正常妊娠妇女血中活化蛋白C抵抗及其相关原因的研究

目的:探讨正常妊娠妇女血浆活化蛋白C抵抗(APCR)现象及其发生的原因。方法:用APTT-APC法检测APCR敏感性比值(APCR-SR)在50例健康对照妇女(NC)和50例正常妊娠妇女(NP)中的发生率;用多聚酶链反应——限制性内切酶长度多态性分析(PCR—RFLP)检测F Ⅴ Leiden突变;用简化的单管稀释蝰蛇毒时间测定法(DVVT)测定狼疮抗凝物(LA)水平;用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定抗磷脂抗体Ig G(ACA Ig G)含量。结果:NC正常化APCR敏感性比值(n-APCR-SR)为0.95±0.16,NP有22例n-APCR-SR<0.63,即APCR阳性率为44%,NC组仅2例阳性(4%),两组差异显著(P<0.01);24例APCR阳性者均未检测到F Ⅴ Leiden突变;LA阳性率NP为38%(19例),NC为0;ACA Ig G含量NP组显著高于NC组(P<0.05)。LA阳性率和APCR阳性率在NP组有很好的一致性。结论:APCR可能是妊娠期高凝状态的一个危险因素,但并非由F Ⅴ Leiden突变所致;抗磷脂抗体(包括LA和ACA)可能是获得性APCR的一个重要原因。     

习惯性流产与抗活化的蛋白C的研究

目的:了解抗活化的蛋白C(APC)在习惯性流产(RSA)患者中的发生情况,并进一步探讨APCR引起胎盘血管微小血栓形成并进而引起RSA的发生机制。方法:采用APC-KPTT法,ELISA法和PTT-LA法分别对16例RSA及20例正常对照(NC)进行APCR、抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)和狼疮抗凝物(LA)检测,采用一期法检恻FVⅦ:C,胶乳凝集法检测D-Dimer。结果:16例RSA患者共8例抗磷脂抗体(APA)阳性,其中4例LA阳性,2例ACA阳性,2例LA、ACA同时阳性,阳性率(50%)明显高于NC组(0/20)(P<0.005),APCR阳性率为50％,明显高于NC组(5%)(P<0.005)。APA阳性组APCR阳性率(87.5%)明显高于NC组(5%)(P<0.005)FVⅡ:C及D-Dimer阳性率均明显高于NC组(P<0.001及P<0.05)。APA阴性组APCR阳性率(12.5%)与NC组无显著性差异(P>0.05)FVⅡ:C明显高于NC组(P0.05),相关分析显示,APA阳性组APCR发生率(87.5％)明显高于地APA阴性组(12.5%)(P<0.005)。结论:习惯性流产患者胎盘血管发生血栓一方面由于患者体内处于高凝状态,另一方面由于APCR在习惯性流产患者中有较高的发生率且与APA有明显相关性,APCR可能是引起胎盘微血栓形成并引起习惯性流产的主要原因之一。     

新疆地区动脉血栓形成患者抗活化蛋白C及FV Leiden突变的调查

目的研究抗活化蛋白C（activated protein C resistance，APCR）现象和FV Leiden在新疆正常人群、血栓患者中的发生情况。方法对414例正常体检者（N）和79例脑梗死患者组（CT）及46例心肌梗死患者组（MI），用APCR法进行APCR敏感比（n—APC—SR）（〈0．68）和APCR阳性率（〈2．0为阳性）测定，用多聚酶链反应-限制性内切酶长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）分析及DNA序列分析对以上标本APCR阳性者做FV Leiden突变和凝血酶原G20210A位基因突变的检测的分析。结果APCR发生率正常对照组为6．28％，其APCR发生率在哈萨克族、维吾尔族、回族、汉族中分别是12％、8．4％、8．35％及4．8％，正常人APCR发生率在哈萨克族较高，且各少数名族与汉族APCR发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。脑梗死病例组的APCR发生率为11．39％，心肌梗死病例组的APCR发生率为8．70％；两组间以及两组APCR发生率分别与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。各组人群中均未检出FV Leiden 1691 G—A突变杂合子以及凝血酶原G20210A位基因突变。结论APCR现象在新疆地区正常人少数民族中有较高的发生率，其分布与人种、地域有关。未检出FV Leiden，和凝血酶原G20210A位突变。因此，FV Leiden突变不是新疆地区人群动脉血栓发病的主要危险因素.     

抗磷脂血栓综合征

目的:了解抗磷脂抗体(APA)与抗磷脂血栓综合征(APL-T)相关性,进一步探讨APL-T血栓发生机制。方法:采用 ELISA检测ACA(IgG,M,A),PTT-LA检测LA,APTT /-APC检测APC-R。结果:20例患者符合 APL-T诊断。根据病因分类:14/100例SLE为继发性 APL-T;6/16例“原因不明”血栓与习惯性流产为原发性APL-T。根据抗体分类:12/20例LA阳性为狼疮抗凝因子血栓综合征(LA-T);12/20例ACA阳性为抗心磷脂抗体血栓综合征(ACA-T)。根据临床症状分类:7/20例静脉血栓为Ⅰ型,3/20例脑梗塞为Ⅱ型;1/20例静脉血栓合并脑梗塞,习惯性流产为Ⅳ型(混全型);9/20例习惯性流产为Ⅴ型APL-T。APL-T患者LA阳性率(12/20,60％)明显高于正常对照组(NC组0/20,0%)。患者ACA-IgG,M与NC组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);APCR在APL-T患者中阳性率(14/20,70％)明显高于NC组(l/20,5％);LA阳性组中的APCR阳性率(10/11,90.9％)明显高于LA阴性组(l/11,9％),ACA阳性组的APCR阳性率(7/11,63.3％)与ACA阴性组(4/11,36.36％)比较有显著性差异。结论:APA与APCR密切相关,APL-T中血栓发生率与APA以及APCR存在明显相关性,说明APA对PC途径的抑制引起获得性APCR可能是APL-T血栓发生的重要原因,故可将APA作为血栓危险性增加的标志物。     

易栓性疾病患者血浆中凝血因子V基因三种多态性和APC-R、LA的检测

目的 了解易栓性疾病患者凝血因子V基因三种多态性和狼疮抗凝物质(LA)、活化蛋白C抵抗(APC-R)的发生率。方法 测定237例易栓性疾病(包括90例脑梗塞、59例冠心病、57例高血压、31例深静脉血栓)患者和正常对照血浆中LA、APC-R,并用限制性内切酶片段多态性方法测定FV G1691→A、G1091→C．A1090→G三种基因多态性的发生情况。结果 脑梗塞组LA阳性者有41例(45.6％),APC-R阳性者3例(3.3％);冠心病组LA阳性者有24例(407％),APC-R未见阳性;高血压组LA阳性者有22例(38.6％),APC-R阳性者有4例(7.0％);深静脉血栓组LA阳性者有13例(41.9％),APC-R阳性者1例(3.2％);对照组未见阳性、三种基因多态性都未见阳性。结论 易栓性疾病患者LA阳性率明显高于正常对照,LA可能是引起易栓性疾病患者血栓形成的重要原因之一,易栓性疾病患者存在APC-R．但可能和凝血因子V基因三种多态性无关。     

脑梗死患者凝血因子Ⅴ基因3种多态性和APC-R、LA的检测

目的:研究脑梗死患者狼疮抗凝物质(LA)、活化蛋白C抵抗(APC-R)和凝血因子V基因3种多态性的关系.方法:测定脑梗死患者和正常对照血浆中LA、APC-R,并用限制性内切酶片段多态性方法测定FV G1691→A、G1091→C、A1090→G等3种基因多态性的发生情况.结果:脑梗死患者LA阳性占45.56%,APC-R阳性占3.33%,但3种基因多态性均未见阳性.结论:脑梗死患者LA阳性率明显高于正常对照.LA可能是引起脑梗死患者脑血栓形成的重要原因之一.脑梗死患者存在APC-B,但可能和凝血因子Ⅴ基因3种多态性无关.     

抗心磷脂抗体、狼疮抗凝物质与妊娠期高血压疾病的相关性

目的 通过对体内抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)、狼疮抗凝物质(LA)的测定,探讨ACA,LA与妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)的关系.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)及免疫组化方法检测52例妊娠期高血压疾病患者(妊娠期高血压疾病组,其中妊娠期高血压14例、轻度子痫前期15例、重度子痫前期23例)及40例正常妊娠妇女(对照组)的血清中ACA阳性率与LA比值,并分析其在正常孕妇与不同程度妊娠期高血压疾病患者中的差异及相关性.结果 ①血清中ACA的阳性率:妊娠期高血压疾病组高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度子痫前期患者明显高于对照组(P<0.01).②血清中LA比值:妊娠期高血压疾病组高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05);轻度子痫前期患者高于对照组(P<0.05),重度子痫前期患者明显高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 体内ACA阳性率、LA比值的高低与妊娠期高血压疾病的发病及病情具有相关性.     

急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成的活化蛋白C抵抗研究

目的 探讨急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成(AMVT)患者发病中活化蛋白C抵抗(APCR)的发生情况,并探讨其机制.方法 选择68例AMVT患者和75例健康对照者,采用APC-KPTT法、ELISA法和PTT-LA法分别检测APCR、抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)和狼疮抗凝物(LA).结果 AMVT患者APCR的总阳性率(30.9%,21/68)明显高于对照组(4.0%,3/75),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);AMVT组ACA阳性率(13.2%,9/68)高于对照组(1.3%,1/75);ACA-IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),而IgM和IgA与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).AMVT组LA阳性率(22.1%,15/68),而对照组仅2例(2.7%,2/75).AMVT患者LA阳性组中的APCR阳性率(80.0%,12/15)明显高于LA阴性组中的APCR阳性率(17.0%,9/53)(P＜0.01);ACA阳性组中的APCR阳性率(33.3%,3/9)和ACA阴性组中的APCR阳性率(30.5%,18/59)之间无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 APCR在中国北方人AMVT患者中有较高的发生率且与LA有明显相关性,APCR可能是AMVT患者血栓发生的主要原因之一.     

脑梗死患者凝血因子V基因3种多态性和APC-R、LA的检测

目的：研究脑梗死患者狼疮抗凝物质(LA)、活化蛋白C抵抗(APC-R)和凝血因子V基因3种多态性的关系。方法：测定脑梗死患者和正常对照血浆中LA、APC-R，并用限制性内切酶片段多态性方法测定FV C1691→A、G1091→C、A1090→G等3种基因多态性的发生情况。结果：脑梗死患者LA阳性占45．56％，APC-R阳性占3．33％，但3种基因多态性均未见阳性。结论：脑梗死患者LA阳性率明显高于正常对照。LA可能是引起脑梗死患者脑血栓形成的重要原因之一。脑梗死患者存在APC-R，但可能和凝血因子v基因3种多态性无关。     

维吾尔族静脉血栓栓塞症与凝血酶原G20210A和凝血因子V Leiden突变的相关性研究

目的探讨凝血酶原基因G20210A(FⅡG20210A)和凝血因子V基因Leiden突变(FVL)单核苷酸多态性(SNP)及活化蛋白C抵抗(APCR)与维吾尔族(维族)静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的关系。方法选择2008年1月-2013年6月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院住院的维族VTE患者178例(病例组)及本院同期同民族住院体检者217例(健康对照组)。采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-PFLP)技术检测FⅡG20210A和FVL多态性,应用凝固法于SYSMEX CS-2000型全自动血液凝固仪检测APCR,并分析FⅡG20210A和FVL多态性及APCR与VTE的关联性。结果 (1)所有受检对象均未检出FⅡG20210A基因突变,其变异频率为0。(2)健康对照组中只有GG基因型,而未见GA和AA基因型,A等位基因频率为0。病例组中FVL多态性GG型与GA/AA型分布频率差异有统计学意义(P=0.018),且A等位基因分布频率差异亦有统计学意义(P=0.018)。(3)病例组APCR阳性率较健康对照组高(11.24%与4.60%),其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但VTE患者FVL多态性各基因型间APCR阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)非条件logistic回归分析后,肥胖(OR=1.599,95%CI 1.383~1.849,P=0.000)、高脂血症(OR=1.087,95%CI 1.035~1.141,P=0.001)和APCR阳性(OR=1.922,95%CI 1.880~5.561,P=0.033)是VTE患者的独立危险因素。结论凝血酶原G20210A基因突变在新疆维族VTE患者及正常人群中罕见甚至缺如。APCR及FVL多态性是维吾尔族VTE患者的危险因素,但FVL多态性不是引起APCR的主要因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.