广东省登革热病原学和血清学检测

目的了解１９７８～１９９５年广东省多次发生登革热Ⅰ～Ⅳ型流行的病原学。方法在流行区捕捉９种蚊媒，进行病毒分离。结果阳性率白纹伊蚊为２０．６９％，埃及伊蚊为１８．９５％，致乏库蚊为１０．２９％，其余６种蚊媒为阴性。这三种蚊媒间的病毒分离阳性率无显著性差异（χ２＝２．７７，Ｐ＞０．０５）。在海南岛和湛江地区，埃及伊蚊是主要的传播媒介，其他的流行区是白纹伊蚊。患者发病３天内病毒分离的阳性率在７３．５８％～８２．０５％之间，发病第８天仍可分离到病毒。患者双相血清检测抗体的阳性率最高为９３．８９％，最低为３３．７１％；发病第５天后可检测到１ｇＭ抗体，最长可维持至病后第３３天。结论发病１～４天可采血进行病毒分离，５天后可检测ＩｇＭ抗体，进行早期快速诊断     

登革热病人2／4型登革热病毒的双重感染

１９９３年９￣１０月间，广东省佛山市、广州市发现疑似登革热病例。采集４９例病人急性期血清，分别接种Ｃ６／３６白纹伊蚊细胞系进行病毒分离，其中有２３例出现细胞病变（４６．９％）。选取１１例病毒人的急性期血清及组织培养物应用登革热单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光（ＭｃＡｂ－ＩＦＡ）、逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测，结果显示：７／１１例与２型、４型登革热单克隆抗体呈特异性荧光反应，４／１１例为阴性。面直     

广州市白云区2006年登革热流行特征分析

目的分析白云区2006年登革热流行病学特征。为制定登革热预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法应用流行病学方法调查分析白云区登革热流行病学特点，应用ELISA法对疑似登革热病例血清进行IgM／IgG抗体检测。结果2006年白云区登革热由I型登革热病毒引起。流行历时83d，共发生病例70例，发病全部集中在8—11月。病例主要集中在人口流动大的城乡结合部。全部病例中男性发病25例，女性发病45例；发病年龄最小6岁，最大81岁。职业分布以家务、农民、学生发病率较高。结论2006年白云区登革热流行形势严峻．在实践中不断探索和完善登革热预防控制技术和管理模式能有效地预防控制其发生和流行。     

广州市海珠区1996—2006年登革热流行病学分析

目的了解1996—2006年海珠区登革热的流行特征。方法对1996—2006年海珠区登革热疫情数据采用流行病学方法进行分析。结果海珠区1996—2006年共报告登革热病例131例。年均发病率为1．47／10万，每年发病率波动在0-8．09／10万之间。其中7-11月是发病高峰；20～39岁年龄组年均发病率最高，各年龄组发病率的差异有统计学意义（Χ^2=25．229，P〈0．001）。结论登革热具有周期性发病率上升的流行特点，其发病率与当地人群的易感性和蚊媒密度有关。     

中国2011-2015年登革热疫情分析

本文探讨了中国2011-2015年登革热疫情的时空分布特征.收集整理中国各省2011-2015年登革热疫情监测数据,应用ArcGIS 9.0软件建立地理信息库,利用SaTScan7.0软件进行时空聚类分析,确定登革热疫情发生的时空热点区域,再对该热点区域进一步进行疫情分析.中国2011-2015年登革热疫情呈显著的聚集性分布.一级时空聚类区为广东省2014年10月;存在2个二级聚类区,一个是云南省2015年10月,另一个是江西、福建省2014年9月.登革热的热点区域广东省2013-2015年的时空聚类分析显示,一级聚类区为广州市、东莞市和佛山市,聚类时段为2014年9-10月;二级聚类区为广东省东部的潮州市,聚类时间为2015年9月.我国2011-2015年登革热疫情主要分布于东南沿海区域(以广东省为主)、西南部地区(以云南省为主).广东省2013-2014年登革发疫情主要聚集于该省的中部地区,2015年高发聚集区东移至该省东部.     

登革热疫点22年后的血清流行病学调查

目的了解曾发生登革热流行的旧疫区健康人群抗登革病毒的抗体水平及分布。方法在1986年曾爆发Ⅱ型登革热疫情的黄埔区鱼珠街一带,对2周内无临床症状的健康人群横断面采样,收集血清,ELISA法检测血清中抗登革病毒IgG抗体,并和非疫点健康人群抗登革病毒IgG抗体阳性率进行比较。RT—PCR法检测抗体阳性者血清中登革病毒。结果登革热疫点健康人群抗登革病毒IgG抗体阳性率为23.3％,非疫点健康人群抗登革病毒IgG抗体阳性率为3．8％,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;登革热疫点人群抗体阳性率与年龄成正相关,0～20、21～30、31—40、41～50、51—60、61～70和70岁以上各年龄组的抗体阳性率分别为3．8％、5．8％、9．1％、26．5％、27．7％、32．5％和35．1％。30岁以下年龄组与31～40岁年龄组、31～d0岁年龄组与41～60岁年龄组、41-60岁年龄组与61岁年龄组间的抗登革病毒IgG抗体阳性率差异分别具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。登革热疫点和非疫点15岁以下中小学生滤纸血样标本中均未检测到抗登革病毒IgG抗体。RT—PCR法未检测到抗体阳性者血清中有登革病毒。结论登革热疫点人群抗登革病毒IgG阳性率明显高于非疫点人群,疫点人群抗体阳性率随年龄增长而上升,提示登革热疫点在登革热疫情后,登革病毒可能在蚊媒体内存在低密度的循环。     

登革热患者血液中病毒滴度的动态观察

１９８６年海南岛Ⅱ型登革病毒流行时，对７例患者发病当天至第５天，定时取血观察血液中的病毒滴度变化情况。实验结果表明，病毒血症高峰期是在起病２天内（Ｌｏｇ１０ＴＣＩＤ５０／０．０２５ｍｌ为４．４４～≥８．５０，平均为７．３１）；病毒血症至少维持３天（Ｌｏｇ１０ＴＣＩＤ５０／０．０２５ｍｌ为２．００～８．３３，平均为４．７５）；第４天多数可（５／７）检出病毒（Ｌｏｇ１０ＴＣＩＤ５０／０．０２５ｍｌ为２．００～３．２３，平均为２．５０）；第５天病毒血症全部消失。提示，临床标本的采集时机，以及合理使用蚊帐，防止蚊子叮咬，对病原学诊断和控制登革热具有实际意义。     

登革热病毒RNA实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,测定登革热病毒（DV）及DV病毒的RNA拷贝数。方法利用TaqMan探针,建立实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,通过对登革热病毒RNA定量外标准品的定量分析,优化反应体系,检测TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法的灵敏度、特异性和重复性。结果该方法检测灵敏度可达1×103copies/mL,特异性及重复性良好,对同一样品进行5次重复检测,其循环阈值的平均标准偏差为0.792。结论TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR法特异性、敏感性高,稳定性好,可用于定量测定登革热病毒及DVRNA载量。     

A comparative study of serological diagnosis of Dengue outbreak 2019

PurposeThe interpretation & correlation of the different laboratory parameters in positive dengue cases in order to evaluate that which laboratory test is more significant for diagnosis of Dengue.MethodsProspective examination of samples (patients'' serum) for dengue virus of different genotype by using multiplex anti-dengue IgM, IgG. We have done NS-1 test by (ICT) immunochromatographic devices, and complete blood picture (CBC) by Sysmex XP-100.ResultDetection of Viral RNA in 100 patients showed effects in the total of 73 (73.0%) samples. This graphical comparison shows the whole positive cases including dengue NS-I antigen, dengue serology (IgM & IgG), total 62 positive cases of NS-I are detected, 10 positive cases of dengue IgM and 9 positive cases of IgG detected, in which Complete Blood Test (CBC) shows remarkable reduction in Platelets (32 cases) and Leucopenia in (24 positive cases).ConclusionIn this research, it is concluded that the diagnosis of dengue cases is preliminary limited to initial stages i.e. CBC or sometimes dengue NS-I, as dengue IgM severity is more effective than that of Dengue NS-I & IgG. Many patients who had negative results in CBC and NS-1 testing, became positive when IgM and IgG serology testing has been done.     

鼻硬结病的病原学检测及病理形态观察

目的 研究鼻硬结病的临床病理特点,探讨鼻硬结病的发病及组织损伤的机理。方法 以３３例鼻硬结病患者的组织标本为研究对象,全部用组织化学Ｗａｒｔｈｉｎ－Ｓｔａｒｒｙ（Ｗ－Ｓ）染色,５例进行透射电镜观察。结果 经Ｗ－Ｓ染色在肉芽肿内的Ｍｉｋｕｌｉｃｚ细胞内检测出大量短棒状务硬结杆菌,细胞外偶见。电镜显示Ｍｉｋｕｌｉｃｚ细胞内出现大量吞噬泡,将细胞器挤到一侧,粗面内织网及溶酶体很少。绝大多数鼻硬结杆菌寄宿于Ｍｉｋｕｌｉｃｚ细胞的吞噬泡内,数量多达十几条,细菌壁有一层高电子密度的精、细颗粒,显示胞内菌的特点。结论 鼻硬结杆菌可能是一种兼性胞内菌,具有抵抗巨吞噬细胞降解,能在巨吞噬细胞内大量繁殖和传播的能力,而肉芽肿形成和纤维化是造成组织损伤的主要原因。     

An epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus in elderly people: clinical and serological findings

In 1984-1985, an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection occurred in two geriatric wards. Among 68 patients (mean age +/- SD = 82.5 +/- 12.5 with respiratory signs, 52 had signs caused by RSV infection. Among all patients, the clinical and serological attack rates were 61.2% and 75.0%, respectively. The most frequent clinical presentation was intensive coughing (96.1%) and fever (96.1%) associated with expectorate (63.5%). The duration of the respiratory symptoms was 5 to 7 days. The disease gradually resolved, although in eight (15.4%) patients complications occurred. For periods of up to 1 year after infection, 172 sera were obtained and tested by complement fixation test (CFT), fluorescent assays for titrating specific IgG, IgA, and IgM, and Western blotting. Specific IgM appeared in six (11.5%) of the infected patients and peaked 2 to 6 months after infection, and there was no significant correlation with severity of clinical symptoms. However, higher peak G and A antibody responses were observed in persons with rales (CFT: P = 0.008; IgG: P = 0.042; IgA: P = 0.020), cough (IgG: P = 0.034), sputum (IgG: P = 0.030), dyspnea (CFT: P = 0.024), conjunctivitis (CFT: P = 0.025), and bronchitis (CFT: P = 0.018). The temporal patterns of IgA and CFT results were found to be similar, whereas IgG peaked later, i.e., between 2 and 6 months. The patients with the most severe symptoms had the highest antibody titers obtained by conventional tests and by Western blots. Thus, RSV can be an epidemic pathogen among elderly persons, although this illness is usually mild.     

Rotavirus infection in a maternity home based on virological and serological study data]

The studies carried out in a maternity house, employing a set of virological and serological methods, revealed the facts of introduction of rotavirus infection into the maternity house, and followed the further spread of the infection. Epidemiological surveys evaluated the sources of infection (parturients, newborns, medical personnel), means of spread of rotavirus infection, and analysed the epidemiological advantages of wards for mother and newborn baby staying together.     

An epidemic of human anthrax--a study.

Twenty-five cases of human anthrax, occurring after contact with a Jercy cow infected with B. anthracis and consumption of its improperly cooked meat after death, were reported. Cutaneous anthrax was the predominant variety in 18 persons, 7 had intestinal anthrax, out of them 2 children died, 5 adults survived and one among them developed associated cutaneous anthrax also. All the persons with cutaneous anthrax recovered with treatment.     

Mycological and serological diagnosis of cryptococcosis]

Methods for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis have been established, including serotyping and serodiagnosis. Slide agglutination tests with factor sera, the phenol oxidase test, and the growth test at 37C are used for rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. We identified 140 strains and found that 86, 10, and 4% of the isolates were serotypes A, D, and A-D, respectively. Twelve of 14 serotype D strains were isolated from cutaneous cryptococcosis. The most reliable method of serodiagnosis is the latex agglutination (LA) test for detection of polysaccharide antigen combined with protease pretreatment. The LA test is also used for prognosis. The clearance of cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen often takes a few years after treatment. To model the persistence of cryptococcal polysaccharides, we examined the clearance of antigen from the blood of rabbits injected with polysaccharide. The distribution and elimination half-lives of the antigen suggest the prolonged survival of C. neoformans. Recently, the number of cases of C. albidus and C. laurentii has been increasing. The antigenic pattern and the sensitivity of C. albidus in the LA test are the same as that of C. neoformans serotype A. In contrast, C. laurentii does not react with factor sera for C. neoformans and the reactivity with sensitized latex is extremely low. These results were supported by the chemical structures of polysaccharides from these species. We should consider non-neoformans cases in both the identification of isolates and in serodiagnosis.     

登革病毒样颗粒疫苗的研究现状

登革病毒引起的疾病是一种严重威胁人类健康的蚊媒性急性传染病.但至今仍没有获批准的疫苗可用.近年,一种新的病毒样颗粒(VLPs)能使免疫小鼠产生中和性抗体和持久、特异的T淋巴免疫记忆细胞.VLPs克服了传统疫苗的很多不足,具有较大应用潜力.