一起学校甲型肝炎爆发的调查

2003年12月，玉溪市文明村小学学生发生以乏力、纳差、恶心、呕吐、上腹不适、黄染为主要症状的病例数例，经市、县疾病预防控制部门调查，确定为一起由袋装水污染引起的甲型病毒性肝炎爆发，现将调查结果报道如下。     

一起少数民族地区中学生甲肝爆发的调查

2004年10月19日至11月5日，融水县永乐乡中学（初级中学）爆发甲型病毒性月十炎（甲肝），共发病172人，均为学生。事件发生后，及时启动公共卫生突发事件直急预案，开展疫情调查处理和救治工作。经采取相应措施后．疫情得到了控制。现将调查结果报道如下。     

一起甲型肝炎局部爆发的流行病学调查

2003年6月,在常规季度疫情分析时,发现某镇甲型肝炎发病有增加趋势,现将流行病学调查结果报告如下.     

广西某乡镇中学1起甲型病毒性肝炎爆发流行调查

目的分析天峨县一边远乡中学2008年4月发生1起甲型肝炎爆发的流行病学特征。方法对该校师生283人及学校周围群众193人进行临床症状和实验室检查,确诊甲型肝炎病例及疑似病例人数。结果共发现甲型肝炎确诊病例25例,疑似病例65例,发病率为18.91%,该校3个年级6个班均有病人发现;男女生发病率差异无统计学意义。结论该起甲型肝炎爆发系住校生日常密切接触所致。     

1起学校内流行性腮腺炎爆发的调查

2010年1月15日至3月21日,沈阳市某中学发生1起流行性腮腺炎疑似病例爆发。沈阳市沈北新区中小学保健所接到报告后,立即组织相关专业人员赶赴现场开展调查处理。现将处理结果报道如下。     

一起甲型病毒性肝炎爆发流行的调查

20 0 1年 12月 3 0日～ 2 0 0 2年 3月 6日 ,贵阳市区某中学学生中发生了以发热、头昏、厌食、恶心、呕吐、乏力、皮肤及巩膜黄染、肝区不适等为表现的疾病。经流行病学调查 ,确诊为一起甲型病毒性肝炎 (简称甲肝 )的爆发流行 ,现将调查结果及防制措施报道如下。1　流行概况该校位于市区 ,全校师生 2 2 40人 ,其中教师 172人 ,学生2 0 68人 ,共有 3 7个班 (初一 5个班 ,初二、初三各 4个班 ,高一、高二、高三各 8个班 )。 2 0 0 1年 12月 3 0日～ 2 0 0 2年 3月 6日 ,学生共发生甲肝 119例 ,教师无病例发生 ,罹患率为 5 .75 % ,男女之比为 2…     

1起学校腮腺炎爆发的调查

腮腺炎是一种春季常见的传染病,该病潜伏期较长（14～25d）,如控制措施不当在学校中易引起爆发流行。2006年2月26日到4月6日牡丹江市发生一起学校腮腺炎爆发疫情,我们对该起爆发疫情进行了调查处理,现将结果报告如下。     

甘肃省临泽县1起校园流行性腮腺炎爆发调查

目的分析流行性腮腺炎的流行情况及综合处理对策。方法对临泽一中106名发病学生进行流行性腮腺炎发病及预防接种情况等的流行病学调查。结果本次爆发共发病106人，具有明显的传染源和传染途径。结论流行性腮腺炎应以预防为主，加强农村的卫生宣传教育工作，重点关注易感人群，积极接种疫苗。     

某高校1起风疹爆发的流行病学调查

<正>风疹是由风疹病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病,极易在群集聚的场所,特别是学校引起流行或爆发,近年来,高校生风疹流行时常见诸报道,应引起高校医务工作者的高度视,积极开展师生的健康教育,普及常见传染病防治的卫生识,提高自我保健意识;促进学生进行疫苗接种,提高学生苗接种率;一旦发生疫情,应在第一时间内立即采取积极有的应急防控措施,有效地防止传染病在校园内的传播。201年4月28日至6月22日,某高校学生间断出现以低热、皮     

1起流行性腮腺炎爆发的相关因素调查

目的分析一起流行性腮腺炎爆发的相关因素,为防止再次出现类似爆发采取对策提供依据。方法对腮腺炎病例及引发疫情进行流行病学调查和相关因素监测。结果爆发所在学校不同班级、不同年级罹患率有显著差异,不同爆露因素的危险性有显著差异。结论这是一起由村内感染首发病例引起的学校流行性腮腺炎爆发,引起爆发的主要危险因素是与病例接触,接触方式以村内接触和校内接触为主。     

浙江省象山县一起甲型肝炎暴发的调查

2004年8月30日至10月15日浙江省象山县局部地区发生甲型肝炎（甲肝）暴发，疫情波及全县15个乡镇。现将调查结果报道如下。     

某砖瓦厂一起甲型肝炎暴发疫情调查分析

目的调查太仓市沙溪镇某砖瓦厂一起甲型肝炎(甲肝)暴发的原因和传播特征,采取措施尽快扑灭疫情。方法利用流行病学调查方法,结合临床特征进行统计分析。结果本次甲肝暴发流行共发生54例,以15岁以下儿童为主,共41例,占75.92%。通过采取病人隔离治疗、加强饮用水及周围环境卫生管理、应急接种甲肝疫苗等措施使疫情得到及时控制。结论砖瓦厂卫生及生活环境差是此次疫情暴发流行的原因。     

An outbreak of hepatitis a in young adults in central Italy

Between September, 1988 and January, 1989 a common source outbreak of 47 cases of serologically confirmed hepatitis A occurred in a town of central Italy. Thirty-eight cases were primary, three co-primary and six secondary. The highest age-specific attack rate was seen in subjects aged 15–24 years (120 per 100,000); the mean age of cases was 24.6 years and the median age was 22 years. A matched triplet case-control study showed significant association between the disease and consumption of either raw mussels (41% of cases, compared with 10% of controls; P < 0.0001) or a single brand of mineral water (63% of cases, compared with 41% of controls; P < 0.05). The mean age of the cases reflects the shift in primary susceptibility to the infection from younger to older age groups, a finding which has recently been demonstrated by several seroepidemiological surveys in Italy.     

江西省一起因饮用受污染的井水导致甲型肝炎暴发调查

目的 对江西省赣县某农村小学甲肝暴发进行调查,查找危险因素和传播途径,并提出针对性预防控制措施.方法 调查疑似病例为2008年11月1日至2009年2月14日期间,该校师生中符合下列任何之一者:(1)出现黄疸(尿、巩膜或皮肤黄染)者.(2)丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)出现2倍及以上升高并具有≥2项下列症状者:纳差、厌油、腹痛、恶心、乏力、呕吐.确诊病例为疑似病例并甲肝病毒IgM抗体阳性者.通过查阅乡镇卫生院和村诊所门诊记录、对学校师生开展症状筛查,进行病例搜索.开展病例对照研究,比较病例组和对照组(从同年级无症状、IgM阴性的学生中随机选取)的危险因素暴露情况.结果 共搜索到21例甲肝病例,均为小学生,罹患率为3.5％.流行曲线呈现两个高峰,间隔28 d,均为点源暴露模式.病例对照研究显示,饮用B井生水是发病危险因素(0R=4.0,95％CI:1.1～ 15).B井水检测细菌总数600 cfu/ml,大肠菌群23 MPN/100 ml.结论 本次甲肝暴发系因饮用被污染的B井生水所导致.建议学校改用经过统一消毒的管网自来水,公共卫生部门应加强学校饮水的卫生监督.     

一起自来水污染引起甲型肝炎暴发调查

目的 查明暴发原因和传播途径,分析流行因素,评价控制效果,为防制工作提供依据.方法 用描述性流行病学方法分析流行特征,用病例对照与回顾性队列研究探索甲型肝炎暴发危险因素.结果 2009年8-9月杭州市萧山区南阳街道共报告甲型肝炎病例36例,病例主要分布在南阳街道农贸市场周边；发病高峰在8月24日至9月4日；发病以本地中...     

Epidemiological and genetic analysis of a 2014 outbreak of hepatitis A in Japan

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the most common causes of feces-transmitted acute hepatitis worldwide. In Japan, most of HAV infections have been sporadic cases and a relatively low number of cases (approximately 100–150) of acute hepatitis A were reported in 2012 and 2013. However, in 2014, 342 cases were reported as of week 22. In order to characterize the viral agents causing this outbreak, we collected stool or sera (and both for three case) from patients with hepatitis A from many regions throughout Japan and performed genotyping of the VP1/P2A regions of HAV. We then used a multiple-alignment algorithm to compare the nucleotide sequences with those of reference strains. Phylogenetic tree analyses revealed that the 159 HAV isolates were divided into three subgenotypes: IA (137 cases), IB (4 cases), and IIIA (18 cases). The most unique feature of this outbreak was that for most subgenotype IA cases (103 out of 137 IA cases) the sequences analyzed shared 100% homology. Interestingly, the peak week for these IA infections was almost the same nationwide, suggesting that the epidemic of hepatitis A caused by this subgenotype IA strain may have expanded from a single source possibly because of one food-borne or waterborne source that was distributed nationwide at once.     

A village outbreak of hepatitis A: Acquaintance network and inapparent pre-school transmission compared

A village outbreak of 38 cases of serologically confirmed hepatitis A is described. The epidemic curve was a propagative one and all of the cases occurred in primary school-age or pre-school children. In 1984 the incidence in this age group was 5,000 per 100,000, about 50 times the corresponding national rate. Although 21 of the cases attended the single primary shool, these cases were not clustered within school years or classes and examination of onset dates showed only four cases could have resulted from case transmission within classes.A matched triplet case-control study was undertaken to measure the risk associated with prior contact with a case within the acquaintance network and the risk of household contact with either of the two pre-school nurseries where inapparent transmission may have been occurring. Whereas a similar proportion of cases and controls had direct or indirect contact with the nurseries, 48% of cases, compared with 9% of controls, reported a previous case of jaundice within 6 weeks amongst their acquaintance network (matched triplet analysis P < 0001).     

蒙城县某小学一起甲肝聚集性疫情调查分析

目的总结分析甲肝疫情聚集性发生原因,探讨在校内发生甲肝聚集疫情后,如何采取有针对性的控制措施迅速扑灭疫情,减少社会影响,为科学地开展甲肝防制工作提供依据。方法应用现场流行病学方法进行调查分析。结果本次疫情共报告13例,病例组与对照组学生喝生水存在统计学意义,P=0.009。结论此次疫情主要是由水污染和密切接触引起,通过对流行因素的分析,采取有针对性的防制措施,甲肝疫情得到了有效控制。     

An acupuncture-associated outbreak of hepatitis B in Jerusalem

Two clusters of between five and eleven cases of hepatitis B associated with acupuncture treatment by a physician occurred in Jerusalem in late 1986. The origin of the outbreak is believed to have been an Ethiopian immigrant surgical patient, a known HBsAg carrier, who infected an operating room nurse during a surgical procedure. This is the first recorded instance of transmission of HBV from an Ethiopian immigrant to the local Israeli population. We reiterate the need for the enforcement of correct sterilization techniques in all skin-piercing settings, a step which in many countries will require the licensing of a variety of occupations not presently covered by health regulations.