复发性肝癌再次肝切除72例报告

１９６０年１月至１９９１年７月，对复发性肝癌施行再次肝切除共７２例，其中２次肝切除６０例，３次和４次肝切除各为９例和３例，术后存活时间最长的１例已１２年１１，无肝癌复发，全组１、３、５年术后存活率分别为９８．６％、６９．９％、和４９．５％。２次肝切除后１、３、５年术后存活率分别为９０．７％，５３．５％和３６．１％。３次术后１、２、３年存活率分别为１００％、８５．６％和３６．７％。作认为对术后病     

讨论肝癌肝外科观念和技术的更新

目的；进一步更新肝癌肝外科观念和技术，提高肝癌切除率、术后生存率和无瘤生存率及降低手术死亡率和肿瘤复发率。方法：20多年来本组一贯采用常温下1次性肝门阻断法行肝癌肝切除术。已行的538例中术后有2例发生肝衰竭。自1993年10月-2002年12月应用常温下1次性肝门阻断法联合超声刀（CUSA System 200）行肝癌肝切除术237例。自1997年8月起积极开展大型肝切除术不输血的临床研究。结果：1983-1992年肝癌肝切除术的手术死亡率为0％，1993～2002年手术死亡率为1．6%。肝癌（90％以上为大肝癌）肝切除术生存率，1、3和5年为82．0％、51．1％和40．2％。无瘤生存率，1、3、5年为73．1％、46．0％和38．1％。本组大肝癌肝切除术后最长无瘤生存已达21年。常温下1次肝门阻断法联合超声刀肝切除术失血量减少，平均输血量为580ml，未输库血64例，术后主要并发症发和率9．7％，术后30天死亡率1．3％。大型肝切除术不输血组手术死亡率为0％，并发症率9．8％，其中肝癌患者的1、2、3年复率分别为24．1％、27．6％和31．0％，与对照组相应结果有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：常温下一次性肝门阻断法肝癌切除安全可行。联合超声刀作肝实质解剖，则进一步改进肝切除技术。大型肝切除术不输血是可选择的，初步证明减少了术后肝癌复发率。     

延迟性肝切除治疗肝细胞癌自发破裂

目的：探讨应用延迟性肝切除治疗自发破裂的肝细胞癌。方法：总结6例自发破裂肝细胞癌患者应用延迟性肝切除治疗的临床、病理及随访资料。结果：患者中男5例,女1例,平均年龄45．5岁。术前3例保守治疗止血,1例行TAE止血,2例出血自行停止。首次入院至肝切除术平均36d。5例为根治性切除,1例姑息性切除,无手术及住院死亡者。肿瘤最大直径4－11cm,合并肝硬化者83．3％,5例术后复发转移,1例无瘤存活4年,1年、3年生存率分别为66．7％,33．3％,结论：延迟性肝切除可有效地治疗肝细胞癌自发破裂。     

原发性肝癌1281例外科治疗体会

目的　总结原发性肝癌 12 81例外科治疗的体会。方法　回顾性分析经外科治疗的 12 81例原发性肝癌患者的临床资料。结果　 12 81例中 885例进行了剖腹探查 ,作肝段、肝叶切除术 30 0例 ,经肝动脉插管化疗、栓塞、肝动脉结扎、微波固化等共 197例 ,肝活检 388例 ;非手术介入治疗 396例。手术切除治疗后 1,3,5年存活率分别为 5 8 2 % ,2 6 7% ,17 2 %。 <5cm的肝癌切除后 1,3,5年存活率分别为 87 0 % ,5 4 5 % ,34 3%。术后存活 5年以上 35例 ,10年以上 11例 ,2 0年以上 2例。非手术介入治疗后 1,3,5年存活率分别为 4 5 4 % ,19 2 % ,1 3%。结论　手术切除治疗效果最佳 ,巨大肝癌规则性肝切除安全 ,疗效满意 ,微波固化后断肝 ,有助于减少术中出血。     

中晚期肝癌的综合介入治疗

目的 寻找一种中晚期不能切除的肝癌的最佳综合治疗方法。方法 对62例经手术探查不能切除的中晚期肝癌采用术中肝动脉结扎、肝动脉、门静脉内置入皮下埋植输药系统(DDS)，并注入碘酒、5-Fu、阿霉素、丝裂霉素、顺铂抗癌混悬液，术后经DDS反复注入40％尿素及化疗药，同期反复多次多点B超引导下肝肿瘤穿刺注射无水酒精并辅以中药扶正驱毒、化瘀祛痰联合治疗，获满意疗效。结果 经治疗3个疗程后，62例中55例肿瘤有不同程度缩小，有8例肿瘤明显缩小而行二期切除。术后平均生存期18．2个月，1、3、5年生存率分别为69％、38％和18％，其中4例已存活6年。患者生存时间明显延长，生存质量提高。结论 结果表明该方法治疗不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌是一种安全、简便而有效的综合治疗方法。     

巨大肝癌的外科治疗

巨大肝癌是指疾病的直径大于10cm的肝癌。该院从1985年1月～1996年6月，共收治巨大肝癌236例，其中男198例，女38例，年龄16～77岁，中位年龄43．5岁。Ⅰ期肝癌切除70例，其1年存活率为85．7％。3年为32．8％．5年为14．3％。以肝动脉栓塞化疗为主的综合治疗158例，其1年存活率为48．6％，3年为2．9％。经综合治疗获Ⅱ期肝癌切除8例，其中2例术后存活2年，5例术后存活3年，1例术后至今存活5年，工作生活正常。巨大肝癌的治疗，应尽量Ⅰ期切除肝癌，但大多数病人就诊时已失去了手术切除的机会。故认为，采取综合治疗的指征是：癌瘤紧贴大血管，Ⅰ期手术切除的风险太大；肝功能太差；全身情况差，有严重合并症；无边界的弥漫型巨大肝癌；经综合治疗后，肝癌Ⅱ期手术切除的时机是：每月复查X线照片、B超或CT，当癌瘤明显缩小，癌瘤边缘距大血管超过2cm；肝功能改善；全身情况好转；癌瘤由无明显的边界，变为有明显的边界。     

21例原发性肝癌手术治疗的临床分析

目的探讨肝切除治疗原发性肝癌的临床经验。方法回顾性分析21例原发性肝癌手术治疗情况,其中右半肝切除8例、左半肝切除2例、肝左外叶切除5例、肝右后叶切除4例、局部肝切除2例。结果 21例患者均安全度过围手术期,术后出血1例,漏胆2例,胸腔积液2例,膈下感染1例,均治愈;随访病例中术后1年内死亡3例,3年内死亡13例,5年以上者存活2例,余病例随访中,现均存活。结论掌握肝切除手术指征及肝切除量、严格控制术中肝出血、正确处理肝创面及术后并发症,才能保证手术治疗的效果。     

肝切除加肝动脉置泵栓塞化疗联合^125I放射治疗肝癌24例

目的观察不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵栓塞化疗联合^125I粒子植入放射治疗原发性肝癌的24例治疗效果。方法回顾性分析近10年来59例肝癌患者单纯肝切除与不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵栓塞化疗联合^125I粒子植入放射治疗原发性肝癌的临床资料。结果单纯手术组与不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵栓塞化疗联合^125I粒子植入放射治疗组1、3、5年术后复发率分别为67．2％＆37．5％、84．4％＆55．0％、94．8％＆72．5％，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。两组病人1、3、5年生存率分别为58．7％＆90％、41．1％＆72．5％、13．8％＆40％，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵栓塞化疗联合^125I粒子植入放射治疗原发性肝癌可明显降低术后复发率，提高生存率。     

复发性肝癌的再手术治疗体会(附21例报告)

目的探讨肝癌行肝切除术后复发的治疗方法及预后。方法对21例原发性肝癌术后复发病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 21例术后均复发肝癌中8例行局部切除,2例行局部切除加TACE,2例行局部切除加PEI,局部切除联合TACE和PEI 2例,左外叶切除4例,左、右半肝切除各1例。再手术后死亡14例,其平均生存期18个月,仍存活7例,平均生存期30．8个月;再手术后1、3、5年生存率分别为71．42％、42．86％、38．09％。结论对于术后复发性肝癌,在全身和局部情况允许下,施行再次手术切除或联合TACE、PEI等治疗可以改善其预后。     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗(附65例报告)

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌不同外科治疗方法对患者预后的影响。方法对该院1993年1月-2004年12月经手术和病理确诊的65例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析总结。结果65例患者中，男38例。女27例。男女之比1．4：1。手术切除26例，切除率为40．0％（26／65）。其中根治性切除18例，姑息切除8例。内或外引流术34例，探查性手术5例。根治性切除1、2、3年生存率分别为77．0％、46．2％、15．4％；姑息性切除者1、2年生存率分别为43．0％、14．3％；非切除引流者1年生存率为11．0％；探查性手术者生存期均小于3个月。肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术后平均生存时间较姑息性切除术组和非切除引流术组明显延长（P值分别为0．011、0．000）。结论根治性切除术是提高肝门部胆管癌存活率的关健；对不能根治者行姑息性切除或引流术可延长生存时间和提高生活质量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.