共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
L. Qin S. K. Au P. C. Leung M. C. Lau J. Woo W. Y. Choy W. Y. Hung M. A. Dambacher K. S. Leung 《Osteoporosis international》2002,13(12):962-970
The current study was designed to investigate the rate of bone loss in distal radius and its association with baseline volumetric
bone mineral density (BMD) and years since menopause (YSM) in peri- and postmenopausal women using precise and multislice
peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT; Densiscan 2000). Two hundred and five healthy Hong Kong Chinese perimenopausal
(n = 26) and postmenopausal (n = 179) women within 10 years of the onset of menopause were recruited. Anthropometric parameters and menstrual status were
also measured. The linear regression model derived from the baseline volumetric BMD revealed a significant and slightly better
correlation with YSM than age, with a YSM-related annual decline of 2.56%, 1.82% and 0.65% in trabecular BMD (tBMD), integral
BMD (iBMD) and cortical BMD (cBMD), respectively. Follow-up measurements after a time interval of 12 months showed that the
rate of bone loss was higher than the annual decline in BMD calculated from the baseline BMD, with decreases of 2.89%, 2.16%
0.91% in tBMD, iBMD and cBMD, respectively. Baseline BMD was associated with age or YSM (r ranges from −0.283 to −0.502; p<0.001 in all cases), but no relationship was found between annual rate of bone loss and age or YSM. The rate of bone loss
did not correlate with baseline volumetric BMD values or YSM after dividing the subjects into fast bone losers (with annual
tBMD loss ≥3%), normal bone losers (with annual tBMD loss ≥ 1% but <3%) or slow bone losers (with annual tBMD loss <1%). The
rate of bone loss was greater in both trabecular and cortical bone of postmenopausal women within the first 3 menopausal years
but was only significant in the iBMD as compared with perimenopausal and postmenopausal women over 7 years after onset of
menopause. The percentage distribution of slow and fast bone losers was not found to be associated with YSM. As a total of
only 4 fracture cases were documented, the study could not provide conclusive information on whether perimenopausal and early
postmenopausal baseline volumetric BMD or rate of bone loss determines the development of osteoporosis or fracture occurrence.
Received: 12 November 2001 / Accepted: 18 July 2002 相似文献
2.
Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
De Leo V Ditto A la Marca A Lanzetta D Massafra C Morgante G 《Calcified tissue international》2000,66(4):263-267
Bone mineral density (BMD) measured by densitometry is the elective parameter for the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Biochemical markers have been proposed as sensitive indicators of high bone turnover and for monitoring response to antiresorptive
treatment. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the values of biochemical markers of bone metabolism with a view
to early diagnosis of osteoporosis and monitoring of hormone replacement and calcitonin therapy. The subjects were 415 women,
mean age 51 ± 8 years (43–62 years) in peri- and postmenopause, recruited at the Menopause Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Department of Siena University and divided in five groups. Bone densitometry was performed in all subjects and blood samples
were taken for assayed biochemical markers, that is, [osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH), type 1 procollagen (PICP),
and calcitonin (CT)].
Three groups of women were divided into two subgroups: those with normal and those with low BMD (<1 SD). Basal concentrations
of PCP1, OC, PTH, and CT were compared in the various groups. Two groups of postmenopausal women with BMD below the normal
were treated with estrogen replacement therapy and unmodified eel calcitonin.
We evaluated whether some of these biochemical markers of bone turnover could help identify women with low BMD and whether
they could be useful for monitoring the results of antiresorptive therapies.
Markers of bone formation (PICP and OC) make it possible to distinguish women with high turnover who are at risk for osteoporosis
from women with low turnover in menopause. A good correlation was also found between changes in levels of these markers and
changes in BMD during treatments, which suggests that the PICP and OC would be useful for monitoring response to antiresorptive
therapy.
Received: 29 March 1998 / Accepted: 2 November 1999 相似文献
3.
We examined the effects of a total body resistive training program (RT) on total and regional bone mineral density (BMD)
in older women. Twenty-seven healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 62 ± 1 years) participated in a strength training program
three times/week for 16 weeks. Strength was assessed before and after training by either one or three repetition maximum (1RM
and 3RM) tests. Both upper and lower body strength significantly increased by 36–65% and 32–98%, respectively, after training.
There was a small but significant decrease in body weight and body mass index after training (P < 0.05), with no change in the waist-to-hip ratio. BMD, assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, did not change over
the duration of the training period in the anterioposterior spine (L2–L4), femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter. BMD of the total body, lateral spine (B2–B4), and the regions of the radius (1/3 radius and ultradistal radius) also did not fall in subsets of these women. Muscular
strength of both the leg and chest press were significantly associated with L2–L4, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter BMD (range r = 0.57–0.84, all P < 0.005). Markers of bone turnover, namely, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and urinary aminoterminal cross-linked
telopeptide of type I collagen did not change significantly. In conclusion, a resistive training program maintains BMD and
improves muscular strength in healthy, older women. This may be important in preventing the negative health outcomes associated
with the age-related loss of bone density.
Received 5 June 1996 / Accepted: 26 June 1997 相似文献
4.
J.-F. Chiu S.-J. Lan C.-Y. Yang P.-W. Wang W.-J. Yao I.-H. Su C.-C. Hsieh 《Calcified tissue international》1997,60(3):245-249
This study examined bone density among postmenopausal Buddhist nuns and female religious followers of Buddhism in southern
Taiwan and related the measurements to subject characteristics including age, body mass, physical activity, nutrient intake,
and vegetarian practice. A total of 258 postmenopausal Taiwanese vegetarian women participated in the study. Lumbar spine
and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-photon absorptimetry. BMD measurements were analyzed
first as quantitative outcomes in multiple regression analyses and next as indicators of osteopenia status in logistic regression
analyses. Among the independent variables examined, age inversely and body mass index positively correlated with both the
spine and femoral neck BMD measurements. They were also significant predictors of the osteopenia status. Energy intake from
protein was a significant correlate of lumbar spine BMD only. Other nutrients, including calcium and energy intake from nonprotein
sources, did not correlate significantly with the two bone density parameters. Long-term practitioners of vegan vegetarian
were found to be at a higher risk of exceeding lumbar spine fracture threshold (adjusted odds ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence
interval = 1.03–5.96) and of being classified as having osteopenia of the femoral neck (3.94, 1.21–12.82). Identification
of effective nutrition supplements may be necessary to improve BMD levels and to reduce the risk of osteoporosis among long-term
female vegetarians.
Received: 10 May 1996 / Accepted: 9 August 1996 相似文献
5.
Influence of Grip Strength on Metacarpal Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Japanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Osei-Hyiaman D Ueji M Toyokawa S Takahashi H Kano K 《Calcified tissue international》1999,64(3):263-266
Most published studies on the role of muscle strength in the maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD) focused on the relationship
between specific muscle groups and adjacent bones, mostly in young and premenopausal women. This study examined the influence
of grip strength on BMD of the metacarpal index in postmenopausal Japanese women. Subjects included 1168 postmenopausal women
aged 40–70 years. BMD measurement was done with computed X-ray densitometry (CXD) by analyzing X-ray films of the right second
metacarpal index. Grip strength was measured in both the dominant and nondominant hands using a squeeze dynamometer. Grip
strength (r = 0.2474; P= 0.0001) and age (r =−0.5443; P= 0.0001) significantly correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with BMD. Physical activity (r = 0.1318; P= 0.0001) also correlated positively with BMD. Breastfeeding (r =−0.1658; P= 0.0001), however, correlated negatively with BMD. Subjects with a history of regular physical activity had higher grip strengths
and BMD, than those with no physical activity. Adjustment for age, physical activity, calcium intake, BMI, breastfeeding,
testing site, and menopausal type indicated a significant (P for trend = 0.0013) positive association of grip strength with BMD. Subjects with stronger grip strengths had a decreased
risk for low BMD.
Received: 24 February 1998 / Accepted: 7 August 1998 相似文献
6.
J. M. Thompson G. W. Modin C. D. Arnaud N. E. Lane 《Calcified tissue international》1997,61(5):377-381
Chronic steroid use results in osteoporosis, and postmenopausal women are believed to be at a high risk for steroid-induced
bone loss. The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women on
both chronic steroid and hormone replacement therapy. Seventy-six postmenopausal women (≥3 years postmenopausal, ≥2 years
of steroid treatment of ≥5 mg/day of prednisone, and ≥1 year of hormone replacement therapy) were recruited into this study.
Measurements of BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained in all subjects. Risk factors for osteoporosis were
obtained by questionnaire. Discriminant analysis was performed to determine predictors of BMD. Osteoporosis, defined by a
T score of <−2.5, was present in the lumbar spine or femoral neck in 34 of the 76 subjects. Based on these criteria, women
with osteoporosis were significantly older, were more years postmenopausal, and had a lower body mass index (BMI) than women
who did not have osteoporosis. Predictors of osteoporosis for both the femoral neck and spine included a low BMI (P < 0.05),
more years postmenopausal (P < 0.01), and more years on steroids (P < 0.01). Low BMI was the only significant predictor of osteoporosis in the lumbar spine (P < 0.05), whereas for the femoral neck both years on steroids (P < 0.05) and BMI (P < 0.05) were significant predictors of low BMD. In summary, not all postmenopausal women on chronic steroid and hormone replacement
therapy are osteoporotic but a low BMI, more years on steroids, and more years postmenopausal were significant predictors
of osteoporosis in these subjects.
Received: 8 November 1997 / Accepted: 21 May 1997 相似文献
7.
Although bone mineral density measurements are helpful in predicting future risk for osteoporotic fractures, there is limited
information available on how the results of bone densitometry influence a woman's use of therapeutic alternatives. To assess
the role of bone mineral densitometry in influencing postmenopausal women to change health behaviors associated with osteoporosis,
we prospectively followed, for an average of 2.9 years, 701 postmenopausal women over 50 years of age referred to an osteoporosis
prevention program in a large metropolitan area. Assessments included bone mineral densitometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
(with classification of skeletal health), medical history, use of hormone replacement therapy, calcium intake, caffeine intake,
exercise, smoking habits, and fall precaution measures.
Women classified at baseline with moderate low bone mass were twice as likely (33%), and women with severe low bone mass more
than three times as likely (47%) to start hormone replacement therapy compared with women with a normal result (13%, P < 0.001). This was true regardless of whether they had taken hormone replacement therapy in the past. Below-normal BMD was
a strong predictor of a woman's initiation of hormone replacement therapy (OR 4.2; 95% CI 2.7–6.4; P < 0.05) even after adjustment for age, education, history of osteoporosis or fracture, and medical condition related to osteoporosis.
Women with moderate or severe low bone mass were also much more likely to start calcium supplements (81–90% versus 67%), increase
dietary calcium (71–82% versus 60%), decrease use of caffeine (44–60% versus 34%), start exercising (61–76% versus 52%), and
quit smoking (22–24% versus 11%) relative to their behaviors prior to testing (P < 0.01).
In conclusion, postmenopausal women report that the results of bone densitometry substantially influence the decision to begin
hormone replacement therapy and calcium supplements, increase dietary calcium, decrease caffeine, increase exercise, decrease
smoking, and take precautions to prevent falls. More studies are needed to measure the long-term effects of this influence.
Received: 19 March 1999 / Accepted: 13 August 1999 相似文献
8.
C. Cepollaro G. Orlandi S. Gonnelli G. Ferrucci J. C. Arditti D. Borracelli E. Toti C. Gennari 《Calcified tissue international》1996,59(4):238-239
It is generally agreed that an adequate calcium intake is necessary for the maintenance of bone health and that calcium supplementation
reduces the rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women. Mineral waters are calorie free, and some, with relatively high calcium
levels, might be significant sources of calcium. We studied the effect of mineral water in 45 early postmenopausal women randomly
assigned to receive a high-calcium (Ferrarelle, Italy) or a low-calcium mineral water. On the basis of the dietary regimen,
women were divided in two clusters (A = 23 subjects, B = 22 subjects) significantly different only for calcium intake (CI)
and for dietary consumption of calories (energy). At the end of the study period (13 ± 1 months), bone mineral density at
the distal radius showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) only in cluster with low CI. The difference between the clusters was significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the cluster with high CI showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in osteocalcin serum levels after 3 months. This study provides further evidence to support the use of
a high calcium mineral water as an effective prophylaxis against postmenopausal bone loss.
Received: 24 October 1995 / Accepted: 28 January 1996 相似文献
9.
Association Study of Parathyroid Hormone Gene Polymorphism and Bone Mineral Density in Japanese Postmenopausal Women 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
Hosoi T Miyao M Inoue S Hoshino S Shiraki M Orimo H Ouchi Y 《Calcified tissue international》1999,64(3):205-208
Association of BST B1 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene with bone mineral density (BMD)
was examined in 383 healthy postmenopausal women in Japan who were unrelated. The RFLP was represented as B or b, the capital
letter signifying the presence of and the small letter the absence of restriction site for BST B1. The frequency of each genotype—BB, Bb, and bb—was 82.5%, 16.7%, and 0.8%, respectively. When we statistically compared
age, years after menopause, body height, and body weight between the BB genotype and the Bb genotype groups, there was no
significant difference between the groups. However, the lumbar BMD and the score of BMD adjusted for age and body weight (Z
score) were significantly lower in the group of genotype Bb than in the BB: 0.859 ± 0.019 g/cm2 versus 0.925 ± 0.011 (mean ± SE, P= 0.01) and −0.412 ± 0.138 versus 0.067 ± 0.082 (mean ± SE, P= 0.01). In addition, the Z score of total body BMD in the Bb genotype group was lower than that in the BB group. Comparison
of serum and urinary biochemical bone metabolic markers suggested that the subjects with Bb genotype might be in a relatively
higher state of bone turnover than those with BB genotype. These results suggest that the polymorphism in the PTH gene would
be a useful genetic marker for lower BMD and the susceptibility for osteoporosis.
Received: 19 March 1998 / Accepted: 24 June 1998 相似文献
10.
The aim of the study was to establish population ranges of bone mineral density (BMD) for Hong Kong Chinese men and women
for the Hologic QDR 2000 bone densitometer, to compare these values with the manufacturer’s reference ranges, to compare these
values with population ranges for women obtained for the Norland X26 bone densitometer, and to examine variations between
the two densitometers. The subjects were 164 men aged 40–79 years and 436 women aged 20–89 years, who were all ethnic Chinese,
recruited from volunteers, social centers for the elderly and general practice clinics. BMD in women began to decline rapidly
between ages 50 and 79 years, averaging about 10% loss per decade from the young adult (20–29 years) mean. The percentage
losses from young adult mean values in the spine, femroal neck, trochanter and total femur were 23%, 30%, 31% and 33%, respectively,
from 20 to 79 years. In the ninth decade no further decrease in BMD occurred with the exception of a further 4% at the hip
sites. In men, no decrease in spine BMD occurred between 40 and 70 years. Compared with BMD in the fourth decade, 10%, 13%,
and 11% of BMD was lost at the femoral neck, trochanter and total femur, respectively, by the seventh decade. These values
show differences compared with the manufacturer’s reference ranges for Caucasians and Japanese. BMD values for the spine were
comparable between Hologic and Norland densitometers, but Hologic values for femoral neck and trochanteric regions were lower
than the Norland values. Data provided by this study may thus be used as normative values for the Hologic QDR2000 bone densitometer,
instead of values provided by the manufacturer. BMD values at the hip sites are not interchangeable between Norland and Hologic
bone densitometers, and estimation of numbers of the population with osteoporosis will depend on the model of densitometer
used.
Received: 31 May 2000 / Accepted: 31 October 2000 相似文献
11.
After the menopause it has been noted that heavier women conserve bone better than those with lower body weight. The protective
effect of obesity on bone mass has been ascribed to a high body fat content. The present study of 54 postmenopausal women
was undertaken to determine whether circulating plasma levels of leptin, the newly described hormone produced in adipocytes,
were correlated with age-adjusted total body bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD), or with dynamic biochemical
markers of bone resorption or of bone formation. Leptin values were strongly correlated with all measures of adiposity (P < 0.001). Age-adjusted values for BMC and BMD, respectively, were also positively correlated (P < 0.001) with body weight (r = 0.643, r = 0.502), total fat mass (r = 0.557, r = 0.510) and with plasma leptin concentrations
(r = 0.480, r = 0.551), confirming a positive relationship between fat mass and bone mass. By contrast, no significant correlations
were observed between plasma leptin and dynamic markers of bone resorption (urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine r =−0.105,
hydroxyproline/creatinine r =−0.193) or formation (plasma osteocalcin r = 0.103). Because there was no evidence for an association
between ciculating plasma levels of leptin and biochemical markers of either osteoclastic or osteoblastic activity we conclude
it is unlikely that circulating leptin plays any significant direct role in controlling bone cell activity. Our results do
not support the hypothesis that leptin mediates the bone-sparing effects of obesity.
Received: 23 September 1997 / Accepted: 11 May 1998 相似文献
12.
Effects of Lifetime Volleyball Exercise on Bone Mineral Densities in Lumbar Spine, Calcaneus and Tibia for Pre-, Peri- and Postmenopausal Women 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. Ito T. Nakamura S. Ikeda Y. Tahara R. Hashmi K. Tsurusaki M. Uetani K. Hayashi 《Osteoporosis international》2001,12(2):104-111
To clarify the effects of habitual volleyball exercise on bone in women during the menopausal periods, we measured bone mineral
densities (BMDs) of the lumbar spine, calcaneus and tibia every 12 months for 2 years and estimated factors related to the
baseline values and annual loss rates. Forty Japanese female volleyball players 42–62 years of age, who had belonged to the
district non-professional club for more than 10 years on average, were recruited. Twenty women had regular menstruation at
the start, but 7 underwent menopause during the study. Fifty-nine healthy women who did not participate in habitual exercise,
but were otherwise comparable with the players, were recruited as the controls. The lumbar and calcaneus BMDs were measured
by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and both the volumetric BMDs and cross-sectional geometry at the diaphysis of the
tibia were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The baseline BMDs of all measured sites and the values
of the cortical area and moment of inertia of the tibia in the players were significantly higher than the values in the control
women. In the peri- and postmenopausal players, the baseline values of the lumbar and calcaneus BMDs related to total years
of participating in regular exercises during adulthood including volleyball (TYE), body mass index (BMI) and years since menopause
(YSM). Tibia cortical area and moment of inertia values related to TYE. Annual bone loss rates in the tibia and calcaneus
of players were significantly smaller than those values in the controls. However, the bone loss rates in the lumbar spine
did not differ significantly between the groups. The bone loss rate in the calcaneus was significantly related to the current
number of training hours per week and YSM. The rate of bone loss in the tibia was related to BMI. These data indicated that
the total number of years participating in exercise activity during adulthood have positive effects on lumbar and calcaneus
BMDs and the cortical structure of the tibia. Habitual volleyball exercise apparently did not alleviate the menopause-related
bone loss in the lumbar spine.
Received: 3 September 1999 / Accepted: 10 July 2000 相似文献
13.
Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Polymorphism with Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Japanese Women 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
Miyao M Morita H Hosoi T Kurihara H Inoue S Hoshino S Shiraki M Yazaki Y Ouchi Y 《Calcified tissue international》2000,66(3):190-194
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Considering the high prevalence of osteoporosis
in homocystinuria, abnormal homocysteine metabolism would contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. It is known that
the polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), the enzyme catalyzing the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, correlates with hyperhomocysteinemia. In this study, we examined the association of this polymorphism
with bone mineral density (BMD). BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 307 postmenopausal women. MTHFR
A/V polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We compared
BMD, clinical characteristics, and bone metabolic markers among MTHFR groups (AA, AV, VV). The groups did not differ in terms of baseline data. The values of lumbar spine BMD and total body BMD were as follows:
lumbar spine: AA, 0.91 ± 0.18, AV, 0.88 ± 0.16, VV, 0.84 ± 0.14 g/cm2; total body: AA, 0.97 ± 0.11, AV, 0.96 ± 0.11, VV, 0.93 ± 0.09 g/cm2. In the VV genotype, lumbar spine BMD values were significantly lower than those of the women with the AA genotype (P= 0.016) and total body BMD was significantly lower than those of the women with AA genotype (P= 0.03) and AV genotype (P= 0.04). This is the first report that suggests that the VV genotype of MTHFR is one of the genetic risk factors for low BMD.
Received: 29 March 1999 / Accepted: 20 September 1999 相似文献
14.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lifetime physical activity of farmers on skeletal status. Seventy-one
healthy, postmenopausal women (mean age 52.3 ± 5.9 years, range 42–61 years) who worked professionally on farms were compared
with 78 matched controls (mean age 51.8 ± 5.5 years, range 42–61 years). Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed
of sound (SOS) at the os calcis were measured using an ultrasound transmission imaging system. Bone mineral density (BMD)
of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Differences in BUA, SOS, and
BMD between farmers and controls were expressed relative to standard deviation (SD) of the farmers. Farmers had significantly
higher density values than controls (difference = 1.3 SD in the spine and 1.5 SD in the femoral neck, P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Ultrasound values were significantly higher in the farmers compared with the controls in
calcaneus (difference = 1.1 SD for BUA and 0.7 SD for SOS, P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). The difference of spine BMD, femoral neck BMD, BUA, and SOS between farmers and controls,
as judged by comparison of the slopes of the regression lines, was unchanged with age and years since menopause. These results
suggest that lifetime physical activity has a positive effect on bone status of postmenopausal farmers.
Received: 19 March 1998 / Accepted: 7 August 1998 相似文献
15.
Calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD) of 738 Japanese women (605 healthy and 133 with osteoporosis) was measured using single
X-ray absorptiometry (SXA). A reference range of calcaneus BMD values for healthy Japanese women was established and the usefulness
of this method for screening and diagnosis of osteoporosis was evaluated. There was no significant age change of calcaneus
BMD prior to menopause, though values decreased significantly thereafter. BMD loss ratio was 1.7%/year in the 10 years after
menopause.
The reference range of calcaneus BMD was 410 ± 43 mg/cm2, calculated from the mean BMD value of subjects whose ages ranged from 25 to 50 years old. The fracture threshold for the
spine was established as 294 mg/cm2, which corresponded to −2.67 SD from the average BMD of the young healthy women, and the odds ratio for spine fracture in
the subjects with BMD lower than this threshold was 3.52 [95% CI (confidence interval) 1.34–9.26]. The spine fracture group
showed statistically lower calcaneus BMD than the nonfracture group when subjects with adjusted age and body size were analyzed.
There were no significant differences in the ROC analysis for spine fracture between calcaneus BMD and spine BMD. Therefore,
calcaneus BMD is not readily affected by degenerative change or soft tissue, and the annual decrement rate (1.7%/year) can
be detected easily and with low precision error (0.8%). These indices may prove useful for the screening and diagnosis of
osteoporosis.
Received: 16 September 1998 / Accepted: 28 January 1999 相似文献
16.
We studied the relationships between weight variables and spine bone mineral density (BMD) in 183 postmenopausal women aged
34–76 years. There was a significant positive correlation of current body mass index (cBMI) and % of ideal body weight (IBW)
with BMD. Moreover, the increase in BMI and % IBW was also positively and significantly associated with a higher age-adjusted
lumbar BMD. Weight gain, estimated as the difference between current body weight and past ``ideal' body weight, was associated
with significant age-adjusted BMD with a threshold of 17%, and postmenopausal women with a gain of over 17% had significantly
higher spine BMD.
Received: 21 October 1997 / Accepted: 6 October 1998 相似文献
17.
A. S. Turner J. M. Maillet C. Mallinckrodt L. Cordain 《Calcified tissue international》1997,61(2):110-113
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the head has received little attention. We used DXA to measure bone mineral density
(BMD) of the entire skull including the mandible (BMDHead) and BMD of the cranial vault (BMDVault) in 91 normal young women. We also measured BMD of the total body (BMDTotal body), proximal femur (``total femur'), and lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4). BMD (g/cm2; mean ± SE) was 1.032 ± 0.011 for L1–L4, 0.995 ± 0.011 for total femur, and 2.283 ± 0.028 for BMDVault (cranial vault) and the mean body weight of all subjects was 59.8 kg. Correlation between BMDVault and BMDHead was 0.991 and this was not different from 1.0 (P= 0.473). The average difference between BMDVault and BMDHead was −0.004 g/cm2 suggesting that these two measurements of bone mass of the skull were similar. To determine the correlation between the different
variables after accounting for external sources of variation, partial correlation derived from multiple regression was determined.
Correlations between BMD at the various locations and with BMDTotal body were moderate to strong. Although small in magnitude, the partial correlations of body weight with BMDTotal body, total femur, and L1–L4 were significantly different from zero (P < 0.02). The results show that BMDVault, total femur, and L1–L4 were of equal value in predicting BMDTotal body and further, BMDVault was not influenced by body weight. Including body weight in multiple regression in addition to total femur or L1–L4 removed
the extraneous variation due to body weight, and predictions of BMDTotal body were as reliable as when BMDVault was based on goodness of fit tests (P= 0.314). The technique used to measure BMD of the cranial vault is a relatively new variation of DXA technology. The precision
was as good as other measurements of bone mass of the entire skull (including the mandible). Because the cranial vault is
less sensitive to mechanical influences, it may be a region where response to therapy could be evaluated. The cranial vault
may be a useful area to study certain heritable diseases that affect the skeleton, skeletal artifact, or evaluation of oral
bone loss.
Received: 22 December 1995 / Accepted: 24 September 1996 相似文献
18.
Bone Mineral Density in French Canadian Women 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
C. Blanchet S. Dodin M. Dumont Y. Giguère L. Turcot-Lemay J. Beauchamp D. Prud'homme 《Osteoporosis international》1998,8(3):268-273
This cross-sectional study investigated bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (L2–4) and femoral neck in French
Canadian women residing in the Quebec city area. Data collection was initiated in 1988 and completed in 1994. A total of 747
French Canadian Caucasian women (16–79 years of age) with no metabolic bone disease were evaluated. BMD measurements were
obtained using dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Anthropometric measures such as
weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Medical files provided information on demographic characteristics,
hormonal profile and lifestyle habits. Results show a curvilinear trend of BMD with aging. Furthermore, the peak BMD at the
lumbar spine (L2–4) was reached at 29 years followed by a stable phase until 35 years, after which BMD started to decrease.
The pattern of bone evolution at the femoral neck was different, peak BMD being achieved earlier, at 21 years, while after
age 26 years a significant decrease was already observed. Women older than 60 years showed the lowest BMD. Regression analysis
showed that age, weight and height are determinants of BMD at the lumbar spine and explained 33.9% of inter-individual variation.
At the femoral neck, 29.1% of variation was explained by age and height only. In conclusion, our data suggest that French
Canadian women have a different pattern of bone loss at the femoral neck compared with the lumbar spine, according to their
mean BMD values.
Received: 21 July 1997 / Accepted: 15 October 1997 相似文献
19.
Total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone turnover were tested in
50 highly trained women athletes and 21 sedentary control women (18–69 years; BMI < 25 kg/m2). VO2max (ml · kg−1· min−1) and lean tissue mass (DXA) were significantly higher in the athletes versus controls (both P < 0.0001). Total body BMD did not decline significantly with age in the athletes whereas lumbar spine (L2–L4) BMD approached statistical significance (r =−0.26; P= 0.07). Significant losses of the femoral neck (r =− 0.42), Ward's triangle (r =−0.53), and greater trochanter BMD (r =−0.33;
all P < 0.05) occurred with age in the athletes. In the athletes, total body BMD, L2–L4 BMD, and BMD of all sites of the femur were associated with lean tissue mass (r = 0.32 to r = 0.57, all P < 0.05) and VO2max (r = 0.29 to r = 0.48, all P < 0.05). Femoral neck and greater trochanter BMD were higher in the athletes than in controls (both P < 0.05) and lumbar spine and Ward's triangle BMD approached statistical significance (both P= 0.07). Bone turnover was assessed by serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links
(Dpd), and urinary aminoterminal cross-linked telopeptides (NTX). There were no relationships between B-ALP or Dpd with age
whereas NTX increased with age (r = 0.46, P < 0.05) in the entire group. Levels of B-ALP and NTX were negatively associated with total body, L2–L4, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and greater trochanter BMD (P < 0.05). B-ALP and Dpd were not significantly different between athletes and controls whereas NTX was lower in the athletes
than in controls (P < 0.001). The high levels of physical activity observed in women athletes increase aerobic capacity and improve muscle mass
but are not sufficient to prevent the loss of bone with aging.
Received: 28 November 1997 / Accepted: 8 April 1998 相似文献
20.
Systematic Review of Randomized Trials of the Effect of Exercise on Bone Mass in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Studies of the effect of exercise programs on bone mass appear inconsistent. Our objective was to systematically review and
meta-analyze randomized trials of the effect of exercise on bone mass in pre- and postmenopausal women. A computerized MEDLINE
search was conducted for the years 1966–1997. Thirty-five randomized trials were identified. Meta-analytic methods were used
to statistically pool results of studies of the effect of impact (e.g., aerobics) and non-impact (e.g., weight training) exercise
on the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The most studied bone site was the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women (15 studies),
where both impact [1.6% bone loss prevented, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0%–2.2%] and non-impact (1.0%, 95% CI: 0.4%–1.6%)
exercise programs had a positive effect. Results for the lumbar spine in premenopausal women (eight studies) were similar:
1.5% (95% CI: 0.6%–2.4%) less bone loss (or net gain) after impact exercise and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.7%–1.7%) after non-impact
exercise. Impact exercise programs appeared to have a positive effect at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women (five studies),
1.0% (95% CI: 0.4%–1.6%) bone loss prevented, and possibly in premenopausal women, 0.9% (95% CI: −0.2%–2.0%) bone loss prevented.
There were too few trials to draw conclusions from meta-analyses of the effect of nonimpact exercise on the neck of femur.
This systematic review of randomized trials shows that both impact and non-impact exercise have a positive effect at the lumbar
spine in pre- and postmenopausal women. Impact exercise probably has a positive effect at the femoral neck. More studies are
required to determine the optimal intensity and type of exercise.
Received: 11 May 1999 / Accepted: 18 January 2000 相似文献