猪带绦虫病和猪囊尾蚴病3例报告

福建省仙游县猪带绦虫和猪囊尾蚴感染率居全省之首。2004年有一家3人先后发病，报告如下。     

淮阳县猪带绦虫病与囊虫病流行病学调查研究

本文报道河南淮阳县5个乡26个行政村26 655人调查,猪带绦虫感染率为0.75%,人体囊虫感染率为0.20%,呈散在发生,凡是猪带绦虫病发病率高的乡村,猪体囊虫和人体囊虫感染率亦高,三者呈平行消长,人体囊虫病的感染方式以自身感染为主。本文对环境、厕所及中间宿主猪的饲养习惯及囊虫感染情况作了全面分析。     

亚洲带绦虫病

亚洲带绦虫病(Taeniasis asiatica)是由亚洲带综虫成虫寄生于人体肠道所引起的一种寄生虫病。自1782年对牛带绦虫(Taenia saginata Goeze,1782)命名以来,人们一直认为寄生于人体肠道的带综虫只有两种,即猪带绦虫(Taenia solium Lin-neaus,1758)和牛带绦虫。直到最近20余年在东亚和东南亚诸国的一些山区和远海岛屿(非牧区)发现有“牛带绦虫病”的流行和分布,而当地居民根本不养牛,也很少吃牛肉,但有吃猪肉和其内脏的习惯。中国台湾学者Huang等于1967年对这一流行病学上自相矛盾的现象提出了质疑。并实验感染牛成功,继之中国台湾学者Fan等作了大量的     

吡喹酮治疗猪带绦虫病60例报道

猪带绦虫病患者如不及时治疗,极易造成自身感染囊尾蚴,或通过接触而传及他人。以往采用南瓜子和槟榔驱绦虫,排虫率不高,排虫时间长。近年作者对60例猪带绦虫病患者采用吡喹酮驱绦虫,20％甘露醇导泻,效果较好,报告如下。1 临床资料 治疗对象:为1989年1月至2000年4月收治的120例确诊为绦虫病患者,均有食“米猪肉”史,并自诉有扁形虫体节片随粪便排出或自肛门逸出。 分组:吡喹酮治疗组60例,南瓜子和槟榔治疗对照组60例,均为单纯型综虫病患者。其年龄、性别、病程、治疗前临床症状等方面经统计学分析,两组间差异无显著性意义。     

牛带绦虫病2例报告

本文报告两例牛带绦虫感染病例,其中一例国内感染,另一例系非洲埃塞俄比亚输入性感染。2例患者均采用槟榔-南瓜子法进行驱虫治疗。病例1驱虫治疗后在粪便中检获部分孕节片,查找有完整头节。病例2治疗后排出一活的完整虫体,显微镜下可见头节近方形,无顶突和小钩。治疗后2~3个月电话随访,两例患者均痊愈。     

山东省猪带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病流行病学调查

目的　调查山东省猪带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病流行现状。　方法　采用现场访问、粪便检查及血清学检测等方法对猪带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病人群的感染流行状况、猪囊尾蚴感染情况及有关流行因素进行调查分析。　结果　全省人群猪带绦虫病和囊尾蚴病平均患病率分别为 0 .0 4 8%和 0 .0 5 7% ,抗囊尾蚴特异性 Ig G4 抗体阳性率平均为 1.91%。各地区流行程度不同 ,性别及城乡人群患病率均无显著性差异。流行因素调查结果表明 ,居民普遍存在不卫生习惯 ,如 :切菜刀、板生熟不分 ,饭前便后不洗手等。“连茅圈”养猪占 92 .3% ,粪便管理及生活环境卫生均较差。囊尾蚴病猪检出率平均为 0 .0 6 % ,囊尾蚴抗体阳性率平均为 1.99%。　结论　山东省绦虫病和囊尾蚴病患病率呈下降趋势 ,但流行范围扩大 ,各地区流行程度不同 ,各种流行因素远未得到控制     

四川喜德县猪带绦虫病及囊虫病流行病学调查

本文报道了猪带绦虫病及囊虫病在四川喜德县两个乡的流行情况。共调查1542人,人体囊虫病发病率为0.52％,免疫学阳性率为7.33％。总感染率为7.85％,男多于女,其中彝族总感染率为8.0％,汉族为3.0％。绦虫感染率为4.0％。调查猪334头,猪体囊虫感染率为5.4％。通过调查证实了凉山地区喜德县猪带绦虫病和囊虫病流行是严重的,并对造成流行的因素进行了讨论。     

我国猪带绦虫病和囊虫病的流行现状及危害和防制对策

猪带绦虫病和囊虫病是我国常见的人畜共患寄生虫病，对人类健康危害极大，特别是脑囊虫病，病人因癫病频繁发作、颅内压增高而造成严重后遗症，如失明、痴呆或者丧失生命。近几年来，随着猪肉市场放开经营，卫生检疫措施相对滞后，大量的囊虫肉流入市场，绦、囊虫病患者逐年增加。据估计全国有700万囊虫病患者，仅黑龙江省就达50万’‘’。而猪体囊虫病感染率也甚高，为l％～30％’‘’。因此统、囊虫病已成为公共卫生方面一个十分突出的问题。而猪囊虫病对养猪业发展的影响及给国民经济造成的巨大经济损失也是令人关注的。因此，加强缘、囊…     

猪囊尾蚴感染家猪的组织病理学动态观察

将4头20日龄三元杂交乳猪感染猪带绦虫虫卵,8×10~4个/头,感染后第40、80、120和150天采集有囊尾蚴寄生的肝、肌肉和脑组织,制备病理切片,观察囊尾蚴发育过程中周围组织的病理反应。结果显示,感染第40～80天,肝脏内寄生的囊尾蚴被宿主纤维结缔组织增生形成的外膜包围,与肝组织交界处有大量炎症细胞浸润;感染第120天,大部分囊尾蚴出现死亡或钙化;感染第150天,囊尾蚴已全部死亡或钙化。感染第40天,寄生于骨骼肌和舌肌的囊尾蚴周围有炎症细胞浸润,邻近头节的肌纤维炎症反应较囊壁其余部位严重;感染第80～150天,囊尾蚴周围炎症细胞浸润呈带状分布。心肌的病理反应与骨骼肌和舌肌相似,但浸润的炎症细胞稍多。感染第40天,寄生于脑组织的囊尾蚴周围有少量炎症细胞浸润,感染第80～150天,囊尾蚴周围有大量炎症细胞浸润,形成炎症带。猪囊尾蚴寄生的周围组织的炎症反应随感染时间延长逐渐加强,且肝脏的炎症反应强于肌肉和脑组织的反应。     

猪带绦虫虫卵感染家猪致肝纤维化相关病理分析

目的观察猪带绦虫虫卵实验感染中间宿主家猪后囊尾蚴致肝纤维化作用,并对病变程度进行定量分析。方法实验猪分成3组,将亚洲猪带绦虫虫卵以高剂量(60 000个/ml)、中剂量(40 000个/ml)和低剂量(10 000个/ml)分别灌服感染家猪,每种剂量感染2头。健康家猪2头为对照组。30 d后剖杀,取肝脏,制作病理切片,HE和Cason染色,对实验猪肝脏病变组织进行病理变化观察及胶原纤维含量分析。结果与健康对照组比较,实验组家猪肝组织发生不同程度的变性、坏死、炎细胞侵润,肝、脾指数增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);肝纤维化改变明显,胶原纤维总面积和总吸光度值增加,胶原纤维含量显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论猪带绦虫虫卵感染家猪后以肝脏囊尾蚴寄生居多,同时发生以肉芽肿和纤维化改变为主的病理损害且较为严重。     

Taenia solium cysticercosis

Cysticercosis, the infection of the larval tissue stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is endemic to most developing countries and increasingly is seen in industrialized countries because of immigration. Human infection is a major cause of acquired epilepsy, and porcine infection causes important economic losses to farm workers. Clinical manifestations vary because of the variable number, size, and location of the cysts and the immune response of the host. Diagnosis is based on imaging techniques (CT and MR imaging) and serology (immunoblot). Current research efforts are centered on control and eradication of the taeniasis cysticercosis complex in endemic areas.     

Taenia solium cysticercosis

The larval stage of the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium) infects the human nervous system, causing neurocysticercosis. This disease is one of the main causes of epileptic seizures in many less developed countries and is also increasingly seen in more developed countries because of immigration from endemic areas. Little information is available on the natural evolution of taeniasis or cysticercosis. Available therapeutic measures include steroids, treatments for symptoms, surgery, and, more controversially, antiparasitic drugs to kill brain parasites. Efforts to control and eliminate this disease are underway through antiparasitic treatment of endemic populations, development of pig vaccines, and other measures.     

Control of Taenia solium

Control or eradication of Taenia solium cysticercosis has been achieved to date only in Europe and North America. Significant improvements in sanitary conditions and developing functional slaughterhouse control systems were primarily responsible for control in these regions. Conversely, in endemic areas of developing countries control is limited by economic and sanitary conditions: the life cycle of T. solium is sustained because pigs have access to infected faeces, and cysticercosis-infested pork is available for consumption. Interventional trials with massive human cestocidal chemotherapy, treatment of both human and porcine populations with antihelminthic drugs and/or immunotherapy and health education have shown improvements in specific settings but not yet proven to be sustainable in the long-term. In order to ensure sustainability, any given control strategy towards elimination/eradication of porcine cysticercosis should incorporate economic incentives.     

猪带绦虫卵实验感染家猪后囊尾蚴在家猪体内发育的观察

目的了解猪带绦虫卵实验感染中间宿主家猪后,囊尾蚴发育过程中在家猪体内各个器官的分布及其发育成熟所需的时间等。方法以猪带绦虫卵(4.2万个/头)实验感染20～30日龄的家猪15头,在感染后不同时间宰杀,肉眼观察囊尾蚴在家猪体内各个器官上分布、数量、初次出现以及发育成熟所需时间等。结果感染后的第10d剖杀仔猪,肉眼观察各部位及脏器内均未见到囊尾蚴生长。感染15～30d时只在肝脏组织内见到少量未成熟囊尾蚴。感染40～70d时在肝脏寄生的囊尾蚴数量增多,同时开始在前肢和后肢的肌肉、胸肌、颈肌、脑组织、肾脏、肺脏内逐步见到未成熟的囊尾蚴。感染80～100d时肝脏、前肢和后肢的肌肉、胸肌、颈肌、脑组织、肾脏、肺脏内部分囊尾蚴开始先后发育成熟,但各器官组织内囊尾蚴的成熟率不等,肝脏内囊尾蚴成熟率(82.00%)高于其他器官,各器官内囊尾蚴成熟率随感染时间增加而增高。感染110～130d时肝脏内囊尾蚴成熟率(98.97%)仍高于其他器官内囊尾蚴成熟率。实验的全过程中,各器官内未见到死亡和钙化的囊尾蚴,脾内未见囊尾蚴生长。结论猪囊尾蚴可以在猪的肝脏内寄生,而且在肝脏内初次出现和发育成熟的时间均比其在全身的肌肉、脑等更早。提示猪肝脏也是囊尾蚴寄生的主要部位,在防治和卫生宣教工作中应予重视。     

Evaluation of activity of triclabendazole against Taenia solium metacestode in naturally infected pigs

Objective:To assess the efficacy of triclabendazole(TCBZ) in porcine cysticercosis.Methods:Eighteen naturally infected cysticercotic pigs were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals each.The first group was treated orally with TCBZ at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight,the second group was treated orally with oxfendazole at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight and the third group received a placebo(control group).All animals were kept under the same management conditions.The pigs were euthanized 17 wk post-treatment and the number of surviving cysts in muscles was assessed and compared between groups.Results:All pigs treated with oxfendazole had only degenerated cysts in their carcasses.In contrast,TCBZ had very little effect against the parasitic cysts.Cysts from pigs in the TCBZ group looked apparently normal after treatment.However,histological evaluation showed a mild to moderate degree of inflammation.Conclusions:TCBZ is not an efficacious drug against Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine using a single dose.     

Unusual manifestations of Taenia solium infestation

We present two rare cases of unusual manifestations of Taenia solium infestation. Taenia infestation usually causes abdominal pain and diarrhea in humans. But there have been no clinical reports of ascites, chronic diarrhea, and malabsorption due to Taenia solium without evidence of the ova or larvae of the parasites in stool examinations. Our first unusual case was in a 30-year-old woman with spontaneous pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and ascites; the second case was in a 67-year-old man with a 3-year history of diarrhea, weight loss, and indigestion. Both patients showed blood eosinophilia and positive serologic tests for Taenia solium. After antiparasitic agent administration, their symptoms resolved successfully.     

Taenia solium dUTPase: A potential target for anti-human cysticercosis

dUTPase plays an essential role in pyrimidine metabolism in many organisms. In this study we report the dUTPase-encoding gene (Tdut) from Taenia solium oncospheres and larvae. Alignment reveals that the putative protein contains five conserved motifs that are often found in many characterized dUTPases. The deduced amino acid sequence has only 65.2% identity with human dUTPases. This low identity encourages its use for the design of new drugs against cysticercosis.