腰椎融合术对脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡及疗效的临床观察

目的：探讨腰椎退变性疾病采用腰椎融合术治疗对脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡及临床疗效分析。方法收集2009年6月至2012年6月我院骨科接受腰椎内固定融合手术的92例腰椎退行性疾病患者的临床资料,术后2年内随访患者,对比腰椎前凸角( LL)、腰椎矢状垂直轴( SVA)、骨盆入射角( PI)、骶骨倾斜角( SS)、骨盆倾斜角( PT)等参数数值,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数( ODI)、视觉模拟评分法( VAS)及日本骨科学会( JOA)评分,评估术后疗效。结果脊柱骨盆参数SVA、LL、SS及PT手术后均较术前有明显改变,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后随访VAS、ODI及JOA 评分,均较术前有明显改善,治疗前后统计学差异显著(P<0.05)。结论腰椎融合手术可以恢复腰椎生理前凸,对于维持脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡和提高手术疗效,改善术后症状有积极意义。     

悬吊运动疗法治疗颈椎病生物力学机制的临床研究

目的揭示悬吊运动疗法治疗颈椎病的生物力学机制。方法 2015年8月~2016年12月,采用简单随机方法,将72例颈椎病患者随机分为实验组(SET疗法组)与对照组(牵引组),实验组36例(男9例,女27例),年龄(45.19±10.09)岁,病程(24.94±18.07)月;对照组36例(男11例,女25例),年龄(44.08±8.88)岁,病程(22.17±14.96)月。应用BiodexⅢSystem等速测试系统测试颈部肌群力学性能,治疗前和疗程结束后各测试1次。结果治疗前,两组峰力矩(peak torque,PT)、平均功率(average power,AP)、屈肌峰力矩/伸肌峰力矩比值(flexor/extensor peak torque ratio,F/E)比较没有统计学差异;治疗后,PT、AP、F/E比较,实验组优于对照组(P0.05)。实验组治疗前后PT、AP、F/E比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗前,两组疼痛评分(VAS)比较没有统计学差异;治疗后,实验组VAS优于对照组(P0.05);实验组治疗前后VAS比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 SET可以改善颈椎病患者颈部肌群收缩力量和做功效率,以及颈部肌群屈、伸肌群的协调能力,从而有利于恢复颈椎病患者颈部的生物力学性能。     

改良银质针导热治疗胸背部软组织劳损筋膜病的临床观察

评价改良银质针导热疗法治疗胸背部软组织劳损筋膜病的临床疗效。方法 选择2016年6月~2018年6月我院收治的80例胸背肌筋膜炎患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各40例,治疗组给予改良银质针导热疗法治疗,对照组用常规银质针导热治疗,观察两组患者治疗前后VAS评分、临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果 治疗组总有效率为90.00%,对照组为87.50%,组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗1周、2周、3周后,两组VAS评分均较前降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但两组间VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗组有2例出现心慌、头晕症状,经休息后缓解。对照组有3例出现局部疼痛、瘀血现象,未给予特殊处理,于1周后消失;2例出现晕针,平躺休息后恢复正常。结论 改良银质针疗法与常规银质针疗法均能改善患者疼痛症状,两种方法治疗效果相当,但改良银质针不刺激骨膜,能减轻患者治疗时的疼痛。     

注射用七叶皂苷钠治疗手部骨筋膜间室综合征的疗效观察

目的：探讨注射用七叶皂苷钠治疗手部骨筋膜间室综合征的疗效观察。方法将80例手部挤压伤合并手部骨筋膜间室综合征患者随机分为治疗组、对照组,各40例。两组患者一旦确诊为手部骨筋膜间隙综合征,即给予综合治疗(包括伤肢抬高、牵引、轴线对位、解除外部压力)。治疗组在综合治疗的基础上使用注射用七叶皂苷钠20mg加入10%葡萄糖注射液250ml,静脉滴注,qd,5d为一个疗程；对照组在综合治疗的基础上,给予20%甘露醇250ml静脉滴注或静脉推注,bid,5d为1个疗程,根据病情好转逐渐减量。两组患者严密观察1d~3d内的病情变化,3d内疗效不佳者立即行筋膜切开减压术,合并有骨折者同时做骨折内固定术。评估两组消肿作用起效时间,Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度肿胀患者平均病程长短以及总有效。结果治疗组消肿作用起效时间明显较对照组快(P<0.05),治疗组平均病程也明显较对照组缩短(P<0.05)；治疗组总有效率为95.0%,对照组总有效率为80.0%,两组之间有非常显著差异(P<0.05)。结论注射用七叶皂苷钠具有显著的抗渗出、消肿胀的作用,治疗手部挤压伤合并手部骨筋膜间室综合征的疗效显著优于甘露醇,而且无甘露醇样反跳作用,也无糖皮质激素样副作用,改善手部微循环、快速消除水肿、促进伤口愈合,有利于手功能的早期训练与康复,是治疗手部骨筋膜间室综合征的理想药物,值得临床推广。     

悬浮红细胞联合手工分冰冻血浆输注对大量输血患者 凝血四项指标变化的影响

目的 探究悬浮红细胞联合手工分冰冻血浆输注对大量输血患者凝血四项指标变化的影响。方法 选取2013年9月～2017年4月我院58例大量输血患者,依据输血方式不同分组,各29例。对照组输入悬浮红细胞,于此基础上,实验组输入手工分冰冻血浆。对比两组大量输血前及输血后第1、3、5 天凝血四项指标水平。结果 输血前,两组凝血四项指标FIB、TT、APTT、PT水平相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;输血后第1天,两组FIB水平较输血前下降,TT、APTT、PT水平较输血前上升,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;输血后第3 、5天,两组FIB水平较输血后第1天上升,TT、APTT、PT水平较输血后1 d下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;输血后第5天,实验组凝血四项指标FIB、TT、APTT、PT水平均基本恢复至输血前水平,差异有统计学意义（P＞0.05）;且输血后第1、3、5天 ,实验组FIB水平较对照组高,TT、APTT、PT水平均较对照组低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对大量输血患者联合输注悬浮红细胞、手工分冰冻血浆,有助于改善凝血功能,提高输血疗效,在临床治疗中具有重要意义。     

自体筋膜固定治疗腰椎不稳的生物力学研究

目的:评价以自体筋膜为固定材料治疗实验性腰椎滑脱模型的可靠性。方法:以7具新鲜人体腰椎运动节段标本为对象,按正常、滑脱和筋膜固定组顺序,在MTS测试系统上进行载荷下屈伸试验。获得各组首次载荷循环及每隔250次,共5000次循环的运动范围和初始刚度值。结果:滑脱组活动范围大于正常组和固定组,有显著性差异(P<0.01);首次及第5000次循环载荷,正常组与固定组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。首次循环载荷下,滑脱组屈伸初始刚度均小于正常组和固定组,有显著性差异(P<0.01),正常组与固定组无显著性差异(P>0.05);第5000次循环载荷,正常组屈伸初始刚度与固定组均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:以自身筋膜为固定材料来治疗实验性腰椎滑脱模型,可获得术后即时稳定并能在循环载荷下保持其固定效果。     

腰椎定位正脊手法对腰椎周围肌肉及筋膜代偿能力的影响

目的探讨腰椎定位正脊手法对急性期腰椎间盘突出合并神经根管狭窄症患者腰椎周围肌肉及筋膜代偿能力的影响。方法随机将急性期腰椎间盘突出合并神经根管狭窄症患者80例,分为腰椎定位正脊手法组和常规针灸推拿法组,每组40例。统计分析两组的影像学检查结果及临床疗效。结果腰椎定位正脊手法组改善率与总有效率为92.5%,显著高于常规针灸推拿法组50.0%(P0.05)。结论腰椎定位正脊手法能够提高急性期腰椎间盘突出合并神经根管狭窄症患者的腰椎周围肌肉及筋膜代偿能力。     

量化比较带蒂筋膜瓣促血管化成骨与膜诱导成骨作用及成骨效果的实验研究

目的通过量化指标测定,明确带蒂筋膜瓣包裹自体骨髓基质干细胞（BMSC）接种的非细胞型组织工程骨在修复骨缺损各时间段中的主要作用及成骨效果,为临床干预骨缺损的治疗提供依据。方法制作动物骨缺损模型及带蒂筋膜瓣,随机分为A、B、C三组,A组为单纯植入对照组,B组为无蒂筋膜瓣对照组,C组为带蒂筋膜瓣实验组,在第4、8、12、16周进行骨修复区吸光度比测量、骨形态计量分析、交界区和中心区血管图像计量分析,第8、12、16周同时进行放射性核素骨显像检查、腋动脉注入墨汁检查及生物力学测定分析。结果第4、8周时,C组与A组、B组相比较其骨修复区吸光度比值、新生骨小梁面积、再生血管面积和放射性核素骨显像摄取比值明显增多,生物力学强度增加,各项量化指标差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,表现为早期骨修复过程中血管体积增多对成骨作用是有利的;第12、16周时,三组骨修复区吸光度比测量、新生骨小梁面积和生物力学强度逐渐明显增加,C组仍大于A组、B组,但各组再生血管面积和放射性核素骨显像摄取比值较第8周下降明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,表现为随着时间的推移,成熟骨组织量的增多,血管化作用逐渐减弱,后期膜诱导成骨作用显著。结论带蒂筋膜瓣包裹自体BMSC接种的非细胞型组织工程骨具有构建血管化和膜诱导组织再生双重作用,早期促血管化成骨作用占主导地位,并有助于膜诱导成骨作用,后期膜诱导成骨作用为主,促血管化成骨作用消失,临床适时干预治疗对骨缺损修复有极好作用。     

腰椎定点旋转复位手法联合密集型银质针治疗腰椎后关节紊乱临床观察

目的：探讨腰椎定点旋转复位手法联合密集银质针治疗腰椎后关节紊乱的疗效。方法共选取腰椎后关节紊乱患者86例,随机抽样将观察病例分为腰椎定点旋转复位手法联合密集银质针治疗组43例,采用腰椎定点旋转复位手法联合密集银质针治疗,1次/w;单纯密集银质针对照组43例,采用单纯密集银质针治疗,1次/w,两组均4w为1疗程。并采用JOA下腰痛评分系统进行评分,比较年龄、性别、治疗前评估是否存在差异,确定可比性;治疗前后疗效对比,观察两组治疗效果差异。结果在临床研究中,根据统计学分析报告可得出以下的结果：①两组的均衡性两两比较在性别、年龄、病程、治疗前JOA评分(P>0.05)无统计学差异,两组病例两两比较具有可比性;②两组1个疗程后的疗效及JOA评分两两比较(P<0.05),存在统计学差异,且治疗组均优于对照组。结论腰椎定点旋转复位手法联合密集银质针治疗腰椎后关节紊乱的疗效优于单纯用腰椎定点旋转复位手法治疗,说明此联合疗法能明显改善腰椎后关节紊乱,值得临床推广。     

全髋关节置换术对原发性髋关节骨关节炎患者腰椎骨盆矢状面平衡的影响

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术(THA)对原发性髋关节骨关节炎(HOA)患者腰椎骨盆矢状面平衡的影响。方法 回顾性分析2015年9月—2016年12月徐州医科大学附属医院骨科行单侧HOA的29例患者(HOA组)的临床资料,其中男17例、女12例,年龄40~66(51.6±5.4)岁。采用随机数字表法随机抽取2017年7月—2018年2月徐州医科大学附属医院体检中心常规行腰椎正侧位X线平片检查的45例健康体检者为正常对照组,其中男26例、女19例,年龄42~68(49.2 ± 6.8)岁。术后采用 Harris髋关节评分(HHS)评定髋关节功能。在腰椎正侧位X线片上测量并比较HOA组术前、术后1年和正常对照组的骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、骶骨骨盆角(SPI)、骶骨骨盆后角(SPPA)。结果 HOA组29例患者均顺利完成手术。术后29例获随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均13.6个月。HOA组术前、术后1年PT分别为6.0°±10.6°、6.3°±10.8°,SS分别为38.8°±8.6°、38.4°±7.1°,正常对照组PT为 12.4°±8.4°,SS为31.2°±7.2°。与正常对照组比较,HOA组术前、术后1年PT减小、SS增大,差异均有统计学意义(t_PT=4.092、2.732, t_SS=2.902、4.225, P值均＜0.01);而PI、LL、SPI、SPPA两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。HOA组内比较,术后1年HHS评分(86.5±4.1)分,与术前(32.6±6.5)分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=38.644, P＜0.01);而PI、PT、SS、LL、SPI、SPPA HOA术前与术后1年比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论 排除了下腰痛对HOA矢状面参数的影响,THA在显著改善患者生活质量的同时,不会改变无下腰痛单纯原发性HOA患者腰椎骨盆矢状面平衡,为HOA患者维持矢状面平衡提供一定参考。     

Morphological features of fascia lata in relation to fascia diseases

Fascia lata is an important element of the fascial system, which forms the continuum of connective tissue throughout the body. This deep fascia envelops the entire thigh and hip area and its main function is to transmit mechanical forces generated by the musculoskeletal system of the lower extremities. Fascia lata is also known as a useful and easily harvested graft material. Despite its crucial role in lower extremity biomechanics and wide-ranging applications in plastic and reconstructive surgery, both the structure of fascia lata and particularly the cells populating this tissue are relatively unexplored and therefore poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the main cell populations encountered within human fascia lata and to try to understand their role in health and diseases. Pathologically unchanged human fascia lata was obtained post mortem from adult males. The specimens were analyzed under light, electron, and confocal microscopy. On the basis of different visualization techniques, we were able to characterize in detail the cells populating human fascia lata. The main cells found were fibroblasts, fibrocytes, mast cells, cells showing myoid differentiation, nerve cells, and most interestingly, telocytes. Our results supplement the formerly inadequate information in the literature regarding the cellular components of deep fascial structure, may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of fascial disorders and improve fascia lata application as a graft material.     

Educational avenues for promoting dialog on fascia

If your healthcare professional students have not heard about the importance of fascia they definitely should, and if your residents have not heard about the manifestations of fascia health they definitely will from their patients. While fascia may not be the sexiest of organ systems, it is one of the most influential. Fascia is gaining interest from researchers, physicians, and many subdivisions of manual medicine including massage therapists. The fascial system is now being recognized with roles in pathology, fluid movement, and proprioception. It is also important in skeletal muscle movement, perception of pain, protein regulation and expression, cell signaling, neoplastic growth, and hormone distribution in our body. It can be the reason why we feel chronic pain or why we feel tightness after physical activity. The primary responsibility of fascia is to connect systems so that the body works as a whole, which is what permits this topic to be easily embedded anywhere in our health curricula. Whether you teach students in schools of medical, veterinary, dental, physical therapy, physician assistant studies, or occupational therapy, fascia matters. Whether you teach in an integrated curriculum or a curriculum that is designed for problem‐based learning or a classical discipline‐based curriculum, connective tissue has a place in academia. So, in our cramped curriculum how do we make sure that our current undergraduate and graduate students understand the complexity of fascia without adding additional time to coursework? To answer this question, this article demonstrates how fascia can fit anywhere in the curriculum because it is found everywhere. Clin. Anat. 32:871–876, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A history of fascia

Fascia is a generic anatomical term that refers to a variety of the body's soft fibrous connective tissue parts. An expanding interdisciplinary interest in fascia might be accompanied by changes in how fascia is cognized. This study surveys the anatomical portrayal of fascia through history, with the aim of helping contextualize the ways it is now known. A historiographic review of fascia‐related literature written in the English language was undertaken. The anatomical meaning associated with fascia has varied during the 400 years that this term has been incorporated in English‐language medical literature. Fascia has been diversely portrayed as a range of macroscopically discernable body parts, the tissues they are composed of, and a pervasive soft connective tissue network structure. Over the last four centuries, fascia has been described in many ways. Anatomical understanding of fascia has developed over the years and is likely to continue to change with evolving research technologies. Multidisciplinary advances in fascial knowledge could conceivably contribute to improving individual and societal health care. Clin. Anat. 32:862–870, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The interpectoral fascia flap

Despite the great number of pedicled and free flaps that are available for defect and contour repair, the number of fascia flaps with an axial blood supply are sparse. Such flaps with their gliding function are mandatory, whenever coverage with very thin, well-vascularized tissue is necessary. To the currently established fascia flaps, (the temporoparietal fascia flap, the radial forearm fascia flap, the lateral arm fascia flap, and the serratus anterior fascia flap), we want to add a new fascia flap, the interpectoral fascia flap. We dissected the interpectoral fascia flap from 20 cadavers. In each of the 40 hemichests, the trunk of the thoracoacromial vessels was selectively injected with red polyurethane and the tissue containing the pectoral branches was separated from the overlying pectoralis major muscle and converted into an independent fascia flap. The maximum flap length was 13.5 cm and the maximum breadth was 10.3 cm. The length of the vascular pedicle before entering the flap was 3.9 cm +/- 1.4 cm with a range of 1.5-6.8 cm. Concerning the arc of rotation, all 40 flaps reached the posterior axillary fold, and 29 flaps (73%) reached the mandibular border. This new fascia flap has applications as pedicled and as free flap. The pedicled flap is used in the neck region, in the axillary region and as gliding tissue between the nipple-areola complex and the pectoralis major muscle. The usage of the fascia flap as a free flap has similar characteristics as the other fascia flaps.     

Active contractile properties of fascia

The ubiquitous network of fascial tissues in the human body is usually regarded as a passive contributor to musculoskeletal dynamics. This review aims to highlight the current understanding of fascial stiffness regulation. Notably the ability for active cellular contraction which may augment the stiffness of fascial tissues and thereby contribute to musculoskeletal dynamics. A related narrative literature search via PubMed and Google Scholar reveals a multitude of studies indicating that the intrafascial presence of myofibroblasts may enable these tissues to alter their stiffness. This contractile tissue behavior occurs not only in several pathological fibrotic contractures but has also been documented in normal fasciae. When viewed at time frames of seconds and minutes the force of such tissue contractions is not sufficient for exerting a significant effect on mechanical joint stability. However, when viewed in a time‐window of several minutes and longer, such cellular contractions can impact motoneuronal coordination. In addition, over a time frame of days to months, this cellular activity can induce long‐term and severe tissue contractures. These findings tend to question the common clear distinction between active tissues and passive tissues in musculoskeletal dynamics. Clin. Anat. 32:891–895, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The lacrimal fascia redefined.

It has been commonly accepted that the lacrimal fascia is an intact septum, composed of connective tissue, that separates the orbital cavity into a large compartment, which contains the eyeball, and a small compartment, which contains the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct. the septum, however, is not necessarily always intact. We found a circular or oval opening in the lacrimal fascia in 37 of 52 specimens (71.2%) examined. The opening, which we shall refer to as the lacrimal fascial foramen, was located at variable levels in the lacrimal fossa. The lacrimal fascial foramen was buried in fatty tissue through which passed a branch of either the inferior palpebral artery or the infraorbital artery and a vein of the nasolacrimal duct. The clinical implications of the lacrimal fascial foramen in obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct are discussed.     

Development of the rectal fascia

The development of the fascia recti was investigated by 300-600 microns thick sections through the pelves of 8-35-week-old human fetuses, of newborn children and adults. The pelves were impregnated with an epoxy resin and cut with a diamond wire-saw. We here report that the fascia recti develops as part of the adventitia recti. In 9-week-old fetuses the latter consists of condensed mesenchyme which in 18-20-week-old fetuses develops to a fibrous connective tissue surrounding the rectum. In newborn children adipose tissue starts spreading between the connective tissue lamellae of the adventitia recti and thereby separates them. The most external of these connective tissue lamellae is rather dense and can be regarded as fascia recti. In the adult we found it not always as strongly marked as in newborn children. The close developmental relations between the fascia recti and the tissue of the adventitia recti might be seen as cause for the temporary stop of tumor spread at the fascia recti.