Hh信号通路相关因子Shh、Ptch1、Gli1 mRNA的表达及意义

目的探讨前列腺癌、癌旁前列腺组织以及正常前列腺增生组织中Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路相关因子Shh、Ptch1、Gli1 mRNA的表达及意义。方法选择2017年2月至2019年2月本院收治的42例前列腺癌患者作为研究对象, 设为观察组。所有患者均拟手术治疗, 术中取癌组织与癌旁组织(距离病灶≥3 cm);选择同期手术治疗的39例前列腺增生患者的手术标本, 设为对照组。利用免疫组化和qRT-PCR技术检测前列腺增生、前列腺癌和癌旁组织中Hh信号通路相关因子Shh、Ptch1和Gli1蛋白及mRNA的表达情况, 分析比较Hh信号通路在前列腺增生、前列腺癌和癌旁组织中表达的差异及其机制。结果观察组的癌旁组织与对照组的Shh、Ptch1和Gli1蛋白阳性率比较, 差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组的癌组织中Shh、Ptch1和Gli1蛋白阳性率均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组的癌旁组织与对照组的Shh、Ptch1和Gli1 mRNA表达水平比较, 差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组的癌组织中Shh、Ptch1和Gli1 mRNA表达水平均高于观...     

Hedgehog信号通路中的Shh和Ptch蛋白在前列腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 检测hedgehog (Hh)信号通路中的Shh和Ptch蛋白在前列腺癌(PCa)中的表达,分析其与病理特征的关系,探讨两者在PCa发生、发展中的作用.方法 采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测100例PCa标本及癌旁正常组织中Shh及Ptch的表达.结果(1) Shh和Ptch在PCa中较癌旁正常组织呈高表达,且两者呈正相关;(2) PCa组织中Shh、Ptch的表达程度与病理分级(Gleason分级)之间有显著相关性(P＜0.05); (3) PCa组织中Shh与Ptch表达程度与患者术前PSA无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论PCa中Shh和Ptch的高表达激活了Hh信号通路,且Shh和Ptch表达程度与病理分级相关,与PCa的发生发展密切相关,且为协同作用,Shh、Ptch有可能成为PCa诊断及治疗的理想分子靶点.     

Hedgehog信号通路蛋白Ptch1和Gli1在胆管癌组织中的表达及意义

目的分析hedgehog(Hh)信号通路中Ptch1和Gli1蛋白在胆管癌组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测62例胆管癌组织及其癌旁组织中Ptch1及Gli1蛋白的表达情况,并分析其在胆管癌组织中的表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、分化程度、肿瘤部位、淋巴结转移状况、TNM分期、手术方式及患者术后生存时间的相关性。结果 Ptch1和Gli1蛋白在胆管癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为74.2%(46/62)和88.7%(55/62),高于其在癌旁组织中的表达阳性率〔14.5%(9/62)和9.7%(6/62)〕,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。胆管癌组织中Ptch1和Gli1蛋白的表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小及肿瘤部位均无相关性(P0.05),而与手术方式、分化程度、淋巴结转移状况、TNM分期及患者术后生存时间具有相关性(P0.05)。结论 Ptch1和Gli1作为Hh信号通路蛋白在胆管癌组织中呈高表达状态,参与了胆管癌的发生及发展,可能是胆管癌检测与治疗的理想靶标。     

结肠癌组织中Shh和Gli1基因的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Shh和Gli1基因在结肠癌组织中的表达及意义。方法应用RT-PCR方法和免疫组织化学对38例结肠癌手术切除的标本进行Shh和Gli1基因表达检测,评估Shh和Gli1基因表达与结肠癌临床病理的关系。结果癌组织的Shh和Gli1基因呈高表达,与癌旁组织比较,两者有显著性差异;Shh和Gli1基因表达强度与癌的分期密切相关,早期结肠癌的表达强度明显高于进展期癌。结论 Shh信号通路异常的活性状态有可能参与结肠癌的发生过程。Shh和Gli1基因检测对评估结肠癌的分期和预后具有重要意义。     

甲状腺乳头状癌组织中Shh和Gli1的表达及其临床意义研究

目的 通过检测Sonic Hedgehog信号通路关键分子Shh和Gil1在甲状腺乳头状癌表达的情况,探讨其与甲状腺乳头状癌临床病理特征的关系及临床意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测142例甲状腺乳头状癌患者癌组织及其癌旁组织病理蜡块标本中Shh和Gli1的表达情况,分析其与临床病理特征的关系.结果 Shh主要表达于...     

Hedgehog信号通路在人肝癌细胞株中的表达及意义

目的 探讨Hedgehog信号通路在人肝细胞癌细胞系中的表达及意义。 方法 采用半定量 RT-PCR 法检测PLC/PRF/5、HepG2及 SMMC-7721肝癌细胞株中Shh、Ptch1、Smo、Gli1、Gli2 mRNA 的表达;Western blot法检测PLC/PRF/5、HepG2及 SMMC-7721肝癌细胞株中Gli2蛋白的表达。 结果 除Shh外, Ptch1、Smo、Gli1、Gli2 mRNA在PLC/PRF/5、HepG2及 SMMC-7721细胞中均有不同程度表达。其中,Ptch1、Smo、Gli1、Gli2 mRNA在PLC/PRF/5及SMMC-7721细胞中的表达强度显著高于成人正常肝细胞,而Gli1 mRNA在HepG2细胞中的表达量与正常肝细胞无明显差异;Gli2蛋白在成人正常肝细胞中几乎没有表达,在HepG2细胞中的表达也与正常肝细胞无明显差别,而在PLC/PRF/5及 SMMC-7721细胞中,尤其是SMMC-7721细胞,Gli2的表达量异常增高。 结论 Hedgehog 信号通路的异常激活参与了肝细胞癌的发生发展过程,Gli2可能成为肝细胞癌重要生物学标志和生物治疗靶点。     

Shh和Ptch在胆囊癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的 研究表明,Shh和Ptch是Hh传导通路的核心,消化系肿瘤中Hh通路的高度激活状态与消化系肿瘤的发生相关.本研究检测人胆囊腺癌标本中Shh和Ptch的表达,并探讨其意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法对41例胆囊癌、21例胆囊腺瘤和20例正常胆囊组织中Shh和Ptch基因蛋白进行检测.结果 41例胆囊癌组织标本中Shh的阳性表达率为75.6%(31/41),Ptch的阳性表达率为78.0%(32/41).Shh和Ptch染色主要位于胆囊癌细胞的胞质和胞膜.20例正常胆囊组织中,Shh的阳性表达率为5%(1/20),Ptch的阳性表达率为10%(2/20).21例胆囊腺瘤组织中Shh的阳性表达率为4.7%(1/21),Ptch的阳性表达率为9.6%(2/21),各组间Shh和Ptch阳性表达率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.001),而在不同性别、不同年龄组(年龄≥60岁及＜60岁)、不同病理组织学分级、Nevin不同分期、组织学不同分化程度、有无淋巴结或远处转移、有无伴发胆囊结石组间的Shh和Ptch阳性表达率表达差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).胆囊癌组织中Shh阳性表达率为75.6%与Ptch阳性表达率为78.0%之间存在显著正相关(r=0.72,P＜0.01).结论 原发性胆囊癌的发生可能与Hedgehog-Gli信号通路的异常活动密切相关.     

Hedgehog信号通路在脑胶质瘤的表达及其预后意义

目的 观测Hedgehog信号通路在脑胶质瘤的表达,探讨其表达在脑胶质瘤的预后意义.方法 选取118例原发性脑胶质瘤患者的手术切除标本,运用免疫组织化学方法检测Sonic hedgehog(Shh)、受体Patched(Ptch)及下游转录因子Gli1的表达,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Cox比例风险回归模型评价脑胶质瘤患者的预后.结果 免疫染色结果显示Shh、Ptch和Gli1的阳性表达率随胶质瘤病理等级升高呈增强趋势(P＜0.01);随KPS评分的下降而成增强趋势(P＜0.01).生存分析表明,阳性表达Shh、Ptch和Gli1的胶质瘤患者总体存活率低于三者不表达的患者(P＜0.01).多因素Cox分析显示KPS(P＜0.05)、WHO grade(P＜0.01)、Shh(P＜0.05)、Ptch (P＜0.05)和Gli1(P＜0.05)是影响脑胶质瘤预后的独立因素.结论 脑胶质瘤的Shh-Ptch1-Gli1 信号通路处于激活状态,与脑胶质瘤的临床病理特征及预后参数密切相关,提示Hedgehog信号通路的活化在脑胶质瘤的恶性潜能和患者的生存时间起重要的预示作用.     

肝细胞肝癌中Hedgehog信号通路效应蛋白的功能分析

目的 探讨Gli1、Gli3蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 免疫组化法检测36例肝细胞癌组织及其癌旁肝组织中Gli1、Gli3蛋白的表达,并与临床因素进行相关性分析.结果 在肝细胞癌组织及癌旁肝组织中Gli1的阳性表达率分别为75％和36.1％,Gli3的阳性表达率分别为58.3％和30.6％.Gli1和Gli3在肝细胞癌组织中的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁肝组织(P＜0.05).Gli1和Gli3两种蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.423,P＜0.05).Gli3的表达与临床指标(年龄、肿瘤大小、分化和淋巴结转移)无关.Gli1的表达与年龄、肿瘤大小无关,但与肿瘤分化程度和淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.05).结论 Gli1、Gli3蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中有较高的阳性表达率且具有相关性,且Gli1的表达率与肿瘤分化程度和淋巴结转移相关.检测Gli1、Gli3蛋白表达有助于肝细胞癌的诊断,可能作为判断肝细胞癌恶性程度及预后的指标.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.