选择性远程DEPT的NMR法及其用于甙类化合物结构的研究

本文报告一种选择性远程DEPT的NMR新方法。实验结果表明,用该方法可以鉴别¹³C,¹⁵N和³¹P等NMR信号,连接被季碳和杂原子分割的自旋系统,而导出化合物的结构。本文着重讨论该方法在甙类化合物结构研究中的应用。     

吡罗昔康与β-环糊精包合物结构的核磁共振研究

本文采用¹HNMR和二维NOE等方法研究了吡罗昔康与β-环糊精包合物的结构。化学位移变化和NOE的结果提示,在溶液中二者的摩尔比为1:1时,主要是药物的苯环部份包藏在β-环糊精的空腔内。     

用核磁共振新技术测定川续断皂甙F和H1两个新皂甙的结构及光谱规律研究

从川续断(Dipsacus asperoides c．Y．cheng et T．M．Ai)根部的乙醇提取物中得到二个新三萜皂甙，命名为川续断皂甙(asperosaponins)F和H₁。川续断皂甙F(I)是含六个糖的皂甙，川续断皂甙H₁(II)是含八个糖的皂甙。运用化学方法及光谱(¹HNMR，¹³CNMR，¹H-¹H COSY，——维多重接力COSY，选择性远程DEPT和三重共振NOE差谱)解析，鉴定其结构分别为3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→4)-β-D-吡哺葡萄糖(1→4)][α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂甙元(I)和3-0-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)][α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L一吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂甙元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯甙(II)。并总结出一些光谱方面的变化规律，可用于糖的鉴定，以及构型、糖链的连接顺序和糖与甙元之间的连接位置的说明。     

HPLC和1HNMR分析确定cis-A-和cis-B-羟甲芬太尼的组成和构型

羟甲芬太尼(1)是一个强效的镇痛剂和高亲和、高选择性的阿片μ受体激动剂。通过HPLC和¹HNMR分析,cis-A-l被确定为由等量的cis-(+)-(3R,4S,2'S)-l和:cis-(—)-(3S,4R,2'R)-1组成的外消旋体,cis-B-l被确定为由等量的cis-(—)-(3R,4S,2'R)-1和cis-(+)-(3S/,4R,2'S)-1组成的外消旋体。     

四肽FMRFa对大鼠心室肌Na+/Ca2+交换的抑制

目的　研究四肽FMRFa对大鼠单个心室肌细胞Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换的作用。方法　用膜片钳全细胞记录法测定成年大鼠心室肌细胞Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换电流(I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺)和其他离子通道电流。结果　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺呈浓度依赖性抑制,100μmol·L^-1浓度时抑制内向和外向I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺密度分别达60.1%和56.5%,对内向电流及外向电流的IC₅₀分别为20μmol·L^-1和34μmol·L^-1。FMRFa5μmol·L^-1抑制I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺内向和外向电流密度分别为38.7%和34.9%,但FMRFa5μmol·L^-1及20μmol·L^-1对L型钙电流、钠电流、瞬时外向电流和内向整流钾电流均无显著抑制作用。结论　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞是一个特异性Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换抑制剂。     

可乐定镇痛与中枢Ca2+的关系

用大鼠甩尾法和放射配基结合实验,探讨了可乐定镇痛与中枢Ca²⁺的关系。CaCl₂(1μmol/rat,icv)和EGTA(0.2μmol/rat,icv)分别拮抗和增强可乐定(1mg/kg,sc)的镇痛。戊脉安(0.1μmol/rat,icy)对可乐定(1 mg/kg,sc)镇痛无明显影响,但可部分翻转CaCl₂对可乐定镇痛的拮抗。CaCl₂(1×10^-3mol)对[³H]-可乐定结合无明显抑制。结果表明可乐定镇痛与脑室周围组织中Ca²⁺浓度变化密切相关,Ca²⁺至少部分需经对戊脉安敏感的钙通道进入细胞内方可拮抗可乐定镇痛。推沦:可乐定镇痛与神经元内Ca²⁺有关。     

中国辽宁栽培西洋参化学成分的研究

中国辽宁栽培西洋参(Panax quinquefolius Linn)的总皂甙用低压硅胶柱和反相Rp18Labar柱层析分离得到18种化合物,用IR,MS(FD-MS,FAB-MS),¹³C-NMR及化学方法鉴定了16种化合物的化学结构;分别为棕榈酸(1),齐墩果酸(2),胡萝卜甙(daucosterin 3),人参皂甙-Rh₁(4),—Rg₃(5),—Rg₂(6),—Rg₁(7),—Rf(8),—Re(9),—Rd(10),—Rb₂(11),—Rb₁(12)、—R₀(13),蔗糖(14),人参三糖(15)及一种新皂甙(16),结构为:20(s)原人参二醇-3-[-O-β-D-吡喃糖基(1→2)β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→2)β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基],20-[-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→6)β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙,命名为人参皂甙-RAO(ginsenoside-RA₀)。化合物(4)和(5)系首次从西洋参中分离出的已知皂甙。     

丸剂中非法添加环丙沙星的快速检测方法研究

目的 建立一种丸剂中非法添加环丙沙星的快速检测方法。方法 通过¹⁹F-核磁共振定量（¹⁹F-qNMR）法对添加入当归苦参丸中的环丙沙星进行检测,以4,4’-二氟二苯甲酮为内标,以氘代DMSO为溶剂,采集δ-120.3处环丙沙星信号和δ-104.8处内标信号面积,计算环丙沙星的含量。结果 以环丙沙星和内标信号面积比为纵坐标,环丙沙星和内标质量比为横坐标,得到线性回归方程为：Y=3.384 1X+0.114 8,R²=0.992,环丙沙星在5～30 mmol/L具有良好的线性,检出限为7.798×10^-2 mg/mL,定量限为0.260 mg/mL。建立的¹⁹F-qNMR法精密度、重复性、稳定性、加样回收率均符合检测要求。结论 所建立的¹⁹F-qNMR法样品制备简单,检测时间短,灵敏度高,适合对丸剂中非法添加的环丙沙星进行含量测定。     

北京鸭红细胞膜β肾上腺素受体放射配基结合测定法

本文以[³H]dihydroalprenolol([³H]DHA)为放射配基。对北京鸭红细胞(RBC)膜β受体进行了系统研究。结果表明,[³H]DHA与北京鸭RBC结合具有饱和性,肾上腺素能激动剂与[³H]DHA竞争结合的强弱顺序与它们的生物活性一致,提示结合有结构特异性和立体特异性,[³H]DHA与鸭RBC结合迅速、可逆。可见北京鸭RBC膜存在β受体,用于放射配基结合测定有取材方便,受体较丰富,膜蛋白得率高,[³H]DHA非特异结合低和易于保存等优点,可以代替火鸡RBC。     

慢性温和不可预知应激抑郁模型大鼠脑组织1H-NMR代谢组学研究

目的 采用高分辨核磁共振¹H谱（¹H-NMR）代谢组学技术研究慢性温和不可预知应激（CUMS）抑郁大鼠脑组织中代谢物及代谢通路的变化，探讨抑郁症的发病机制。方法 12只雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组和对照组，采用CUMS对模型组大鼠进行为期4周的造模，进行称体质量、旷场实验和糖水偏爱实验验证模型是否成功，造模结束后收集大鼠脑组织。采用两相提取法（甲醇/氯仿/水）对脑组织进行提取，得到水溶性和脂溶性代谢物。应用¹H-NMR技术结合多元统计和代谢通路分析筛选出与抑郁相关的脑内差异代谢物，并构建其代谢通路。结果 行为学数据显示，与对照组比较，模型组大鼠的体质量、糖水偏爱率、旷场的穿格数和直立次数均显著降低（P<0.05），显示了抑郁状态。在大鼠脑组织的¹H-NMR图谱中共指认出35种内源性代谢产物。脑组织中水溶性和脂溶性代谢物主成分分析（PCA）均显示模型组与对照组分开，与行为学结果一致，表明造模成功；OPLS-DA分析找到9个水溶性差异代谢物和6个脂溶性差异代谢物。就水溶性代谢物而言，与对照组比较，模型组中肌酐、谷氨酰胺、牛磺酸和γ-氨基丁酸含量显著增加（P<0.05、0.01、0.001），丙二醇、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸和赖氨酸含量显著降低（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）。就脂溶性代谢物而言，与对照组比较，模型组-（CH₂） n和-N （Me₃）₃含量显著升高（P<0.05、0.001），胆固醇的C18/19甲基、R-CH₃、CH₂OPO₂-、-CH=CH-含量显著降低（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）。与对照组比较，CUMS造模后5条代谢通路发生显著变化：缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成，牛磺酸和亚硫磺酸代谢，丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢，糖降解和糖异生通路和丙酮酸代谢。结论 运用¹H-NMR代谢组学技术结合多元统计分析和代谢通路分析，阐明抑郁症的发病机制与能量代谢、氨基酸代谢和神经递质合成等相关。     

银杏叶中金松双黄酮的核磁共振谱分析

通过对银杏叶中金松双黄酮(Sciadopitysin)的~1H-NMR,NOEDS,~(13)C-NMR,DEPT及~1H-~1H COSY,~(13)C-~1H COSY和Long-range ~(13)C-~1H COSY谱的综合分析,确定了其结构和信号归属,为这一类双黄酮化合物的结构鉴定提供了进一步的依据。     

马蓝的化学成分研究

Seven compounds have been isolated from the whole plant of Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) O. Ktze. Three of them are triterpenes (Ⅰ～Ⅲ), two are indole alkaloids (Ⅳ, Ⅴ), two are quinazolinone alkaloids (Ⅵ, Ⅶ). On the basis of spectral analysis and physicochemical properties, their structures were established as lupeol (Ⅰ), betulin (Ⅱ), lupenone (Ⅲ), indigo (Ⅳ), indirubin (Ⅴ), 4 (3H)-quinazolinone (Ⅵ), 2, 4 (1H, 3H)-quinazolinedione (Ⅶ). Ⅵ and Ⅶ were found from natural plant for the first time.The results of the pharmacological tests demonstrate that compound Ⅴ has anticancer activity and compound Ⅵ has hypotensive action. Compound Ⅶ can be quantitatively determined by HPLC, which may serve as a quality control standard for materia medica and its preparations. Compounds Ⅵ and Ⅶ have been confirmed by means of synthesis.     

芍药单萜苷的NMR谱学研究

利用HMBC ,HMQC ,1H 1HCOSY ,ROSEY等核磁技术第一次完整地确定了芍药苷中碳氢信号的归属     

血卟啉二甲酯及双乙酰血卟啉二甲酯的制备和鉴定

血卟啉衍生物(Hematoporphyrin derivative,简称HPD)结合激光诊治肿瘤,是国外近年来发展起来的一种新技术,用于诊断和治疗体表和体腔内的多种癌症,展示了较好的前景。用国产HPD治疗多种癌症亦取得了初步效果。临床上应用的血卟啉衍生物是多种卟啉类化合物的混合物。为了搞清血卟啉衍生物的有效成分,国内外已从HPD中分出了多种     

Synthesis, molecular modelling and biological evaluation of 4-amino-2(1H)-quinazolinone and 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolidone derivatives as antitumor agents

A series of 6-benzoyl-, 6-arylthio- and 6-arylsulfonyl-4-amino-2(1H)-quinazolinones and -2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinediones were prepared. They were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity against the NCI-60 cancer cell lines.     

6,7-亚甲二氧基-1(2H,4H)-吖啶酮衍生物的合成及镇痛作用

报道13个6,7-亚甲二氧基-1(2H,4H)-吖啶酮衍生物的合成。初步药理实验表明:合成的化合物均有不同程度的镇痛作用,其中化合物Ⅱe的镇痛效力最强。     

地黄中环烯醚萜类成分及其氢谱碳谱规律

我们对现有的600多个环烯醚萜类化合物进行比较,认为依据母核的不同,将环烯醚萜类化合物分为5大类便 加合理,地黄中已分得的环烯醚萜类化合物共32个,均属母核为9个碳,且C－10接在C－8上的第Ⅲ类骨架的化合物,本文试图结合已从其它植物中分得的第Ⅲ类骨架的环烯醚萜类化合物的^1H-NMR和^13C-NMR数据,对地黄中所分得的环烯萜类化合物的^1H-NMR和^13C-NMR规律作一总结。     

Current Aspects of Practical Two-Dimensional (2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Applications to Structure Elucidation

The intense effort in developing new 2D NMR methodology over the past decade has been driven by the desire to study molecules of progressively greater complexity. The need for refined structural detail has produced new types of experiments that require more involvement on the part of the practicing spectroscopist in understanding the theoretical bases leading to their experimental realization. In this Review we discuss several concepts that are important in the successful application of current versions of the most useful 2D NMR experiments, such as coherence transfer, phase cycling, apodization functions, and obtaining pure-phase 2D NMR spectra. The intimate interconnections among these concepts are emphasized. The principles underlying the 2D NMR experiments are described and then the experiments are illustrated in assigning the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra of the triterpene, ursolic acid.     

Synthesis of new 2-[1(2H)-phthalazinon-2-yl]acetamide and 3-[1(2H)-phthalazinon-2-yl]propanamide derivatives as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents

As a consequence of our ongoing studies on heterocyclic compounds for new antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents bearing lactam functional group, new 2-[1(2H)-phthalazinon-2-yl]acetamide and 3-[1(2H)-phthalazinon-2-yl]propanamide derivatives have been synthesized. Among the compounds synthesized, compound (4e) was found the most active derivative in terms of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, without gastric lesions and bleeding at the given dose.     

Brain histamine H receptor occupancy of orally administered antihistamines measured by positron emission tomography with (11)C-doxepin in a placebo-controlled crossover study design in healthy subjects: a comparison of olopatadine and ketotifen

AIMS: The strength of sedation due to antihistamines can be evaluated by using positron emission tomography (PET). The purpose of the present study is to measure histamine H(1) receptor (H(1)R) occupancy due to olopatadine, a new second-generation antihistamine and to compare it with that of ketotifen. METHODS: Eight healthy males (mean age 23.5 years-old) were studied following single oral administration of olopatadine 5 mg or ketotifen 1 mg using PET with (11)C-doxepin in a placebo-controlled crossover study design. Binding potential ratio and H(1)R occupancy were calculated and were compared between olopatadine and ketotifen in the medial prefrontal (MPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC), anterior cingulate (ACC), insular (IC), temporal (TC), parietal (PC), occipital cortices (OC). Plasma drug concentration was measured, and correlation of AUC to H(1)R occupancy was examined. RESULTS: H(1)R occupancy after olopatadine treatment was significantly lower than that after ketotifen treatment in the all cortical regions (P < 0.001). Mean H(1)R occupancies for olopatadine and ketotifen were, respectively: MPFC, 16.7 vs. 77.7; DLPFC, 14.1 vs. 85.9; ACC, 14.7 vs. 76.1; IC, 12.8 vs. 69.7; TC, 12.5 vs. 66.5; PC, 13.9 vs. 65.8; and OC, 19.5 vs. 60.6. Overall cortical mean H(1)R occupancy of olopatadine and ketotifen were 15% and 72%, respectively. H(1)R occupancy of both drugs correlated well with their respective drug plasma concentrations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that 5 mg oral olopatadine, with its low H(1)R occupancy and thus minimal sedation, could safely be used an antiallergic treatment for various allergic disorders. Abbreviations histamine H(1) receptor (H(1)R), histamine H(1) receptor occupancy (H(1)RO), dopamine D(2) receptor (D(2)R), positron emission tomography (PET), blood-brain barrier (BBB), binding potential ratio (BPR), distribution volume (DV).