校正TIMI帧数与ST段回落评价老年急性心肌梗死患者支架成形术后心肌组织灌注

目的　观察老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者冠状动脉介入 (PCI)治疗成功后 ,校正的 TIMI帧数 (CTFC)与心电图 ST段回落联合评价心肌组织水平灌注的可行性。方法　选取接受 PCI治疗后血流达 TIMI3级的老年 AMI患者 42例 ,测定 CTFC,并在术前及术后 1月分别测定室壁运动记分 (WMSI)。观察 CTFC与 WMSI之间的相关性 ,同时检查术前及术后 1 h心电图 ST段回落情况。结果　按照 CTFC将 TIMI血流 3级者分为快、慢两组 ,快 CTFC组 ST段回落程度明显优于慢 CTFC组 ;一个月后快 CTFC组的 WMSI改善程度明显优于慢 CTFC组 ,CTFC与术前、术后WMSI的差值有明显的负相关 ;快 CTFC组患者从发病到接受 PCI治疗的时间明显短于慢 CTFC组。结论　 CTFC作为一种定量、客观、简单、经济、重复性好的方法评价心肌微循环灌注情况 ,较低的 CTFC及心电图 ST段回落完全预示着良好的心功能恢复及临床预后 ,可为临床提供是否需要进一步辅助治疗的依据。     

急性冠状动脉支架成形术后心肌组织灌注的临床研究

目的 观察急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗成功后，校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)与心电图ST段回落联合评价心肌组织水平灌注的可行性。方法 测定PCI治疗后血流达。TIMI3级患者的CTFC，并在术前及术后1个月分别测定室壁运动记分(WMSI)。观察CTFC与WMSI之间的相关性，同时检查术前及术后1小时心电图ST段回落情况。结果 按照CTFC将，TIMI血流3级者分为快、慢两组，快CTFC组患者ST段回落程度明显优于慢CTFC组；1个月后快CTFC组患者的室壁运动记分改善程度明显优于慢CTFC组，CTFC与术前、术后WMSI的差值有明显的负相关；快CTFC组患者从发病到接受PCI治疗的时间明显短于慢CTFC组。结论 CTFC作为一种定量、客观、简单、经济、重复性好的方法评价心肌微循环灌注情况，较低的CTFC及心电图ST段回落完全预示着良好的心功能恢复，可为临床提供是否需要进一步辅助治疗的证据。     

校正的TIMI帧数评价急性心肌梗死血管成形术后心肌组织灌注

目的观察急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗成功后,即TIMI血流达到3级时,用校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)评价心肌组织水平灌注的可行性.方法选取急性心肌梗死患者急症PCI治疗后血流达TIMI 3级者63例,其中男45例,女18例.测定患者的CTFC,并在术前及术后1个月分别测定室壁运动记分(WMSI).观察CTFC与WMSI之间的相关性.结果按照CTFC将TIMI血流3级者分为快、慢两组,1个月后快CTFC组的WMSI改善程度明显优于慢CTFC组,CTFC与术前、术后WMSI的差值有明显的负相关;快CTFC组患者从发病到接受PCI治疗的时间明显短于慢CTFC组.结论较低的CTFC预示着良好的心功能恢复及临床预后,它是一种定量、客观、简单、经济、重复性好的方法,用其评价心肌循环灌注情况可为临床提供是否需要进一步辅助治疗的证据.     

老年急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉支架成形术后心肌组织水平灌注的评价

目的　观察老年急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入 (PCI)治疗成功后 ,即心肌梗死溶栓治疗 (TIMI)血流达到 3级时 ,校正TIMI帧数 (CTFC)与心电图ST段回落联合评价心肌组织水平灌注的可行性。　方法　选取接受PCI治疗后血流达TIMI 3级的老年急性心肌梗死患者 4 2例 ,测定CTFC ,并在术前及术后 1个月分别测定室壁运动记分 (WMSI)。观察CTFC与WMSI之间的相关性 ,同时检查术前及术后 1h心电图ST段回落情况。　结果　按照CTFC数值的高低 ,将TIMI 3级者分为血流快、慢两组 ,快CTFC组ST段完全回落比例明显高于慢CTFC组 (5 9 3%对 2 0 0 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;1个月后快CTFC组的室壁运动记分改善程度 (△WMSI)明显大于慢CTFC组 (1 33± 0 39对0 6 2± 0 34,P <0 0 5 ) ,CTFC与术前、术后WMSI的差值有明显的负相关 (r =- 0 80 11,P <0 0 5 ) ;慢CTFC组患者从发病到接受PCI治疗的时间明显长于快CTFC组〔(5 8± 2 6 )h对 (4 5±2 2 )h ,P <0 0 5 )。　结论　CTFC作为一种定量、客观、简单、经济、重复性好的方法评价心肌微循环灌注情况 ,较低的CTFC及心电图ST段回落完全预示着良好的心功能恢复及临床预后 ,可为临床提供是否需要进一步辅助治疗的依据。     

A randomized study of prourokinase during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intracoronary administration of prourokinase via balloon catheter during primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods

Acute STEMI patients underwent primary PCI were randomly divided into two groups: intracoronary prourokinase (IP) group (n = 118) and control group (n = 112). During primary PCI, prourokinase or saline were injected to the distal end of the culprit lesion via balloon catheter after balloon catheter dilatation. Demographic and clinical characteristics, infarct size, myocardial reperfusion, and cardiac functions were evaluated and compared between two groups. Hemorrhagic complications and MACE occurred in the 6‐months follow up were recorded.

Results

No significant differences were observed between two groups with respect to baseline demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics (P > 0.05). In IP group, more patients had complete ST segment resolution (>70%) compared with control group (P < 0.05). Patients in IP group showed lower levels of serum CK, CK‐MB and TnI, and a much higher myocardial blood flow (MBF) than those in control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences of TIMI major or minor bleeding complications were observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 6‐months follow‐up, there was a trend that patients in the IP group had a less chance to have MACE, though it was not statistically different (8.5% vs 12.5%, P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Intracoronary administration of prourokinase via balloon catheter during primary PCI effectively improved myocardial perfusion in STEMI patients.     

急性心肌梗死直接PCI与溶栓后补救性PCI的对比研究

目的:研究急性心肌梗死后直接经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)和溶栓后补救性PCI的临床造影结果和短期预后,观察终点为30天的死亡率。 方法:连续入选150例ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者。按溶栓与否分为直接PCI组110例(73.3％)和溶栓后补救性PCI组40例(26.7％),溶栓药物包括重组葡激酶、重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂、重组纤溶酶原激活剂和尿激酶。分析其临床、造影和预后特点。 结果:与溶栓后补救性PCI组比较,直接PCI组CK和CK-MB峰值低(P<0.05),校正的心肌梗死溶栓临床试验的帧数(corrected TIMI framecounts,CTFC)低(P<0.05),心肌梗死溶栓临床试验心肌灌注分级(TIMI myocardial perfu-sion grades,TMPG)高(P<0.05),死亡率显著降低(P<0.01)。 结论:溶栓后补救性PCI可能使心肌酶增高,死亡率增加。     

Blood flow velocity in donor coronary artery depends on the degree and pattern of collateral vessel development: a study using thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count method.

To understand the influence of collateral vessels on the coronary flow, TIMI frame count (TFC) method was applied as a measure of mean coronary blood flow velocity in artery giving collateral blood supply to the other artery in angiograms of 76 patients with single occluded coronary artery: RCA giving collaterals to occluded LAD or LAD giving collaterals to occluded RCA. As a control group, TFC was applied in angiograms of 30 patients with mild or no coronary artery disease. TFC was lower (faster blood flow) in LAD giving collaterals to occluded RCA (43 patients) than in LAD in control group (21.8 +/- 10.5 vs. 33.9 +/- 20.8 frames; P < 0.01). Higher degree of collateral vessels (Rentrop classification) and mixed- and distal-type collaterals (through the interventricular septum and heart apex) was associated with lower TFC. There was no difference in TFC in the RCA giving collaterals to an occluded LAD (33 patients) compared to the TFC in RCA in control group (16.6 +/- 9.0 vs. 18.5 +/- 6.0; P = NS), even in angiograms with higher degree of collateral vessel development. TFC was lower (faster blood flow) only in subgroups with mixed (proximal and distal types together in the same patient) and distal (through the interventricular septum and the apex of the heart) collateral types. A delayed contrast appearance in occluded LAD compared to occluded RCA has been found (35.1 +/- 16.1 vs. 20.2 +/- 7.3 frames; P < 0.001) with earlier contrast appearance in occluded LAD when proximal collateral vessels (through the conal and acute marginal branches of RCA) were presented. The coronary flow in donor arteries depends not only on the degree but also on the pattern of collateral vessels. The simple TFC method may facilitate the study of collateral filling pattern and offer insight into the influence of collaterals on the ventricular function.     

Role of plasma glucose level on myocardial perfusion in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients

Aims

Hyperglycemia is frequent in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is associated with adverse outcome. Aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between admission plasma glucose level (PGL) and coronary arteries flow velocity.

Clinical impact of complete atrioventricular block in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction

Complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) is a common complication of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although STEMI patients complicated with CAVB had a higher mortality in the thrombolytic era, little is known about the impact of CAVB on STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study aimed at evaluating the clinical impact of CAVB on STEMI patients in the primary PCI era. We consecutively enrolled 1295 STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI within 24 hours from onset. Patients were divided into two groups according to the infarct location: anterior STEMI (n = 640) and nonanterior STEMI (n = 655). The outcomes were all‐cause death and major adverse cardiocerebrovascular events (MACCE) with a median follow‐up period of 3.8 (1.7–6.6) years. Eighty‐one patients (6.3%) developed CAVB. The incidence of CAVB was lower in anterior STEMI patients than in nonanterior STEMI (1.7% vs 10.7%, p < .05). Anterior STEMI patients with CAVB had a higher incidence of all‐cause deaths (82% vs 20%, p < .05) and MACCE (82% vs 25%, p < .05) than those without CAVB. Although higher incidence of all‐cause deaths was found more in nonanterior STEMI patients with CAVB compared with those without CAVB (30% vs 18%, p < .05), there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACCE (24% vs 19%). Multivariate analysis showed that CAVB was an independent predictor for all‐cause mortality and MACCE in anterior STEMI patients, but not in nonanterior STEMI. CAVB is rare in anterior STEMI patients, but remains a poor prognostic complication even in the primary PCI era.     

Angiographic and clinical outcomes in elderly subjects treated with percutaneous coronary intervention following fibrinolytic administration for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Background Prior studies have demonstrated that the achievement of faster coronary artery flow following reperfusion therapies is associated with improved outcomes among ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. The association of patient age with angiographic characteristics of flow and perfusion after rescue/adjunctive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following the administration of fibrinolytic therapy has not been previously investigated. Objectives and Methods We examined the association between age (≥70 years or < 70years) and clinical and angiographic outcomes in 1472 STEMI patients who underwent rescue/adjunctive PCI following fibrinolytic therapy in 7 TIMI trials. We hypothesized that elderly patients would have slower post-PCI epicardial flow and worsened outcomes compared to younger patients. Results The 218 patients aged≥70 years (14.8%) had more comorbidities than younger patients. Although these patients had significant angiographic improvement in TTMI frame counts and rates of TIMI Grade 3 flow following rescue/adjunctive PCI, elderly patients had higher (slower) post-PCI TTMI frame counts compared to the younger cohort (25 vs 22 frames, P = 0.039) , and less often achieved post-PCI TTMI Grade 3 flow (80.1 vs 86.4% , P = 0.017). The association between age (≥70 years) and slower post-PCI flow was independent of gender, time to treatment, left anterior descending (LAD) lesion location, and pulse and blood pressure on admission. Elderly patients also had 4-fold higher mortality at 30 days (12.0 vs 2.7% , P = 0. 001). Conclusions This study suggests one possible mechanism underlying worsened outcomes among elderly STEMI patients insofar as advanced chronological age was associated with higher TTMI frame counts and less frequent TIMI Grade 3 flow after rescue/adjunctive PCI. (J Geriatr Gardiol 2005;2(1) :10-14)     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌灌注水平对心肌存活性的影响

目的:应用TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMP)分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注状况对心肌存活性的影响。方法:所有使梗死相关动脉(IRA)达到TIMI3级血流的AMI患者,根据PCI后即刻冠状动脉造影的TMP分级评价的心肌灌注状况,分为A组(TMP为2～3级,57例),B组(TMP为0～1级,31例)。运用静息及含服硝酸甘油介入99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像(MPI)来评价2组的存活心肌并于12周再次行静息99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像(MPI)评价存活心肌的恢复情况。结果:术后1周心肌存活面积A组高于B组[(5.43±4.89):(4.12±4.15),P<0.05],术后12周A组心肌缺损面积改善程度较B组明显[A组由(26.54±12.71)降至(17.86±11.59),P<0.05),B组由(39.37±16.31)降至(37.19±10.79),P>0.05]。结论:AMI患者行PCI术后心肌组织灌注TMP分级2～3级,可提高存活心肌的数量,心肌恢复较快。     

血清XBP-1S水平与急性心肌梗死急诊PCI治疗后心肌灌注损伤的相关性

目的 分析血清剪切型X-盒结合蛋白1（XBP-1S）水平与急性心肌梗死（AMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后发生心肌灌注损伤的关系。方法 前瞻选取2018年1月-2020年1月期间本院急诊接受PCI治疗的150例AMI患者,全部患者均接受PCI治疗,依据PCI 6h后是否发生心肌灌注损伤,将入选者分为发生组与未发生组,调查两组一般资料、检测实验室指标并比较,重点分析PCI治疗前血清XBP-1S水水平与患者心肌灌注损伤的关系。结果 全部150例AMI患者,经PCI治疗6h后,发生心肌灌注损伤69例,发生率为46.00%;发生组血清MPO、XBP-1S水平均高于未发生组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;组间其他资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;经Logistic回归分析结果显示,治疗前血清MPO、XBP-1S水平与AMI患者经PCI治疗后发生心肌灌注损伤有关,各指标过表达可能是AMI患者经PCI治疗后发生心肌灌注损伤的风险因子（OR＞1,P＜0.05）;绘制ROC曲线,结果显示,治疗前血清MPO、XBP-1S水平单独及联合预测AMI患者经PCI治疗后发生心肌灌注损伤风险的AUC＞0.80,预测价值较理想,且以治疗前血清MPO、XBP-1S的cut-off值分别为85.980AUU/L、159.023pg/ml时,预测价值最佳。结论 AMI患者PCI前血清XBP-1S水平与PCI后心肌灌注损伤有关,可能是患者经PCI治疗后发生心肌灌注损伤的风险因子,对预测患者心肌灌注损伤发生风险有一定价值。     

Effect of puerarin on myocardial perfusion and ventricular wall motion in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective To investigate the effects of puerarin (Pur) on myocardial perfusion and ventricular wall motion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods Thirty-seven patients with ACS were randomly divided into two groups:conventional treatment group (n= 17,11 males,range of age:32-80 years,average age:60.9±4.9 years) and Pur treatment group (n=20,12 males,range of age:40-76 years,average age:62.7±3.5 years).Patients in the conventional treatment group received standard treatment according to the current guidelines,while patients in the Pur treatment group received intravenous administration of Pur (500 mg/day) for 10 days plus conventional treatment.Real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) was performed to evaluate the change in myocardial perfusion index (MPI) and ventricular wall motion index (VWMI) at admission and 10 days after treatment.Results At 10 days after treatment,MPI was significantly higher (P<0.01) and VWMI significantly lower (P<0.01) in the Pur group comparing with those in the conventional group.Conclusions Puerarin might improve myocardial microcirculation perfusion and ventricular wall motion in patients with ACS.     

国产替罗非班对急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌灌注的影响

目的评价替罗非班在急性心肌梗死（AMI）直接冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中的有效性和安全性。方法行直接PCI治疗的AMI患者,分为预先应用替罗非班组（40例）和对照组（32例）,比较两组患者的无复流发生率、心肌灌注分级（TMPG）和出血并发症。结果两组患者均成功完成PCI操作,试验组有4例（10%）出现无复流或慢复流现象,对照组共有8例（25%）出现无复流现象,试验组无复流发生率有低于对照组的趋势,但未达到显著水平,替罗非班组的TMPGⅢ级比例高于对照组,但未达到统计学显著水平,两组主要不良事件无显著性差异。两组患者总的出血并发症相似,均无严重出血并发症。结论国产替罗非班能降低AMI直接PCI时无复流现象,改善冠状动脉血流,且不增加严重出血并发症。     

Effects of aspiration thrombectomy on necrosis size and ejection fraction after transradial percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction

Background: The use of routine aspiration thrombectomy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial. Methods: Patients in the EArly Discharge after Transradial Stenting of CoronarY Arteries in Acute Myocardial Infarction (n = 105) study were treated with aspirin, clopidogrel, and abciximab within 6 hr of symptoms onset. Operators were allowed to use 6 Fr Export aspiration catheter at their discretion. In this observational analysis, we compared acute and late results in patients treated with and without thrombectomy using cardiac biomarkers, angiographic, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and clinical parameters. Results. Patients in the thrombectomy group (n = 44) had longer symptoms to balloon time (196 ± 86 min vs. 164 ± 62, P = 0.039) and higher incidence of preprocedural TIMI flow grade 0 or 1 (84% vs. 64%, P = 0.028). Following PCI, both groups had similar incidence of TIMI flow grade 3 (93 vs. 92%, P = 0.73) and myocardial blush grade 2 or 3 (80 vs. 77%, P = 0.86), respectively. Patients in thrombectomy group had significantly higher post‐PCI maximum values of creatine kinase‐MB (P = 0.0007) and troponin T (P = 0.0010). Accordingly, post‐PCI myocardial necrosis by CMR was higher (P = 0.0030) in patients in the thrombectomy group. At 6‐month follow‐up, necrosis size remained higher (20.7% ± 13.3% vs. 13.5% ± 11.1%, P = 0.012) in the thrombectomy group. Ejection fraction at 6 months was 65% ± 9% in patients in thrombectomy group compared to 70% ± 11% in patients without (P = 0.070). Results were not affected by initial TIMI flow or symptoms to balloon time. Clinical events remained comparable in both groups at 12 months follow‐up. Conclusion: In patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction presenting within 6 hr of symptoms and undergoing primary angioplasty with maximal antiplatelet therapy, acute and late results did not suggest significant benefit for additional aspiration thrombectomy, irrespective of initial TIMI flow or total ischemic time. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.