胰岛素泵和常规胰岛素治疗初诊2型糖尿病对比研究

目的:观察胰岛素泵治疗与常规胰岛素治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者的疗效.方法:80例初诊2型糖尿病患者随机分为2组,分别应用胰岛素泵治疗(CSⅡ组)和常规胰岛素治疗(MSⅡ组),分别检测两组患者治疗后的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐前血糖(PBG)、胰岛素、C肽水平和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c).结果:CSⅡ组患者治疗后的FBG、PBG和HbA1c明显低于MSⅡ组(P＜0.05),CSⅡ患者治疗后的血胰岛素和C肽水平明显高于MSⅡ组(P＜0.01).结论:胰岛素泵治疗初诊2型糖尿病效果较好.     

2型糖尿病患者术后胰岛素治疗方案的比较研究

目的:比较2型糖尿病患者术后3种胰岛素治疗方案的有效性、安全性和患者耐受性.方法:选择接受外科手术且术后禁食或进食不规律的2型糖尿病患者,分设胰岛素泵(CSⅡ)组、长效胰岛素(来得时)组和持续静脉输注胰岛素(CVⅡ)组,观察用药前后空腹血糖(FBG)和餐后血糖(PBG)的变化、血糖控制水平及低血糖发生率.结果:CSⅡ组和来得时组治疗后3、5、7及10天的FBG和PBG水平均较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.01),CVⅡ组治疗后3、5、7及10天的FBG水平较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.01),但仅治疗后第7天的PBG水平较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.05),其他时间点PBG水平均较治疗前无差别;治疗10天时,CSⅡ组FBG控制尚可,PBG控制良好,来得时组FBG和PBG控制均尚可,CVⅡ组均差;患者依从性:CSⅡ组较好,来得时组好,CVⅡ组较差;CSⅡ组无低血糖发生,来得时组和CVⅡ组分别发生1次和4次低血糖事件.结论:2型糖尿病患者术后禁食或进食不规律阶段,采用胰岛素泵和来得时均能有效控制血糖,且不易出现低血糖;使用静脉输注胰岛素治疗,血糖波动较大且患者依从性差;来得时是一种有效、安全且患者易接受的用于2型糖尿病患者术后治疗的药物.     

国产那格列奈对2型糖尿病血糖、血脂及胰岛素分泌的影响

目的:探讨国产那格列奈对2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂及胰岛素分泌的影响。方法:对按1999年WHO诊断标准诊断为2型糖尿病患者23例,给予国产那格列奈270mg/d,分三餐前15min口服,疗程为12周,治疗前后测空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(PBG)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)以及空腹及餐后0.5、1、2h血浆胰岛素(INS)。结果:治疗12周后FBG降低(1.17±1.67)mmol/L(P<0.001),PBG降低(3.76±2.70)mmol/L(P<0.001);TC降低(0.16±0.79)mmol/L(P>0.05),TG降低(0.81±2.32)mmol/L(P>0.05);胰岛素分泌高峰提前至餐后0.5～1h,空腹INS水平无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:国产那格列奈能增加2型糖尿病患者胰腺β细胞早期相胰岛素的分泌,有效改善FBG及PBG,但对TC及TG无明显影响。     

胰岛素泵在2型糖尿病人围手术期应用的临床探讨

目的 观察胰岛素泵(即持续皮下胰岛素输注,Cs Ⅱ)在2型糖尿病人围手术期血糖控制效果.方法 26例住院需手术的2型糖尿病进行两种胰岛素强化治疗.A组采用CSII 6例,B组采用多次皮下胰岛素注射治疗(MS Ⅱ)20例,两组血糖靶值均为空腹血糖4.4～8mmol/L,餐后2h血糖4.4～10mmol/L,并至少2d.结果 两种治疗均可达到相同的血靶糖值,CS Ⅱ较MS Ⅱ在更短时间内达血靶糖值(P<0.01),缩短病人住院日,CS Ⅱ胰岛素用量少于MS Ⅱ组(p<0.05).结论 2型糖尿病人围手术期应用CS Ⅱ时更有利于血糖的控制,缩短病人住院时间,减轻病人的负担.     

初诊2型糖尿病患者短期胰岛素泵强化治疗后血清γ谷氨酰转移酶水平的变化

目的:观察初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者短期胰岛素泵强化治疗后血清γ谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)的变化,并探讨其变化与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法:32例初诊T2DM患者接受胰岛素泵强化治疗2周,分别于治疗前、后行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)及胰岛素释放试验,并检测血脂、血清GGT等相关代谢指标。结果:①初诊T2DM患者经胰岛素泵强化治疗2周后空腹血糖由(11.60±2.89)mmol/L下降至(6.82±1.01)mmol/L,餐后2h血糖由(22.52±4.57)mmol/L下降至(13.81±3.10)mmol/L,稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)由2.20(1.45～3.07)降低至1.37(0.89～1.90),胰岛素β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)由12.08(6.47～16.30)上升至29.37(17.82～44.27),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②血清GGT水平由24.00(18.00～35.00)U/L下降至18.00(16.00～27.00)U/L,差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。③Pearson相关分析显示,T2DM患者血清GGT水平与HOMA-IR呈正相关(r=0.418,P<0.05)。同时,胰岛素泵治疗后血清GGT降低的水平(ΔGGT)与胰岛素抵抗指数的降低程度(△HOMA-IR)呈正相关(r=0.433,P<0.05)。④多元逐步回归分析显示,△HOMA-IR是影响ΔGGT的独立相关因素。结论:初诊T2DM患者经短期胰岛素泵强化治疗后血清GGT水平降低,血清GGT在胰岛素抵抗的发生、发展中可能具有重要作用。     

短期应用胰岛素泵输注人胰岛素类似物对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能影响的观察

目的观察短期应用胰岛素泵输注人胰岛素类似物对伴明显高血糖的初诊2型糖尿病患者的降糖效果和胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法采用自身前、后对照,对19例空腹血糖>11.1mmol/L的初诊2型糖尿病患者进行2周的CSⅡ强化治疗,分析比较治疗前、后FBG、2hBG、HbA1c、胰岛β细胞功能Homaβ及胰岛素抵抗指数Homa IR的变化。结果治疗2周后,19例患者的空腹和餐后2h血糖分别于治疗后(4.3±2.6)d、(3.9±2.3)d达到良好控制;FBG和2hBG水平均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.001);HbA1c、Homa IR较治疗前下降(P<0.05),Homaβ较治疗前显著增高(P<0.005)。结论对伴明显高血糖的初诊2型糖尿病患者,短期应用胰岛素泵持续皮下输注人胰岛素类似物具有快速控制血糖、减轻胰岛素抵抗,从而明显改善胰岛细胞功能的作用。     

甘精胰岛素和门冬胰岛素30对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢影响的比较

目的比较甘精胰岛素和门冬胰岛素30对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢的影响。方法选取2015年3月至2015年9月于泰州市人民医院就诊的2型糖尿病患者88例。依据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各44例。对照组患者给予甘精胰岛素0.2 U/kg睡前1次皮下注射进行治疗,观察组给予0.2 U/kg门冬胰岛素30晚餐前1次皮下注射进行治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后血糖[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_(1c))]、血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]水平的变化。结果治疗后,两组患者FPG、2 h PBG、HbA_(1c)均显著低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后观察组和对照组患者FPG[(6.53±0.87)mmol/L比(6.73±0.91)mmol/L]、2 h PBG[(8.34±2.11)mmol/L比(8.51±1.32)mmol/L]、HbA_(1c)[(6.52±0.69)mmol/L比(6.71±0.72)mmol/L]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者TC、TG和LDL-C均显著低于治疗前(P<0.01)。治疗后,观察组和对照组患者在TC[(4.33±0.79)mmol/L比(4.38±0.88)mmol/L]、TG[(1.34±0.37)比(1.38±0.33)mmol/L]、LDL-C[(2.55±0.54)mmol/L比(2.53±0.57)mmol/L]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论甘精胰岛素和门冬胰岛素30均能有效降低2型糖尿病患者血糖以及血脂水平,值得临床推广。     

基质细胞趋化因子-1α与2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗相关性研究

目的 探讨初诊2型糖尿病患者血清中基质细胞趋化因子(SDF-1α)的水平,以及与超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗等的相关性.方法 选取健康对照组31例,初诊2型糖尿病(DM)患者60例.ELISA法检测血清SDF-1α水平.同时测定hsCRP、空腹血浆胰岛素(FINS)、血糖(FBG)、甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)等.计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOME-IR).结果 ①初诊2型糖尿病组血清中SDF-1α明显高于正常组(P<0.01).②血清SDF-1α与hsCRP、FBG、FINS、HbA1C、HOME-IR正相关.③糖尿病组hsCRP与HbA1C、HOME-IR和TG成正相关性.结论 初诊2型糖尿病患者血清SDF-1α水平升高,与hsCRP、FBG、FINS、HbA1C、HOME-IR正相关,SDF-1α可能参与2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗的炎症和免疫反应过程.     

短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能的影响

目的 观察短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能及相关代谢指标的影响.方法 对29例初诊T2DM患者进行为期约2周[平均(12.7±2.7)d]的胰岛素强化治疗(持续皮下胰岛素输注或多次皮下胰岛素注射).比较治疗前后8:00、 16:00、24:00患者的血浆皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平及24 h尿总皮质醇(UTC)水平,血糖[空腹血糖(FPG)、糖负荷后2 h血糖(2 hPG)]、血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,计算胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-β)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和糖负荷后早相胰岛β细胞分泌指数(△I30′/△G30′).结果 经短期胰岛素强化治疗后,患者8:00、16:00、24:00血浆皮质醇水平[分别为(508±188)nmol/L、(170±96)nmol/L、(40±29)nmol/L]及24 h UTC[(956±410)nmol/24 h]与治疗前[分别为(609±260)nmol/L、(291±167)nmol/L、(94±98)nmol/L和(1 488±727)nmol/24 h]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但各时点血浆ACTH水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后患者FPG、2 hPG、TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP水平及HOMA-IR[分别为(7.1±1.2)mmol/L、(18.9±2.9)mmol/L、(3.9±0.9)mmol/L、(1.3±0.6)mmol/L、(2.2±0.7)mmol/L、(1.0±1.1)mg/L、(1.8±1.3)]较治疗前[分别为(12.9±3.0)mmol/L、(27.0±5.2)mmol/L、(4.9±1.3)mmol/L、(3.2±3.7)mmol/L、(2.9±1.0)mmol/L、(2.6±2.8)mg/L和(3.7±3.5)]降低,而HDL-C水平及HOMA-β、△I30′/△G30′[分别为(1.16±0.30)mmol/L、(38±27)和(2.3±2.4)]较治疗前[分别为(1.04±0.29)mmol/L、(17±16)和(1.0±1.1)]增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 短期胰岛素强化治疗能明显改善初诊T2DM患者的糖脂代谢和胰岛分泌功能,缓解胰岛素抵抗,有效降低血、尿皮质醇水平,促进HPA轴功能恢复.     

连续胰岛素皮下输注纠正2型糖尿病高血糖状态的疗效观察

目的 观察并分析采用连续皮下胰岛素输注方法(胰岛素泵的强化治疗)治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)高血糖状态的疗效以及剂量.方法 67例血糖控制差的住院T2DM患者,给予胰岛素泵强化治疗,不合用其他口服降糖药,观察达到满意血糖控制(FBG＜7 mmol/L,2 h BG＜10 mmol/L)的天数以及胰岛素泵的总量和基础量,并分析与上述指标相关的因素.结果 血糖达满意控制的平均天数为(6.45±3.47)天,胰岛素的日最大剂量为(62.99±18.58)U/kg或(1.09±0.34)U/kg,基础量为(28.11±8.35)U/kg或(0.49±0.15)U/kg.发生低血糖症(0.15±0.56)次/人.结论 经过胰岛素泵的强化治疗,T2DM的高血糖状态可在6～7天得以纠正.经相关分析,影响达目标血糖时间的因素为糖化血红蛋白HbA1c,影响胰岛素用量的因素为体重和HbA1c.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.