糖尿病患者听力损失的临床特点分析

目的分析糖尿病患者与健康者听觉能力差异,探讨糖尿病患者听力损伤的影响因素。方法纳入2011年10月至2013年12月期间,在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院内分泌科就诊并符合入组条件的2型糖尿病患者110例和无耳科疾病史,年龄与性别相匹配、无高血压、高血糖、高血脂的健康志愿者40例。通过问卷及纯音测听检查调查受试者听力状况。根据性别、年龄、糖尿病病程以及血糖控制水平分组。结果在被调查的110例糖尿病患者中:131例主诉存在听力损失的患者纯音测听证实均有听力损失;而主诉听力正常的79例患者,有43例(54.4%)出现了不同程度听力损失。2糖尿病组各频率听阈均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),且平均听力水平较正常对照组差,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。3男性听力损失发病率(46/60,76.7%)高于女性(28/50,56%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.021);年龄40岁以上各年龄层的听力损失发病率(60%,60.5%,88.1%)明显高于年龄40岁以下各年龄层的发病率(16.7%,25%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。4糖尿病病程≥10年者听力损失发病率(45/56,80.4%)高于病程<5年者(16/29,55.2%)和5年≤病程<10年者(13/25,52.0%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.006)。5不同血糖控制水平听力损失发病率的差异无统计学意义(P=0.465)。结论糖尿病患者存在较高的听功能损伤风险。患者的主观感觉不能准确反映其听觉程度,无听力下降主诉的糖尿病患者中约1/2的人群存在听力下降。听力损失的发病率与糖尿病病程有关,与血糖控制水平无关。     

纯音测听在糖调节异常患者听功能检测中的应用

目的通过检测糖调节异常(impaired glucose regulation,IGR)患者的纯音测听情况,探讨其在IGR患者听觉功能筛查中的价值。方法口服葡萄糖耐量试验组筛查入选无耳聋症状的IGR患者30例,同时选取年龄性别匹配正常人30例作为对照组。对入选人群行纯音测听、声导抗检查。结果 1IGR组30例中11例(36.67%)存在听力损失,正常对照组30例中3例(10%)存在听力损失,两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.963,P=0.015)。2IGR组各频率纯音听阈均较对照组升高,在4 000Hz及8 000 Hz差异有统计学意义(P=0.008,P=0.003)。3IGR组有耳鸣症状者11例,其中伴听力损失3例,与无耳鸣症状者比较,两组听力损失发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.466)。结论 IGR患者听力损失发生率高,且表现为高频听力受损,听力损失可发生于耳聋症状前。     

2型糖尿病患者69例听力检查分析

目的评价2型糖尿病患者的听功能，并探讨性别和糖尿病病程对2型糖尿病患者听功能的影响。方法测定69例2型糖尿病患者和45例年龄匹配的正常人的纯音测听，比较两组听功能有无差异。结果糖尿病组听力损害的发生率为40．6％，对照组为2．2％，两组间差异显著（P〈0．001）。糖尿病患者听力在各个频率均有下降，高频听力下降更为明显。男性糖尿病组比女性糖尿病组的低频听阈降低，而在高频听闻升高。未发现病程对糖尿病患者听功能的影响。结论2型糖尿病患者听力损害的比例较高且临床症状不明显，门诊的积极听力学检查有助于糖尿病听力损害的早期诊断和干预治疗。     

糖尿病合并尿路感染的临床相关因素分析

目的 探讨糖尿病合并尿路感染的临床相关因素.方法 回顾性分析83例糖尿病合并尿路感染临床资料.结果 (1)糖尿病合并尿路感染发生率14.48%;(2)糖尿病患者年龄越大,尿路感染发生率越高(P＜0.01);(3)女性发病率比男性高(P＜0.01);(4)尿路感染与糖尿病病程密切相关(P＜0.01);(5)尿路感染与糖尿病患者空腹血糖有关(P＜0.05).(6)尿路感染的糖尿病患者其他并发症发生率高(P＜0.01).结论 糖尿病容易合并尿路感染,糖尿病合并尿路感染与患者的年龄、性别、病程及空腹血糖密切相关,糖尿病尿路感染者其他并发症发生率高.     

冠心病与糖尿病的临床相关性探讨

目的　探讨冠心病与糖尿病的临床相关性。方法　将 196例患者分成冠心病组、糖尿病组、糖尿病合并冠心病组 ,分别对三组的临床资料进行综合性对比分析。结果　冠心病组男性患病率明显高于女性 (P <0 0 1) ,糖尿病合并冠心病组则以女性患病率明显高于男性 (P <0 0 1) ,三组 >6 0岁者患病率高于 <6 0岁患者 ,以糖尿病合并冠心病组为明显 ,糖尿病并冠心病 >10年病程者患病率明显高于 <5年病程者。冠心病组心肌梗塞、心绞痛发生率高 ,血脂较高 ,与糖尿病组相比差异显著。结论　冠心病及糖尿病患病率男性 >女性 ,>6 0岁患病率高。糖尿病并冠心病患者则以高龄女性患者率高 ,糖尿病并冠心病患病率与病程有关 ,冠心病患者心肌梗塞、心绞痛发生率明显高于糖尿病组。     

42例糖尿病患者听力测试结果分析

对42例(84耳)糖尿病(Ⅱ型)患者进行纯音测听,发现55耳为感音神经性聋,以2kHz以上高频损害明显(P<0.01)。糖尿病伴血脂增高者与血脂正常者间听力损害无显著差异;病程>5年者8kHz听力损害程度较病程≤5年者为重(P<0.01)。     

畸变产物耳声发射在社区糖尿病患者听力监测中的应用

目的 了解社区2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者听力损失知晓率及听力现状,探讨畸变产物耳声发射（distortion products otoacoustic emission,DPOAE）在社区T2DM患者听功能监测中的应用。方法 2018年4月至2018年10月,因糖尿病就诊于北京市东城区天坛社区卫生服务中心和北京市东城区永外社区卫生服务中心T2DM患者156例,其中,男性69例,女性87例,年龄20~79岁,平均年龄（62.74 ±6.54）岁。对所有患者进行问卷调查、纯音听力检查、声导抗检查和DPOAE检查。结果 听力下降组的DPOAE幅值在各频率较听力正常组降低,其中在1.5 kHz差异有统计学意义（P=0.014）。312耳中,主诉听力下降98耳（31.41%）,DPOAE检查1.5 kHz下降242耳（77.56%）（P=0.000）;老年组230耳,主诉听力下降67耳（29.13%）,DPOAE检查1.5 kHz下降190耳（82.61%）（P=0.000）;中青年组82耳,主诉听力下降31耳（37.80%）,DPOAE检查1.5 kHz下降52耳（63.41%）（P=0.001）。312耳经纯音听力检查发现听力下降216耳（69.23%）。其中主诉听力正常214耳中,纯音听力检查发现130耳（60.75%）存在不同程度的听力下降（P=0.000）。老年组纯音听力检查耳听力下降165耳（71.74%）（P=0.000）;中青年组纯音听力检查证实51耳（62.20%）听力下降（P=0.002）。结论 社区糖尿病患者听力损失发生率高,但知晓率较低,DPOAE检查可在主诉听力下降之前发现耳蜗外毛细胞功能状态的改变,社区糖尿病患者应尽早进行听力保健的健康教育并择时进行听力检查。     

糖尿病患者甲状腺功能变化

目的:了解糖尿病患者甲状腺功能的变化。方法:监测105例糖尿病患者及60例正常对照者的血清游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平,并测定糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白(反应患者近2-3月血糖控制情况),结合患者性别、病程等因素进行相关分析。结果:糖尿病患者的FT3、FT4水平显著低于对照组(P小于0.05),甲状腺功能异常者占36.2%,其中27.6%呈功能减退,8.6%呈功能亢进。结论:糖尿病患者甲状腺功能异常发生率高,尤以甲状腺功能减退的患病率高。     

老年突发性耳聋患者听力损失情况及其与血脂水平相关性研究

目的:探究老年突发性耳聋(SD)听力损失情况及其与血脂水平的相关性。方法:纳入收治的老年SD患者189例，测定所有患者的听力损失严重程度，将轻度和中度患者纳入轻中度组，重度和极重度组纳入重度组。比较两组的临床特征、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。使用二元Logistic回归分析影响老年SD患者听力损失情况的相关因素。结果:189例老年SD患者中，轻度28例(14.81%),中度77例(40.74%),重度65例(34.39%),极重度19例(10.05%)。轻中度组高血压发生率、糖尿病发生率、TG水平、颈动脉斑块(ICAP)发生率均低于重度组，HDL-C水平高于重度组，差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高血压、糖尿病、TG、ICAP均为影响老年SD患者听力损失程度的危险因素，HDL-C为保护性因素(均P<0.05)。结论:合并高血压、糖尿病、高TG水平、ICAP的老年SD患者听力损失更为严重，高HDL-C水平为老年SD患者听力损失的保护性因素。     

糖尿病合并尿路感染137例临床分析

目的探讨糖尿病合并尿路感染发生率及临床相关危险因素。方法采用回顾性分析的方法对我院内分泌科2008年7月。2009年7月收治住院的137例糖尿病并发尿路感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果（1）糖尿病合并尿路感染发生率为16．06％;（2）糖尿病患者年龄越大,尿路感染发生率越高（P〈0．01）;（3）女性发病率比男性高（P〈0．01）;（4）尿路感染与糖尿病病程密切相关（P〈0．05）;（5）尿路感染与糖尿病患者血糖控制情况有关（P〈0．05）。结论糖尿病容易合并尿路感染,血糖控制情况、性别、年龄、病程等是糖尿病患者感染的易发因素。     

北京市昌平区自然人群糖尿病视网膜病变患病率调查及危险因素分析

目的了解北京市昌平区自然人群糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)患病率及相关危险因素。方法根据2010年"昌平区卫生与人群健康状况调查",采用从166万昌平区常住自然人群中随机抽样18岁～79岁的8 155例健康受试者,其中3 760例空腹血糖≥5.6 mmol/L者参加本研究,最终2 551例受试者完成体格检查和血液生化指标的测定,包括空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG),OGTT-2h血糖(oral glucose tolerance test 2h plasma glucose,OGTT-2hPG)和糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c),以及眼底检查,所有人选进行散瞳45°彩色眼底照相,以评价DR分级。结果 2 551例受试者中,已知糖尿病患者280例,新诊断糖尿病患者334例,糖调节受损(impaired glucose regulation,IGR)者853例。糖尿病和IGR患者的DR患病率分别为9.9%和1.2%。新诊断糖尿病患者DR患病率(2.7%)明显低于已知糖尿病患者(18.6%)。在糖尿病患者中,DR的发生与糖尿病病程[OR=1.49(95%CI:1.38～1.62)]、空腹血糖[OR=1.32(95%CI:1.22～1.43)]、2 hPG[OR=1.18(95%CI:1.12～1.24)]、HbA1c[OR=1.66(95%CI:1.45～1.90)],以及收缩压水平[OR=1.16(95%CI:1.02～1.31)]显著相关。结论本研究人群糖尿病和糖尿病前期患者DR患病率明显低于西方国家。糖尿病患者DR发生的主要危险因素是糖尿病病程、高血糖和高血压。     

单基因变异与中国北方汉族2型糖尿病遗传易感性研究

目的在东亚和西非人群中分别进行的全基因组关联研究筛查出KCNQ1基因的rs2237892,AP3S1基因的rs3756555,MAN2A1基因的rs2015698为2型糖尿病易感位点,ALDH7A1基因rs2306617则与肥胖存在关联,而这些位点的作用尚未在中国北方汉族人群中进行探讨,本研究的目的是在中国北方汉族2型糖尿病患者中对这些可能的易感位点进行复制研究。方法应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对KCNQ1基因的rs2237892,AP3S1基因的rs3756555,MAN2A1基因的rs2015698,ALDH7A1基因的rs2306617在无血缘关系的537名2型糖尿病患者和510名对照者中进行基因分型。结果 rs2237892和rs3756555位点的C等位基因显著增加2型糖尿病遗传易感性(P=0.002,P=0.003)。该显著性关联在调整年龄、性别和体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)后仍然存在(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.17～1.95,P=0.002;OR=1.48,95%CI:1.14～1.92,P=0.003)。未能发现rs2015698和rs2306617与2型糖尿病存在关联。通过对对照人群研究发现,调整年龄、性别和BMI后,rs2237892位点CC基因型空腹血糖显著高于其他2基因型(P=0.020);与其他两基因型相比,rs3756555位点CC基因型BMI略有降低(P=0.050)。结论 KCNQ1基因和AP3S1基因遗传变异与中国北方汉族2型糖尿病遗传易感性相关。     

高敏C反应蛋白与糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析

目的了解炎性反应标志物超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitivity C-reaction protein,hsCRP)与糖尿病患者中颈动脉粥样硬化发生之间的关系,加深对糖尿病导致外周血管病变的认识。方法对入选的150例糖尿病患者进行颈动脉超声检查,测量颈总动脉内中膜厚度(IMT),观察有无斑块形成,以判定是否出现颈动脉粥样硬化,并进行血清hsCRP定量检测。对血清hsCRP与颈动脉粥样硬化、颈总动脉内中膜增厚、及斑块形成进行相关性分析。结果①2型糖尿病患者中合并颈动脉粥样硬化者血清hsCRP异常比例明显高于无颈动脉病变者(P<0.01),颈总动脉内中膜增厚者血清hsCRP异常率与正常者相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),与颈动脉斑块形成者比较血清hsCRP异常率差异也有统计学意义(P=0.02);②吸烟与非吸烟患者血清hsCRP异常率差异无统计学意义;③伴有高血压者血清hsCRP异常率与无高血压者的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);④按颈动脉IMT厚度将受试者分为正常和异常2组进行Logistic回归分析发现:年龄(OR=1.023,P=0.00)、hsCRP(OR=1.012,P=0.00)、LDL-C(OR=2.553,P=0.00)、HDL-C(OR=0.146,P=0.00)、高血压(OR=3.465,P=0.00)和吸烟史(OR=2.276,P=0.00)与颈动脉粥样硬化相关。结论血清hsCRP含量与糖尿病颈动脉粥样硬化的发生有一定相关性,合并颈动脉粥样硬化尤其是伴有颈动脉斑块患者的血清hsCRP异常率显著高于无颈动脉病变患者,高血压对血清hsCRP与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的相关性可能产生影响。     

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic post-thoracotomy pain in Chinese patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital

Background  In clinical practice, the mechanisms underlying chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) remain insufficiently understood. The primary goals of this study were to determine the incidence of chronic pain after thoracic surgery and to identify possible risk factors associated with the development of chronic post-thoracotomy pain in Chinese patients. The secondary goal was to determine whether the difference between pre- and post-operative white blood cell (WBC) counts could predict the prevalence of CPSP after thoracotomy. The impact of chronic pain on daily life was also investigated.

Methods  We contacted by phone 607 patients who had undergone thoracotomy at our hospital during the period February 2009 to May 2010. Statistical comparisons were made between patients with or without CPSP.

Results  Results were ultimately analyzed from 466 qualified patients. The overall incidence of CPSP was 64.5%. Difference between pre- and post-operative WBC counts differed significantly between patients with or without CPSP (P <0.001) and was considered as an independent risk factor for the development of CPSP following thoracotomy (P <0.001). Other predictive factors for chronic pain included younger age (<60 years, P <0.001), diabetes mellitus (P=0.023), acute post-operative pain (P=0.005) and the duration of chest tube drainage (P <0.001). At the time of interviews, the pain resulted in at least moderate restriction of daily activities in 15% of the patients, of which only 16 patients had paid a visit to the doctor and only three of them were satisfied with the therapeutic effects.

Conclusions  Chronic pain is common after thoracotomy. WBC count may be a new independent risk factoring surgical patients during peri-operative period. Besides, age, diabetes mellitus, acute post-operative pain, and duration of chest tube drainage may also play a role in chronic post-surgical pain occurrence.

     

Treatment of corticosteroid-responsive autoimmune inner ear disease with methotrexate: a randomized controlled trial

Context  A number of therapies have been proposed for the long-term management of corticosteroid-responsive, rapidly progressive, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (autoimmune inner ear disease [AIED]). Methotrexate has emerged as the benchmark agent but has not been rigorously evaluated for hearing improvement in patients with AIED. Objective  To assess the efficacy of long-term methotrexate in maintaining hearing improvements achieved with glucocorticoid (prednisone) therapy in patients with AIED. Design, Setting, and Participants  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from February 3, 1998, to November 5, 2001, of 67 patients with rapidly progressive, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss at 10 tertiary care centers in the United States. Intervention  Randomization to either oral methotrexate (15 to 20 mg/wk; n = 33) or placebo (n = 34), in combination with an 18-week prednisone taper. Follow-up examinations, including audiometric evaluation, were performed at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 52 weeks, or until hearing loss was documented. Main Outcome Measure  Maintenance of hearing improvement achieved from prednisone treatment. Results  Sixty-seven patients (57.8%) enrolled in the prednisone challenge experienced hearing improvement. Twenty-five patients (37%) experienced hearing improvements in both ears. Of the individuals who reached study end points, 24 (80%) of 30 end points were because of measured hearing loss in the methotrexate group and 29 (93.5%) of 31 end points were because of measured hearing loss in the placebo group (P = .15). Methotrexate was no more effective than placebo in maintaining the hearing improvement achieved with prednisone treatment (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-2.17; P = .30). Conclusion  Methotrexate does not appear to be effective in maintaining the hearing improvement achieved with prednisone therapy in patients with AIED.      

Analysis of the prodromal symptoms of unexplained sudden death in patients with or without underlying diseases

Background  In recent years, the incidence of unexplained sudden death has risen significantly across the world. However, it occurred suddenly, often in young apparently healthy individuals and almost 50% of the patients did not have any warning signals or symptoms. Therefore, the prodromal symptoms before the incident are extremely important for early prediction of sudden death. In this article, we aimed to explore the value of prodromal symptoms for unexplained sudden death and whether the prodromal symptoms have a predictive function to unexplained sudden death (USD) without underlying diseases.

Methods  A total of 208 sudden death cases were selected for the survey in the Emergency Department of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2006 to December 2009 and their medical records were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups, 65 patients had underlying diseases while 143 had not underlying diseases. In the meantime, their prodromal symptoms were collected and compared, prodromal symptoms including chest distress, dyspnea, syncope, fever, headache, vomiting, etc.

Results  Patients with underlying diseases were compared to those without underlying diseases associated with sudden death; there was no significant difference in gender and age distribution. Among the 208 cases, 39 cases (18.75%) had prodromal symptoms, patients with underlying diseases had prodromal symptoms in 12 cases (18.46%), while patients without underlying diseases had prodromal symptoms in 27 cases (18.88%). The difference between the two groups with prodromal symptoms was not statistically significant (P >0.05).

Conclusions  Prodromal symptoms are extremely important warning signals in the occurrence of USD. It has equally important predictive value for patients both with and without underlying diseases, especially in predicting sudden death caused by cardiopulmonary and neurological diseases.

     

Cigarette smoking contributes to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with emphysema

Background Combined emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis,including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）,is a distinct disorder described with upper-lobe emphysema and lower-lobe fibrosis on chest computed tomography.Smoking appears to be the predominant risk factor for this disorder.We aimed to compare clinical features,smoking history,physiological and radiological findings between IPF with and without emphysema.Methods A sample of 125 IPF patients over a period of 48 months were evaluated.High resolution CT scans were reviewed blinded to clinical data.The IPF patients with or without emphysema were classified accordingly.Results The prevalence of emphysema in this IPF sample was 70/125.IPF with emphysema was significantly associated with smoking status （OR 63; 95％ CI 4.4 to 915; P=0.002） and smoking pack year （OR 1.1; 95％ CI 1.05 to 1.13; P=-0.000）.The patients with IPF and emphysema had a higher decrease in carbon monoxide diffusing capacity adjusted for alveolar volume （（58±19）％ pred vs.（66：±：21）％ pred; P=-0.021） and a higher prevalence of pulmonary hypertension （24/70 vs.7/55; P=0.006）.The two groups of patients had similar forced and residual volumes.No significant differences were found in cell differentials of bronchoalveolar lavage or the scores of fibrosis on chest CT.Survival of the patients with emphysema was significantly less than that of patients with IPF alone.Conclusions Cigarette smoking induces IPF combined with emphysema.Emphysema further impairs physiological function and increases the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension that leads to poor prognosis.The inclusion of the patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in IPF clinical trials may lead to under evaluation of the effect of treatment in patients.     

2型糖尿病肾病的危险因素分析

目的探讨糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)发生的危险因素。方法对381例2型糖尿病患者根据尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion rate,UAER)分为3组:正常白蛋白尿(normal albuminuria,NA)组、微量白蛋白尿(microalbuminuria,MA)组、临床白蛋白尿(clinical proteinuria,CP)组。比较3组患者年龄、糖尿病病程、收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR)、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、空腹血糖(fasting plasmaglucose,FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)以及空腹C肽(fasting blood C-peptide,C-P)等指标。采用Logistic回归分析DN与各因素的相关性。结果年龄、病程、WHR、SBP、DBP、LDL-C、TC、HbA1c、C肽、UA等指标在各组间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,病程、SBP是DN的独立危险因素(OR值分别为1.029、1.088,P值均小于0.05)。结论 DN的发生及其严重程度与糖尿病病程及SBP独立相关,重视对DN相关因素的监测与评价有助于DN的预防和治疗。     

女性患者急诊冠状动脉介入后无复流的独立预测因素

目的在现代介入治疗时代评价女性急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI)后无复流的独立预测因素。方法入选320例STEMI并成功行PPCI的女性患者,分为无复流组和复流正常组。结果女性STEMI患者行PPCI后无复流发生率为25.3%(81/320)。经单变量和多元Logistic回归分析,发现入院收缩压<100 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)(OR=1.991,95%CI:1.018～3.896;P=0.004)、靶病变长度>20 mm(OR=1.948,95%CI:1.908～1.990;P=0.016)、侧支循环0～1级(OR=1.952,95%CI:1.914～1.992;P=0.019)、PPCI前血栓负荷评分≥4(OR=4.184,95%CI:1.482～11.813;P=0.007)和PPCI前主动脉内气囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pulsation,IABP)使用(OR=1.949,95%CI:1.168～3.253;P=0.011)是女性STEMI患者PPCI后无复流的独立预测因素。无复流发生率随预测因素增加而显著升高,具有0、1、2、3、4和5个无复流独立预测因素时无复流发生率分别为0%(0/2)、10.8%(9/84)、14.5%(17/117)、37.7%(29/77)、56.7%(17/30)和81.8%(9/11)(P=0.000)。结论女性STEMI患者PPCI后无复流预测模型由5个因素组成:入院收缩压<100 mmHg、靶病变长度>20 mm、侧支循环0～1级、PPCI前血栓负荷评分≥4和PPCI前IABP使用。随着无复流预测因素增多,无复流发生率显著升高。     

2型糖尿病视网膜病变随访研究

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)发生发展的危险因素。方法2003年3月至2004年12月间在北京同仁医院内分泌科住院,眼底照相诊断为无DR(NDR)或轻中度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(m-NPDR)的2型糖尿病患者,2年后对随访到的164人复查眼底照相,分析影响DR发生发展的危险因素。结果2006年随访患者的DR发生率为21.2%(22/104),轻中度糖尿病视网膜病变的进展率为36.7%(22/60)。回归分析显示,病程、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇(TC)及白蛋白尿是DR发生的独立危险因素;病程、体质量指数(BM I)及血脂异常是m-NPDR进展的独立危险因素。结论DR的发生发展受众多因素的影响,不能仅单纯控制血糖,需加强DR各种危险因素的控制,定期随访及时治疗,预防失明的发生。