血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅦ.β-(5-硝基-4-溴-2-呋喃)-及β-(4,5-二溴-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺及其酯类的合成

本文报道β-(4,5-二溴-2-呋喃)-及β-(5-硝基-4-溴-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺及其酯类衍生物26个的合成。动物筛选结果表明;化合物Ⅲ_(?)。,Ⅲ_6和Ⅲ_(13)对感染日本血吸虫小白鼠有明显的治疗作用。化合物Ⅱ_(?)有较明显的预防作用。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——Ⅳ.β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺类及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成

本文报道38个β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成。这类化合物的制备是以相应的β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类化合物(Ⅰ)进行催化氢化或与溴加成而得。经动物筛选发现β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类的丙烯双键以氢饱和以后生成丙酰胺类化合物(Ⅱ),对感染日本血吸虫病的小白鼠完全失去治疗或预防作用。而以溴饱和双键的α,β-二溴化合物(Ⅲ)则仍然有较显著的杀虫作用。其中尤以β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰异丙胺(Ⅲ₁₁)和β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰甘氨酸乙酯(Ⅲ₂₄)最为显著,后者曾试用于临床,证明有一定疗效。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅣ.α-氯-β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类及其乙烯噁二唑类衍生物的合成

Synthesis of 35 new compounds of α-chloro-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamides and 5-[α-chloro-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl ) vinyl]-oxadiazoles by known methods are reported. In preliminary test in mice 10 compounds were found to possess pronounced activity against Schistosomiasis japonica. Among these Ⅰ₁₂, Ⅰ₁₃, Ⅰ₁₄, Ⅰ₂₀, Ⅱ₁ and Ⅱ₈ were shown to be the most effective.     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——Ⅳ.β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺类及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成

本文报道38个β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成。这类化合物的制备是以相应的β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类化合物(Ⅰ)进行催化氢化或与溴加成而得。经动物筛选发现β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类的丙烯双键以氢饱和以后生成丙酰胺类化合物(Ⅱ),对感染日本血吸虫病的小白鼠完全失去治疗或预防作用。而以溴饱和双键的α,β-二溴化合物(Ⅲ)则仍然有较显著的杀虫作用。其中尤以β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰异丙胺(Ⅲ_(11))和β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰甘氨酸乙酯(Ⅲ_(24))最为显著,后者曾试用于临床,证明有一定疗效。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅣ.α-氯-β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类及其乙烯噁二唑类衍生物的合成

β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类及其乙烯杂环类化合物均有显著的抗日本血吸虫作用,其中以β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰异丙胺(F-30066)和5-[(5-硝基-2-呋喃)乙烯]-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑(F-30809)为最强。前者已生产多年,曾广泛应用于临床治疗日本血吸虫病。为了试图提高疗效,降低副作用,作者等合成了具有下列通式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)的两类衍生物,以观察其抗虫活性。     

抗血吸虫病化合物:β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-丙烯酰二胺类衍生物的合成

本文报道70个β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-丙烯酰二胺类衍生物的合成。对感染日本血吸虫病小白鼠进行治疗和预防初筛的结果,发现有54个化合物具有不同程度的抗虫作用。其中以反式β-(5-硝基2-呋喃)-N-(2-哌啶乙基)丙烯酰胺盐酸盐(I₁₃,F-30385)及其盐基呋喃双胺(I₁₄,F-30642)杀虫作用最强,均已试用于临床,后者疗效较好,副作用较轻。     

2β-(4′-甲基- 1′-哌嗪基)- 3α-羟基-16,17-取代-5α-雄甾烷的合成

为了寻找心血管系统药物,以表雄酮为原料,合成了7个16,17位取代的目标化合物:2β-(4’-甲基-1’-哌嗪基)-3α-羟基-5α-雄甾-17-酮、2β-(4’-甲基-1’-哌嗪基)-3α,17β-二羟基-5α-雄甾烷、2β-(4’-甲基-1’-哌嗪基)-3α-羟基-16α-溴-5α-雄甾-17-酮、2β-(4’-甲基-1’-哌嗪基)-3α,16α-二羟基-17-氧-5α-雄甾烷、2β-(4’-甲基-1’-哌嗪基)-3α,16α-二羟基-17-肟-5α-雄甾烷、2β-(4’-甲基-1’-哌嗪基)-3α,16α-二羟基-17β-氨基-5α-雄甾烷和2β—(4’-甲基-1’-哌嗪基)-3α,17β-二羟基-16β-氨基-5α-雄甾烷。初步药理试验结果表明它们都有不同程度的抗心律失常活性。     

3(4)溴代和3,4-二烷氧基-5-硝基呋喃衍生物的合成及其抗菌活性

为了探索呋吨类药物的构效关系,本文在已知硝基呋哺类有效药物的3-位或4-位分别引入溴原子和3,4-位引入二烷氧基,进行结构修饰,合成了32个化合物,其中28个为新化合物。经药理试验,发现Ⅰ_2～3,Ⅰ_6～7,Ⅱ_2～8和Ⅲ_1～8有抑菌作用,4-溴代化合物的抑菌活性明显高于3-溴代异构体。     

抗血吸虫病药物呋喃丙胺顺式异构体的研究

呋喃丙胺顺式异构体的合成,系按文献方法制备顺式β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-丙烯酸,然后于低温下与异丙胺经混合酸酐法,氨化为顺式与反式两种酰胺的混合物,再经分离获得顺式异构体。实验动物药理结果证明其生物活性与反式异构体相似。     

1-(3′,4′-二甲氧基)苯甲酰基-3-酰氨基-4-取代苯基-2-吖丁啶酮类化合物的合成及其抑制β-内酰胺酶的作用

本文设计和合成了14个新的1-(3′,4′-二甲氧基)苯甲酰基-3-酰氨基-4-取代苯基-2-吖丁啶酮类化合物,分别经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、质谱和元素分析证实。其中11个化合物具有β-内酰胺酶抑制作用。Ⅶe-1及Ⅶg-1的活性约为临床应用的青霉烷砜酸的两倍。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究 ⅩⅩⅩⅥ.4-苯基(或烯丙基)-5-(吡嗪-2)-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮衍生物的合成

本文报导28个4-苯基(或烯丙基)-5-(吡嗪-2)-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮衍生物的合成。这类化合物的合成是以吡嗪甲酸乙酯与水合肼反应得2-吡嗪甲酰肼,再与不同的异硫氰酸酯作用后,在2N氢氧化钠溶液中环合而得Ⅱ或Ⅲ,然后经烷化、酰化及Mannich反应,分别制得相应的化合物。其中Ⅲ₁和Ⅲ₂对感染日本血吸虫小白鼠有明显肝移作用。     

The production of skeletal muscle atrophy and mammary tumors in rats by feeding 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide

Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of a food additive, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2) was examined by its oral administration to Wistar rats for 18 months. Male rats given 0.4% AF-2 diet developed ataxia of the hind foot around 4 months of feeding, and severe atrophy of skeletal muscles of the whole body was seen in 31 of 43 rats after 12 months. In female rats, mammary tumors developed in 78% of the animals given 0.4% AF-2 diet. Multiple papillomas were observed in the forestomach.     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——ⅩⅪⅤ.5-[2-(5-硝基呋喃基-2)-1-取代乙烯基]-1,3,4-噁二唑酮及其1,3,4-噁二唑衍生物的合成

本文报道硝基呋喃乙烯基-1,3,4-噁二唑及其酮类衍生物44个的合成。关键中间体α-取代β-(5-硝基呋喃基-2)丙烯酰彤魄仿照文献已知方法制备的,然后分别与光气或溴化腈作用生成相应的1,3,4-噁二唑衍生物Ⅰ,Ⅱ。经感染日本血吸虫病小白鼠的预防和治疗试验,发现化合物Ⅰ₁具有显著的抗血吸虫作用,并试用于家犬的血吸虫病,证明有一定的疗效。但效果不及呋喃丙胺,故未作临床观察。     

Cis-trans isomerization of the (5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide, AF-2, initiated by ascorbate, glutathione, Fe(II) and OH-

The cis-trans isomerization of the (5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide, AF-2, has been investigated using some important biological reducing agents to initiate reaction. Physiological concentrations of L-ascorbic acid, glutathione and iron(II) all accomplish isomerization in a catalytic manner over a period of minutes. Base-catalysed isomerization has also been observed. In all cases, the presence of oxygen severely inhibits isomerization. It is proposed that the mechanism involves a free-radical chain process; AF-2 or analogues are thus extremely sensitive probes for the generation of nitro radicals in biochemical reducing systems because of the high efficiency of isomerization.     

Deacetylation of 4-(5-acetylamino-2-furyl)thiazole and formation of 1-(4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone by rat liver tissues

The reductive metabolism of the rat carcinogen 4-(5-nitro-2furyl)thiazole (NFT) to 1-4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone (TCP) is reported. Formation of TCP from NFT involved furan ring fission. This could have occurred through involvement of either aminofuran or N-hydroxylaminofuran as precursors. To examine if 4-(5-amino-2-furyl)thiazole is a precursor for TCP, a stable model compound, 4-(5-acetylamino-2-furyl)thiazole (AAFT), was prepared and subjected to enzymatic deacetylation, using rat liver tissue homogenates. AAFT was synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of NFT with 5% palladium on activated carbon, followed by acetylation with acetic anhydride. AAFT, a white crystalline powder, melted at 168–170°, had an extinction coefficient of 17.9 mM^?1 cm^?1 at 293 nm in ethyl acetate, and exhibited spectroscopic and mass spectral characteristics consistent with the assigned structure. Incubation with rat liver 10,000 g supernatant preparations resulted in the biotransformation of AAFT as evidenced by a decrease in absorption at 290 nm. Incubation of ¹⁴C-labeled AAFT followed by extraction with chloroform-diethyl ether (1:1) resulted in the recovery of a major portion (56%) of the radioactivity in the organic phase when the label was at the 2-position of the thiazole ring, while the major amount (82%) of radioactivity was recovered in the aqueous phase when the 1-¹⁴C-acetyl group was labeled. The radioactivity from the aqueous phase was extractable into the organic phase following acidification to pH 1, an observation consistent with deacetylation. Furthermore, the deacetylation product exhibited a mass spectrum, and retention times in gas and high pressure liquid chromatography, similar to those of synthetic TCP. These data establish 4-(5-amino-2-furyl)thiazole, derived from AAFT by deacetylation, as a precursor for TCP.     

2-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4-(口恶)唑)-乙醇的合成

以丙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料,先溴化得到4-溴丙酰乙酸乙酯,再在甲苯中与苯甲酰胺回流环合得到2-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4-(口恶)唑)-乙酸乙酯,最后经氢化铝锂还原,得到目标杂环中间体2-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4-(口恶)唑)-乙醇.该合成方法反应步骤少,原料便宜,目标物的总收率为67.3%.