多层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的 研究多层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的临床应用，着重研究亚段肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法 共34例，下肢深静脉血栓16例，近期大手术史11例，肺癌1例，不明原因6例。34例均使用GE Light Speed Plus多层螺旋CT(MSCT)行平扫及造影增强扫描，1次采集4层图像。结果 分析34例共1824支肺动脉分支，其中507支肺动脉分支显示了栓塞，占27．8％。在680支肺段动脉中，246支显示了栓塞，占36．2％；而亚段肺动脉1041支中，141支显示了栓塞，占13．5％。平扫肺动脉栓塞的间接征象为肺纹理稀少19例，肺动脉高压2例，胸水16例，胸膜下梗死灶共41个，梗死灶多发11例，单发12例，双肺6例。1例慢性栓塞栓子钙化，极为少见。造影增强后肺动脉栓塞的直接征象为不同程度的肺动脉分支充盈缺损。充盈缺损有4种表现形式：中心型57支，偏心型160支，附壁血栓131支，完全阻塞型159支。结论 多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞的快速、有效、无创伤的诊断方法，尤其对亚段肺动脉栓塞是一种先进的方法，可以代替肺动脉造影，可与电子束CT媲美，可能成为诊断肺动脉栓塞的首选方法。     

MSCT肺血管造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的:探讨MSCT肺血管造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用.方法:10例肺动脉栓塞患者采用MSCT增强扫描,并进行多平面重建结果:应用16排螺旋CT扫描主肺动脉、叶肺动脉、段、亚段动脉显示良好,显示受累肺动脉72支,其直接征象为肺动脉充盈缺损,间接征象包括肺梗死、肺少血征、胸腔积液.结论:16层螺旋CT能清楚地显示肺栓塞的直接征象及间接征象,及时发现和诊断肺栓塞.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像诊断肺动脉栓塞的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral CT,MSCT)血管成像诊断肺动脉栓塞的价值.材料和方法回顾性分析17例急性肺动脉栓塞的MSCT肺血管造影表现.结果确诊为肺动脉栓塞17例,209处肺动脉及分支受累.其中第2级肺动脉受累9例11支,第3级肺叶动脉受累13例31支,第4级肺段动脉受累116支和亚段肺动脉受累51支.MSCTA显示肺动脉栓塞的直接征象为肺动脉内的不规则充盈缺损及完全阻塞,其中栓塞表现为中央型充盈缺损4例、偏心性充盈缺损12例、附壁血栓4例及完全阻塞5例;间接征象有肺门动脉增宽、肺梗死、局限性肺纹理稀疏、胸腔积液、右心室肥大等.结论MSCT肺血管造影诊断肺动脉栓塞,无创、快捷、有效、敏感性高,可作为肺栓塞的首选检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的应用

目的　评价多层螺旋CT血管造影 (MSCTA)在诊断肺动脉栓塞 (PE)中的价值。方法　对 16例临床怀疑有PE的患者行多层螺旋CT血管造影 ,其中 8例发现有肺动脉栓塞 ,5例在溶栓治疗 2 0～ 3 0d后进行了多层螺旋CT血管造影复查。结果　 8例PE患者中发现肺段以上肺动脉 43支发生肺动脉栓塞 ,CT影像表现为肺动脉的完全堵塞、不规则充盈缺损、附壁充盈缺损、轨道征等 ;肺动脉主干的扩张 ;肺段和肺叶的缺血性改变或表现为“马塞克”征。 5例在溶栓治疗后跟踪CT复查 ,4例肺动脉栓塞基本消失 ,1例明显缩小好转。结论　多层螺旋CT血管造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞的一种无创伤性的有效检查方法 ,也是临床判断溶栓疗效的直观检查方法。     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)对肺动脉栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析24例肺动脉栓塞患者的64层螺旋CT增强图像,将原始图像复制到EBW4.0工作站,对肺动脉主干及分支进行多平面重建(MPR),最大密度投影(MIP)及容积重建(VR)分析.结果 24例患者中,共检出了76处肺动脉及其分支的栓子.其中,左、右肺动脉主干14处(右主干10处、左主干4处),肺叶动脉24处,肺段动脉26处,亚肺段动脉12处.CT表现为肺动脉主干或分支内混合性、附壁性、中心性充盈缺损,可分为完全性或部分性.结论 64层CTPA具有准确、高效、无创等优点,可直观、立体地观察到肺动脉血栓的大小、分布、范围及类型,是临床诊断及观察疗效的首选方法,有望成为肺动脉栓塞检查的“金标准”.     

64排螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的：研究64排螺旋CT肺动脉造影对肺动脉栓塞患者诊断的临床应用价值。方法：收集经临床及实验室检查并随访确诊肺动脉栓塞患者36例行对比剂增强64排螺旋CT肺动脉造影扫描。结果：36例肺动脉栓塞患者中,64排螺旋CT肺动脉造影共检出173处累及肺动脉及其分支,其中肺动脉主干0处,左、右肺动脉主干处7处,肺叶动脉68处,肺段动脉82处,亚肺段动脉16处;173处病变中,中心性充盈缺损78处,偏心性充盈缺损61处,完全梗阻性充盈缺损34处,结论：64排螺旋CT肺动脉造影技术具有快速、准确、无创等优点,目前已经成为临床诊断肺动脉栓塞及观察疗效的首选方法。     

螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的价值

目的:评价螺旋CT在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的作用。方法:16例肺动脉栓塞患者行螺旋CT肺动脉造影 (SCTA)检查,层厚3mm,扫描时间0.8s,对比剂注射速度3.5ml/s,总量100ml,扫描延迟时间15s。结果:16例 共644支,其中134支肺动脉及分支显示了栓塞,占20.8%。228支肺段肺动脉中,有56支显示肺动脉栓塞,占分 析肺动脉支的24.5%。204支亚段肺动脉中37支显示肺动脉栓塞,占分析肺动脉支15.4%。肺动脉栓塞的CT形 态:①直接征象为不同程度的肺动脉分支内充盈缺损。中心型充盈缺损17支,偏心型充盈缺损44支,附壁血栓型 34支,完全阻塞型39支。②间接征象胸膜下肺梗死灶,内乳动脉一侧增粗,肺纹理稀少,胸水,肺动脉高压。结论: 螺旋CT肺动脉造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞的快速、有效、无创伤的诊断方法。     

螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞患者临床诊断中的影像学表现及评估价值研究

目的 探究螺旋CT用于肺动脉栓塞患者临床诊断中的影像学表现及评估价值。方法 选择2017年9月至2020年10月在本院接受检查的疑似肺动脉栓塞患者70例为观察对象,均为患者提供胸部X线检查与多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影检查。评估2种检查方法的诊断结果、征象结果以及评估价值（检测灵敏度、特异度等）。结果 扫描征象结果观察CT图像有比较明显的肺动脉高压增粗影等特征。多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度,明显高于胸部X线诊断（P<0.05）。结论 肺动脉栓塞患者临床诊断中应用多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影检查,能够获取高质量影像,提升肺栓塞诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确度,能过为患者临床诊治提供有效参考,应用价值高。     

增强螺旋CT和肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断和治疗中的应用

目的 评价螺旋CT和肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断和治疗中的作用。方法 回顾性分析经螺旋CT增强和肺动脉造影明确诊断的18例患者的影像资料。其中12例经肺动脉造影后，行导管抽吸和局部溶栓治疗。结果 18例患者累及107处肺动脉及其分支，双肺下叶主支受累最多，达28．97％，累及左、右肺动脉主干者占22．43％，累及肺叶以下分支达40．18％，累及主肺动脉者占8．41％。肺动脉栓塞的影像学直接征象包括部分性充盈缺损、附壁性充盈缺损、中心性充盈缺损（即“轨道征”）、完全阻塞，间接征象包括主肺动脉增宽、局限性肺纹理稀疏、肺梗死和胸腔积液。12例术后临床症状改善，动脉血氧分压增高。结论 螺旋CT增强扫描是一种有效的诊断肺动脉栓塞的无创性检查手段，且诊断率较高。     

多层螺旋CT诊断地震伤员肺动脉栓塞的初步探讨

目的初步探讨多层螺旋CT扫描在诊断地震伤员肺动脉栓塞（PE）中的价值。方法对23名地震伤员行胸部多层螺旋CT平扫,分析其放射学征象,并在不结合和结合其他临床资料的情况下对有无PE进行前瞻性预测,评价两种情况下诊断PE的灵敏度;对可疑PE的患者加行肺动脉CT造影扫描,明确有无PE。结果23名地震伤员中,有4名（17％）最后诊断为PE。胸部平扫的征象中,垂直于胸膜面的条带状影见于3例PE患者（75％）及3例无PE的患者（15％）（P值=0.04）,紧贴胸膜的肺野外带实变见于3例PE患者（75％）及4例无PE的患者（21％）（P值=0.067）,胸腔积液见于3例PE患者（75％）及3例无PE的患者（15％）（P值=0.04）,而同时出现上述征象见于3例PE的患者（75％）及1例无PE的患者（5％）（P值=0.009）。在未结合其他临床资料的情况下,CT平扫诊断肺动脉栓塞的灵敏度仅为25％,反之可达75％;肺动脉CT造影显示4例患者共17支肺动脉发生栓塞,除1支为肺叶动脉外,其余16支均发生于肺段动脉,表现为完全性充盈缺损,部分性充盈缺损以及“轨道”征。结论地震创伤容易发生肺动脉栓塞,认识肺动脉栓塞的一些辅助征象并密切结合其他临床资料有助于诊断PE,对可疑病例应及时行肺动脉cT造影明确诊断。     

Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram diagnosis of pulmonary embolism

Over the last decade, contrast-enhanced spiral CT has been established as a non-invasive alternative to catheter angiography and is now regarded as the first-line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). The reported sensitivities for the diagnosis of PE of spiral CT vary from 45 to 100% and the specificities vary from 78 to 100%. Prospective outcome studies have shown a high negative predictive value for a single-detector spiral CT for PE. Patients' outcomes were not adversely affected in these studies when anticoagulation was withheld after a negative CT pulmonary angiogram. The main limitation of single-detector spiral CT has been its limited ability to detect isolated subsegmental PE. However, multidetector spiral CT allows evaluation of pulmonary vessels down to sixth-order branches and significantly increases the rate of detection of PE in segmental and subsegmental levels. The interobserver correlations for diagnosis of subsegmental PE with multidetector spiral CT exceed the reproducibility of selective pulmonary angiography. If appropriate equipment is available (multidetector CT), then CT pulmonary angiogram is safe to be used as the first-line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of PE.     

肺灌注/通气显像与肺动脉造影诊断肺动脉栓塞的对比研究

目的评价核素肺通气/灌注(V/Q)显像在肺动脉栓塞(PE)诊断中的价值。方法临床疑有PE患者30例,男女各15例,平均年龄(38.2±13.9)岁。均行胸部X线片检查、核素V/Q显像和肺动脉造影。11例患者在行肺灌注显像时,选择双侧足背静脉注射肺灌注显像剂,同时完成双下肢静脉显像。结果30例患者中22例V/Q显像示不相匹配的肺叶、肺段或多发亚肺段的放射性分布稀疏或缺损,提示为PE;但肺动脉造影证实22例中20例为PE。8例患者的V/Q显像为相匹配的肺叶、肺段或多发亚肺段的稀疏或缺损,提示不是PE,与肺动脉造影结果一致。核素V/Q显像诊断PE的灵敏度为100%（20/20例）,特异性为80.0%（8/10例）,准确性为93.3%（28/30例）。X线胸片和核素下肢静脉显像有助于PE的正确诊断。结论多数PE患者通过核素肺V/Q显像结合X线胸片可以作出明确诊断,少数肺V/Q显像与临床表现不符的患者需行肺动脉造影。     

胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺良性疾病的临床分析

目的探讨胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺部良性疾病的可行性和临床应用价值。方法回顾我院2010年3月～2012年7月采用胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗的37例肺良性疾病的临床资料,对手术方式和围术期相关临床指标进行分析。结果37例患者中,全胸腔镜手术28例,胸腔镜辅助小切口手术9例。平均手术时间178(55～275)min;术中出血平均420(30～1300)ml;术后总引流量平均1420(160～4800)ml;术后住院时间平均9.5(4～27)d。全组无围术期死亡,术后并发呼吸衰竭1例,肺持续漏气1例,其余无严重并发症。结论胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺部良性疾病是安全可行的,对于有肺叶切除适应证的肺部良性疾病患者,可以作为主要的手术方式。     

MR imaging of pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary emboli

Intraluminal signal in the pulmonary arteries on spin-echo, ECG-gated MR images is limited to the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle in normal subjects. Initial experience has indicated that signal persisting during systole may be characteristic of slow blood flow associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or of thrombotic material secondary to pulmonary embolism. This study analyzes our cumulative experience (31 patients) with multiphasic, double spin-echo MR for assessing PAH and/or suspected pulmonary embolism. In PAH, the abnormal systolic signal showed an intensity increase from first to second echo. This pattern was observed in 92% of PAH patients, including 100% of patients with pulmonary systolic pressures greater than or equal to 80 mm Hg and 60% of patients with pressures less than 80 mm Hg. At any focus in the pulmonary arteries, such signal disappeared at some phase of the cardiac cycle. In patients with pulmonary embolism, signal from thrombus was fixed throughout the cardiac cycle and showed little or no increase in relative intensity change from first- to second-echo image. Using this guideline, MR made six confirmed positive and four confirmed negative diagnoses of proximal pulmonary embolism, while it failed to identify thrombus in the one patient with a peripheral pulmonary embolism. Intraluminal signal in the pulmonary arteries caused by PAH or pulmonary embolism can be differentiated in most instances using multiphasic, double spin-echo, ECG-gated MR. However, at its current stage of development, the procedure does not appear to be useful for the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary embolism.     

Follow-up pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy pulmonary arterial embolization in two cases of familial pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

Follow-up pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy in evaluating pulmonary arterial embolization were assessed by two cases of pulmonary familial arteriovenous fistula. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula was found for brain abscess in the older brother, and for dyspnea on effort in the younger brother. Pulmonary arterial embolizations were performed. (older brother: 4 times, younger brother: 5 times) Before embolization, pulmonary perfusion scintigram showed pale defect, clear asymmetric perfusion between right and left lung, and clear renal visualization. On the other hand, after the embolization, clear multiple defects agreed with the sites of embolization, and asymmetric pulmonary perfusion and renal visualization disappeared. We conclude that follow-up pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy is useful to evaluate in pulmonary arteriovenous fistula after embolization.     

Virtual pulmonary arterioscopy in pulmonary embolic disease

16 slice multidetector CT provides virtual endoscopic views of the inside of arteries, or any other hollow structures. This is performed non-invasively using post-processing of three-dimensional isotropic image data sets, acquired during standard CT examinations. These virtual endoscopic views are simultaneously correlated with the standard multiplanar reconstructions, with the ability to navigate a virtual camera through the hollow structure under study. Normal and abnormal volume rendered images of the pulmonary arteries are presented in correlation with the multiplanar reformats. The abnormal images show the volume rendered appearances of acute and chronic pulmonary embolic disease. It is also postulated that this technique has a problem solving role in the differential diagnosis of chronic mural emboli from extravascular structures such as adjacent lymph nodes or bronchiolar impaction. This technique may also have a role in medical education, providing clinicians and medical students with interactive three-dimensional representations of disease processes.