MPH treated (n = 106) and drug naive (n = 109) children.
Results. There was no difference between the groups with respect to frequency (84% MPH; 89% non-MPH; χ2 = 1.6; p = 0.21) and age of onset for first cigarette smoking (log rank 1.68; p = 0.19). Continuous smoking was reached by 51% (MPH) and 61% (non-MPH) of the patients. Survival analyses revealed a small
and nominally significant delay in age of onset for continuous smoking in the MPH-group (log rank = 3.85; p = 0.049). Nicotine dependency was reached by 20% (MPH) and 27% (non-MPH). Age of onset does not differ between groups (log
rank = 2.24; p = 0.13).
Discussion. Limited evidence due to the non-randomised nature of the study is given that MPH does not induce SUD-N. The data suggests
there may be a beneficial effect of MPH on delay of onset for continuous nicotine consumption in ADHD patients.
Correspondence: Michael Huss, Head of Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr.
1, 55131 Mainz, Germany 相似文献