颌位关系记录方法研究进展

<正>可摘局部义齿、全口义齿修复是牙列缺损、牙列缺失的主要修复方式,而确定正确的颌位关系是修复成功的必要条件。本文简析颌位关系记录方法的进展,以期对口腔修复提供参考。1 概要咀嚼系统的健康与稳定是口腔修复治疗的目标之一,包括牙列、颞下颌关节(Temporomandibular joint, TMJ)、咬合、肌肉及神经等多方面,其间是互相影响的关系[1]。下颌边缘运动时,     

正畸与修复联合治疗牙列缺失伴牙颌畸形的临床分析

目的：分析正畸与修复联合治疗牙列缺失伴牙颌畸形的效果。方法对照组：50例患者,只采用修复治疗法;观察组：50例患者,选用正畸联合修复治疗方案。分析两组的临床效果、病情恢复时间及患者满意度。结果观察组优和良好的比率都要高于对照组,而差的比率要远远低于对照组。从而可得观察组患者经过治疗后所达到的效果要远远好于对照组,但病情恢复时间略长。两组比较有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论正畸与修复联合治疗牙列缺损伴牙颌畸形,效果显著。     

1063名飞行人员口腔健康状况调查

目的了解飞行人员牙科疾患患病情况,为牙病防治提出依据。方法对来院健康疗养的1063名飞行人员进行牙科疾患调查分析。结果下颌阻生齿患病率占第1位,依次为智齿无对牙合牙、冠周炎、龋龈炎、牙周炎、口腔溃疡,门齿外伤和颞颌关节紊乱患病率最低。结论应重视飞行人员牙科疾患防治工作,积极开展口腔健康教育,强化口腔保健力量。     

牙颌专用CT的颞颌关节成像技术

目的：探讨牙颌专用CT的颞颌关节成像技术及临床应用价值。材料和方法：对162例疑有颞颌关节病的患者行牙颌专用CT的颞颌关节检查,对感兴趣区影像重建,获取临床常用的轴位、冠状位、矢状位外,增加平行于髁状突长轴的斜位、垂直于髁状突长轴的斜位及双侧髁状突曲面重建影像分析其表现并评估其应用价值。结果：162例受试者均获满意的重建影像。平行于髁状突长轴的斜位和垂直于髁状突长轴的斜位,显示了颞颌关节的真实形态。双侧髁状突曲面成像,将水平角不在一条直线上的双侧髁状突长轴或短轴层面,重建在一幅影像内,方便了双侧髁状突相同体位影像的对比观察。结论：牙颌专用CT成像软件系统可以对颞颌关节骨性结构行多种体位、角度的重建及径值的测量。     

巨大型巨舌症的临床特点及手术治疗

本文总结了6年来13例巨舌症(伴有明显的舌、颌、牙畸形)的治疗体会及追踪随访。巨大型巨舌症多由淋巴管瘤引起，病程长，除舌体表现巨大外，面下1／3变长，前后牙多呈明显牙结石及牙周炎，下颌体前段及中段向下弯曲，下颌角变钝，升支拉长，双侧髁状尖前移，面部畸形明显，影响美观，同时影响进食、发音和患者身心健康。治疗仍应采用手术为主的综合治疗，牙颌畴形的治疗仍需进一步探索。     

怎样保护牙齿?

龋病是一种常见的口腔疾病，如果治疗不及时，会破坏牙颌系统．影响咀嚼功能．重还可能引起一系列并发症。所以．保护好牙齿对身体健康至关重要，那么，怎样才能保护好牙齿呢？     

错(牙合)畸形病人的心理因素与治疗配合性

错[牙合]畸形是颌、[牙合]、面发育性畸形，不仅影响病人的咀嚼功能，还影响颜面美观，使病人产生负面心理影响。目前，传统医学模式已向现代生物-心理-社会医学模式转化，对口腔心理学逐步受到重视。错[牙合]的理想矫治目标是获得稳定-平衡-美观的疗效，这不仅与正畸医师精湛的临床治疗技术和精良的治疗器械有关，还与错[牙合]病人良好的心态和对治疗的密切配合相关。在正畸治疗的过程中，如何运用心理疏导增进病人对治疗的配合性、提高病人对正畸效果满意度的研究，已引起国内外众多正畸学者的重视，现综述如下。     

老年患者冠桥修复的体会

现代口腔保健的目标是直到生命终结前一刻，人人都应享有健全的牙[牙合]系统。目前，我国人口已进入老龄化，如何提高老年人口腔健康水平和生活质量，是口腔医务工作者关注的焦点之一，笔者在口腔临床工作中，对老年人固定义齿修复有如下体会。     

烤瓷冠联合活动义齿修复应用于老年牙列重度磨耗合并牙列缺损的临床疗效观察

目的探究烤瓷冠联合活动义齿修复应用于老年牙列重度磨耗合并牙列缺损患者的临床疗效。方法选取老年牙列重度磨耗合并牙列缺损患者74例,按随机数字表法随机分为联合组37例,对照组37例。对照组给予烤瓷冠固定修复治疗,联合组给予烤瓷冠联合活动义齿治疗。比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后6个月时颞下颌关节功能[颞下颌关节功能指数量表(Helkimo)]、口腔健康情况[老年口腔健康评价指数量表(GOHAI)]变化差异;分析治疗6个月后两组患者治疗有效率、并发症发生率差异。结果治疗后6个月时,两组患者Helkimo评分低于治疗前,治疗后联合组低于同时段对照组(P<0.05);两组患者GOHAI评分高于治疗前,治疗后联合组高于同时段对照组(P<0.05);联合组治疗有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后6个月内,两组患者并发症发生率差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论烤瓷冠联合活动义齿可显著提升老年牙列重度磨耗合并牙列缺损患者颞下颌功能,改善患者口腔健康情况,预后效果较为理想。     

儿童上颌前部埋伏多生牙的X线定位

目的：探讨儿童上颌前部埋伏多生牙的X线定位方法：收集1998年-2006年间收治的上颌前部埋伏多生牙203例，266颗牙，采用摄全颌曲面体层和头颅定位侧位片，对其进行术前定位分忻。结果：203例，266颗多生牙术前X线定位均在术中证实，定位准确率100％。结论：摄全预曲面体层和头颅定位侧位片可清晰、直观的对埋伏多生牙的三维空间进行定位，对选择手术进路，快捷拔出埋伏多生牙提供可靠依据。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.