搬运卧床病人省力装置的研制与应用

临床护理工作中经常需要搬运病人,过去采用担架车、轮椅或几个护工手抬、抱、背等方式搬运,极不方便.特别是遇到病危、休克、骨折病人不宜过多活动,或需制动、手术后留置有各种引流管道的病人,在搬运过程中难免动作过大或因人手不够而顾此失彼,致使病人身上的各种管道脱落,从而加重病情.同时,搬运病人还大大增加了医护人员的工作量和劳动强度,且身体容易受到伤害.为此,护理人员经长期实践研制出一种省力装置,经临床应用效果满意.现介绍如下.……     

介绍一种胸腔引流管固定方法

胸腔闭式引流术是治疗气胸、液胸、血胸的常用方法，由于引流管粗且较长，临床上多采用引流管与皮肤缝合或用多条胶布将其固定，触动引流管即可引起病人疼痛，搬运或给病人翻身时易脱落。为此，对引流管的固定方法进行了改进，经临床应用，效果满意。     

新式半软体脊柱搬运板的研制与临床应用

目的:研制一种适用于脊柱损伤病人搬运检查时安全、有效的工具.方法:新式半软体脊柱搬运板是由帆布与聚丙烯类原料板构成,制作成安全有效的脊柱固定板.临床应用于院外救治、院内转运的117例可疑及明确脊柱脊髓损伤病人.结果:117例脊柱损伤病人搬运过程安全,未出现再次损伤;新式半软体脊柱搬运板可自由组装拆卸,适用于不同年龄段、身高及体重需搬运的脊柱损伤病人.结论:新式半软体脊柱搬运板安全有效、便携经济、无各种金属成分,方便脊柱损伤病人更好地进行检查,有效地避免搬运过程中的再次损伤.     

搬运下肢骨折病人的体会

下肢骨折病人在住院期间经常需要进行搬运，如接受检查、接送手术等。我科医护人员在实践中应用两种方法搬运病人，既可减少骨折断端对周围组织的刺激，又减少了搬运给病人带来的痛苦，同时确保骨折固定方式的稳定与安全。现介绍如下。     

介绍一种带调节器的引流袋

一次性引流袋是临床连接体腔引流管的常用物品。在搬运病人过程中或病人更换体位时，引流袋往往被置于病人体表或与体腔成水平位，甚至高于体腔。为防止引流液逆流造成的感染，需将引流管用血管钳或其他夹子夹闭或打折。另外，长期留置导尿管的病人，拔管前训练膀胱张力，促使膀胱功能的恢复时需要间断夹闭引流管。使用血管钳夹闭引流管不仅取材不便，也给病人下床活动带来不便。为此，设计了一种装配有调节器的引流袋。可随时夹闭与开放引流管，杜绝了因引流液逆流造成的逆行感染，且操作方便，效果满意，值得临床推广应用。     

手术室体力处理操作的风险及预防措施

体力处理操作（manual handling opertions，MHO）是指用手、手臂或其它身体动作去移动或支撑复合物。在手术室，护士除需搬运病人、各种手术器械外，大量的工作是身体不协调运动配合手术操作。我科护士几乎都不同程度地受到过伤害。为此，笔者通过资料查询，探索出一套适合手术室的预防方法，经临床应用取得初步成效。     

一次性中单搬运术后病人的方法

术后病人的搬运是手术室工作的重要组成部分,好的方法既能将手术后的病人安全、舒适的送回病房,又能够保证平车及病床的清洁,减少院内感染的发生。我们在多年的临床实践中总结出了一些方法,现将一次性中单搬运法介绍如下。1材料一次性医用中单90 cm×150 cm,或一次性剖腹敷料包     

Rollbord转运滑板在搬运ICU病人中的应用

[目的]探讨应用Rollbord转运滑板搬运ICU病人的可行性。[方法]选取年龄20岁以上的ICU病人121例,按入院时间分为两组,对照组采用传统搬运法,试验组使用Rollbord转运滑板搬运法,评价两组搬运花费时间、人力及病人搬运前后心率及血氧饱和度变化情况。[结果]试验组在花费时间、人力、病人搬运前后心率及血氧饱和度方面明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]在搬运ICU病人时应用Rollbord转运滑板,可以减少搬运时间及人力,对病人搬运前后心率及血氧饱和度影响小。     

自制体位更换带在临床中的应用

长期卧床病人的体位更换常常是临床工作中的一大难题，在更换体位过程中，如若手法不当或用力不当不仅易致病人皮肤损伤，增加病人痛苦，也易伤及操作者。笔者在临床工作中自制了一种体位更换带，经临床50例试用，效果极佳。现报告如下。     

谈急诊病人盖被褥的方法

给急诊病人盖被褥保暖是急救工作程序中常常被急诊科护士忽视或轻视的一个环节，但是低温确实是危重病人病情持续恶化的因素之一。体温过低可导致所有的生理功能的加速，包括心血管和呼吸系统、神经传导、精神的敏锐性、神经肌肉的反应时问和代谢率。结果给抢救工作带来很大的不利。抢救低温病人叉不能采用直接加热方法，所以在抢救过程中给危重病人保暖非常重要。通过我科总结出采用类似铺无菌盘的半铺半盖法给病人盖被褥，不仅可起到保暖作用，也方便搬运。     

1，5-脱水山梨醇的性质及其临床应用

1，5-脱水山梨醇（1，5-anhydro-D-glncitol；1，5-AC）是一种存在于人类血液中的正常化合物，由于其代谢稳定，在血液中波动范围小，可反映血糖短期的变化．具有空腹血糖、果糖胺和糖化血红蛋白所不具有的优点，在糖尿病诊断与治疗中具有很高的价值和意义。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株检测及耐药性分析

目的了解我院送检标本中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)细菌的检出率及耐药情况,指导临床医生合理有效地使用抗生素。方法用NCCLS推荐的确证试验对临床分离的198例革兰氏阴性杆菌进行ESBLs鉴定,抗生素敏感测定采用K-B琼脂扩散法。结果共检出产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株42株,总检出率21.4%;其中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌的ESBLs检出率分别为20.6%、23.7%及16.7%。检出的产ESBLs细菌对所有青霉素类抗生素产生耐药,多数菌株对三代头孢类抗生素的耐药率>80%,对磺胺类、喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率也在60%以上。氨基糖苷类对产ESBLs菌表现出较好的抗菌作用,亚胺培南对所有产ESBLs菌表现出最强抗菌作用。结论第三代头孢菌素和亚胺培南的大量应用是产生ESBLs菌的主要原因,亚胺培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素是产ESBLs菌株临床治疗有效的药物。     

Differentiation of CD3-4-8- human fetal thymocytes in vivo: characterization of a CD3-4+8- intermediate

Human thymocyte differentiation was examined by injecting fetal thymic progenitor populations into human thymic xenografts in SCID-hu mice. Thymic progenitors were fluorescently labeled with the lipophilic dye PKH2. The phenotypes of their progeny could be identified by flow cytometric analysis of cells with a very high fluorescent PKH2 signal. Intrathymic injection of purified triple negative (TN) CD3-4-8- thymocytes resulted in the sequential appearance of CD3-4+8-, CD3-4+8+, and CD3+4+8+ cells, with the subsequent appearance of small numbers of phenotypically mature CD3+4+8- and CD3+4-8+ cells over a 4-d period. Sorted CD3-4+8- thymocytes injected intrathymically rapidly differentiated to CD4+8+ cells. CD4+8+ fetal thymocytes in cell cycle differentiated into phenotypically mature CD3+4+8- and CD3+4-8+ populations, whereas nondividing CD4+8+ cells failed to differentiate after intrathymic transfer. The number of cell divisions that occurred between the injection of TN thymocytes and their progeny at different time points was estimated based on the decrease in the intensity of the PKH2 label. The average length of the cell cycle for the TN population was calculated to be 24 h. The SCID-hu model thus provides a useful tool for studying the kinetics of cell division and differentiation of human thymocytes in vivo.     

Pharmacokinetics of (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol in humans and dogs

Pharmacokinetic parameters of (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol were determined in humans and dogs after a single oral or intravenous dose. Mean (+/- SD) oral bioavailability of (+/-)-gossypol in dogs was 30.9% +/- 16.2%. Studies in dogs who received single intravenous injections revealed that the elimination t1/2 and volume of distribution of (+)-gossypol were five and six times those of (-)-gossypol, respectively, whereas total body clearance and the AUC of the two enantiomers were similar. Data from men receiving the compounds orally show that the average peak plasma concentration and the AUC of (+)-gossypol are significantly greater than those of the (-)-isomer. The rate constants of alpha, beta, ka, k21, and k10 for (-)-gossypol are significantly greater than those for (+)-gossypol, indicating higher rates of mass transfer of the (-)-species. In humans the elimination t1/2 of (+)-gossypol was 29 times as that of (-)-gossypol, a difference that is more striking than that found in dogs. The elimination t1/2 of (+/-)-gossypol in humans averages 286 +/- 179 hours.     

颞浅动脉旁注射护理服务项目的成本核算

目的探讨颞浅动脉旁注射(以下简称颞浅注射)护理成本核算方法。方法根据项目成本核算有关公式完成颞浅注射护理成本核算,并与当前收费作比较。结果根据实际情况核算出颞浅注射护理成本。结论提供了较为科学的核算方法,为更合理地制定价格提供了依据。     

Ferroelectric performance of nylons 6-12, 10-12, 11-12, and 12-12

Nylons have great potential for electrical applications requiring high polarizability and low dielectric loss. Recently, the narrow single hysteresis loop with relaxor ferroelectricity and the double hysteresis loop due to antiferroelectricity have been reported in nylon random copolymers, terpolymers, and common even-numbered nylons. Although several studies of ferroelectric nylons have been reported, even–even-numbered and odd–even-numbered nylons have not been sufficiently explored. Here, the ferroelectricity of spin-coated even–even-numbered and odd–even-numbered nylons was investigated. A series of even–even-numbered nylons, including nylons 6-12, 10-12, and 12-12, and an odd–even-numbered nylon, nylon 11-12, were polymerized with 1,10-dodecanedicarboxylic acid (12) and four aliphatic diamines with various methylene units, 1,6-hexanediamine (6), 1,10-decanediamine (10), 1,11-undecanediamine (11), and 1,12-dodecanediamine (12). The obtained nylon polymers were spin coated and then subjected to melt-quenching or thermal annealing followed by quenching. From the X-ray diffraction and the electrical hysteresis loop data, the correlation between the ferroelectricity and the crystal parameters of crystallinity and crystallite size of the γ crystal phase was investigated. Furthermore, the free volume of the nylon samples was estimated to correlate with the ferroelectricity. Temperature-dependent ferroelectricity was investigated for nylon 10-12. At a high temperature, the nylon samples showed a narrow polarization–electric field hysteresis loop and a rhombus-shaped polarization current–electric field hysteresis loop due to the relaxor ferroelectricity. This behaviour was caused by electrically rotating the nanodomains with weakened hydrogen bonds at higher temperatures.

Nylons have great potential for electrical applications requiring high polarizability and low dielectric loss.     

儿童疑似肺炎支原体感染者血清、支气管灌洗液、胸腔积液、脑脊液MP-Ab-IgM检测的结果分析

目的 分析肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿血清、支气管灌洗液、胸腔积液及脑脊液的肺炎支原体(MP)MP-Ab-IgM检测结果。方法 选取2013年3月～6月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院疑似MP感染的278例住院患儿的血清、支气管灌洗液、胸腔积液及脑脊液标本,采用颗粒凝集的方法检测MP-Ab-IgM。结果181例患儿(男孩104例,女孩77例)的不同标本中MP呈阳性反应。278例患儿均进行了血清标本检测,共检出阳性血清标本170例,总检出率为61.2%(170/278),144例同时进行了支气管灌洗液检测,检出阳性62例,检出率为43.1%(62/144); 19例同时进行了胸腔积液标本检测,检出阳性13例,检出率为68.4%(13/19); 15例同时进行了脑脊液标本检测,检出阳性1例,检出率为6.7%(1/15)。各年龄组间检出率分别为:6个月～1岁组29.0%(9/31),～3岁组51.0%(25/49),～5岁组56.1%(23/41),～16岁组79.0%(124/157),6个月～1岁组与其他年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); ～3岁与～5岁组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而与～16岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在6个月～1岁,～3岁,～5岁,～16岁四个年龄组中,同一患儿检测的不同类型MP-Ab-IgM阳性标本,其对应结果为A:血清类(111例)7,21,13和70; B:血清-支气管灌洗液类(45例)0,2,5和38; C:血清+胸腔积液类(7例)0,1,2和4; D:血清+脑脊液(1例)0,0,0和1; E:血清+支气管灌洗液+胸腔积液类(6例)0,0,2和4; F:支气管灌洗液类(11)2,1,1和7。结论 MP感染多种多样,有低龄化趋势,且有逐年增多的趋势。不同年龄组间血清阳性检出率随年龄增长逐渐增加,婴幼儿阳性检出率明显升高,重症患儿多发于年龄较大的患儿。     

Pure apraxia of speech - a case report -

Apraxia of speech (AOS) is the impairment of motor programming. However, the exact nature of this deficit remains unclear. In particular, AOS without other speech-language deficit is called pure AOS, but it is very rare. When diagnosing AOS, the characteristic of articulation is considered a crucial criterion, which has been proposed for differentiating AOS from phonological and dysarthric disorders. The present study reports on pure AOS in a 37-year-old right-handed male after a left insular, front, temporal infarction. This report may be useful for further AOS study and diagnosis in the clinical setting.