钛镍记忆合金网状支架治疗食管贲门狭窄

作者使用形状记忆合金支架治疗９５例食管恶性狭窄,３５例吻合口瘢痕狭窄。所有病例均失去手术机会,使用扩张、化疗、放疗、激光等治疗也无效。治疗后,吞咽困难从３．７１±０．４５（３～４级）降到１．０８±０．５９（０～２级）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。并发症发生４９例（３１．５％）,其中胸痛３６例,出血５例,肿瘤过度生长４例,支架移位２例,食物堵塞２例。通过近三年的临床应用和疗效观察,作者认为,食管贲门狭窄放置钛镍记忆合金支架是一种有效、安全、简单方法。     

镍钛记忆合金网状支架在输尿管狭窄中的应用

1994年 11月～ 1998年 12月 ,采用镍钛记忆合金网状支架治疗输尿管狭窄10例 ,疗效满意 ,报告如下。资料与方法　本组 10例。男 8例 ,女 2例。年龄 2 5～ 5 5岁 ,平均 45岁。 5例为直肠癌术后复发所致双输尿管下段梗阻 ,双肾积水 ,均有轻重不等的肾功能不全 ;1例输尿管中段结石 ;2例肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄 ,第 1次术后出现再狭窄 ,再次手术输尿管长度受限 ;1例神经源性膀胱尿失禁 ,行回肠代膀胱术后 4年。血Ｃｒ 30 0～ 40 0ｍｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,大剂量ＩＶＵ均示双肾输尿管积水 ,输尿管回肠吻合口狭窄。 1例移植肾 3年尿量进行性减少 ,手术探查及造…     

镍钛记忆合金网状支架治疗前列腺增生的观察

我院从 1 996年 5月～ 1 998年 5月对 2 8例前列腺增生患者采用镍钛记忆合金网状支架置入治疗 ,取得一定的效果 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1 　 临床资料本组 2 8例 ,年龄 70～ 88岁 ,平均 ( 80 .0± 3.7)岁。均有尿潴留病史。辅助检查排除膀胱、尿道及前列腺其他疾病。伴有严重高血压、心脏病者 2 3例 ,肺气肿 5例 ,脑梗塞或脑出血 4例 ,糖尿病 6例 ,肾功能不全 2例。1 .2 　 治疗方法网状支架由北京高忆公司提供。前列腺尿道长度采用尿道镜直视下测定 ,支架置入亦在尿道镜直视下进行。 1 0例配合膀胱造口。术后 1 0例患者继续给予保列…     

记忆合金网状支架治疗输尿管狭窄

为探索治疗输尿管狭窄的新方法，使用记忆合金网状支架治疗输尿管狭窄５例，近期效果良好。为治疗输尿管狭窄的一种安全，有效的方法。     

带膜网状食管支架治疗食管狭窄43例临床应用体会

1 资料和方法 1.1 临床资料 本组43例,年龄42～70岁,平均53.2岁。其中食管癌36例,食管胃吻合口狭窄6例,贲门失弛缓症手术治疗失败1例。全部病例置人食管支架前均出现明显梗阻症状,有8例滴水未进8～16天。43例置入带膜网状食管支架均获成功,进食恢复通畅,观察时     

镍钛记忆合金支架治疗气管狭窄的麻醉处理

镍钛记忆合金支架治疗气管狭窄的麻醉处理贾天军＊宋运琴＊镍钛记忆合金支架（简称ＮＴ－支架）是治疗气管狭窄的一种新手段［１］。我科自１９９１年３月至今对ＮＴ－支架治疗６例气管狭窄患者手术施行了麻醉。术中经过顺利，取得了较好的效果。现报告如下。资料与方法成...     

记忆合金网状支架治疗BPH

我院1994年10月～1997年10月,使用国产镍钛记忆合金网状支架治疗高危、高龄前列腺增生症(BPH)98例,其中79例获得2年以上的长期随访,报告如下.     

镍钛记忆合金气管腔内支架的实验研究

报告采用记忆合金支架治疗气管软化的实验研究，７条犬造成气管软化模型后，将支架置入软化部位。气道阻力测定结果表明，该支架能有效地克服气道软化，观察２～６个月，支架全部发生移位。向近端移位的３条犬，最终全部出现肉芽组织增生，阻塞管腔，向远端移位的４条犬中有３条出现理想的结果，即正常气管上皮爬过重建光滑的气管腔，支架的合金丝逐渐被纤维包膜所包绕，作者认为：对于临床上没有理想治疗方法的远端气管软化，该方法     

镍钛记忆合金支架治疗复杂性尿道狭窄10例报告

尿道狭窄及闭塞治疗较为困难。我们在实验研究取得满意效果的基础上,自1991年8月开始,采用镍钛记忆合金螺旋管状支架治疗10例复杂性尿道狭窄(其中2例尿道闭锁),现报告如下。1 资料与方法1．1 临床资料本组10例均为男性:年龄20~58岁,平均27岁。     

伸展型食管支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄

报告两种伸展型支架治疗食管、贲门良恶性狭窄１２２例次结果。其中包括食管、贲门术后吻合口狭窄、晚期食管癌贲门癌、食管癌放疗后狭窄、食管化学烧伤后狭窄、食管癌性食管气管瘘和贲门失弛症者，效果良好。置管术可在内镜、Ｘ线下或剖胸探查术中进行，能有效地解除梗阻，提高病人生活质量。结论：伸展型支架较传统置管术操作简单，疗效肯定，并发症少，是食管外科的有效方法之一。     

Tracheal Stenosis Treated With Self-Expanding Nitinol Stent

A self-expanding nitinol stent was used in 2 patients with inoperable tracheal stenosis due to invasive malignant tumor of the trachea. One was a 70-year-old man with recurrent tumor from adenocarcinoma of the left lung, and the other was a 63-year-old man with recurrent tumor in mediastinal lymph nodes from esophageal cancer. The self-expanding nitinol stent is very useful and effective in inoperable tracheal stenosis due to intraluminal tumor invasion.     

Surgical Treatment of an Aortoesophageal Fistula Caused by Stent Implantation for Esophageal Stenosis: Report of a Case

An aortoesophageal fistula is uncommon, but almost always fatal. We report a case of an aortoesophageal fistula that developed after stent dilation for an esophageal stricture caused by benign esophagitis. As soon as esophageal hemorrhaging was identified by endoscopy, the patient was transferred to the operating theater; however, the uncontrollable and massive bleeding resulted in pulseless shock. The digestive surgeon put side-clamps on the descending aorta and esophagus and transferred the patient to our hospital. We identified an aortoesophageal fistula, 3.0 mm in diameter, in the descending aorta, and performed a graft replacement of the descending aorta and esophagectomy. It was immediately evident that the edge of the stent had been sticking into the aortic wall, which had caused the fistula. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful surgical treatment of an aortoesophageal fistula caused by esophageal stent dilatation.     

Esophageal stenosis in epidermolysis bullosum: a challenge for the endoscopist

Background/Purpose

Esophageal stenosis is a severe complication in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Endoscopic dilations may cause mucosal injury with stricture recurrence. Our aim was to describe our referral EB-center experience on safety and long-term efficacy of fluoroscopically guided balloon dilation without endoscopy.

Methods

Over 14 years, 34 patients with EB, previously evaluated with barium esophagogram for dysphagia, underwent balloon esophageal dilation. Under fluoroscopy, a guide wire was introduced via a nostril into the stomach. A 12-mm pneumatic balloon, which passed over the wire, was filled using radio-opaque contrast, dilating the stricture. Orotracheal intubation was avoided. Antibiotics, dexamethasone, and proton-pump inhibitors were administered. Study approval was obtained from our ethical board.

Results

Ninety-three dilations were performed. Seventeen patients had a single stenosis. The mean age of onset was 18 years (range, 3-47 years). Thirteen patients underwent one dilation. In 6 cases, endoscopy was necessary to visualize the esophageal lumen. Complications included cervical esophageal perforation (2) and transitory dysphagia (10). Thirty patients were feeding within 24 hours. During the follow-up, 2 patients required a gastrostomy, and 2 patients underwent fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Conclusions

Fluoroscopically guided balloon dilation in EB is a safe and well-tolerated procedure. An experienced endoscopy team is necessary in certain cases.     

Effect of Slip Time in Forming Neo‐Esophageal Stenosis After Replacement of a Thoracic Esophagus With Nitinol Artificial Esophagus

Attempts have been made to investigate the effect of slip time of nitinol artificial esophagus for forming neo‐esophageal stenosis after replacement of a thoracic esophagus with nitinol artificial esophagus in 20 experimental pigs. The pigs whose slip time was less than 90 days postoperatively had severe dysphagia (Bown's III) immediately after they were fed, and the dysphagia aggravated gradually later on (Bown's III–IV). The pigs whose slip time was more than 90 days postoperatively had mild/moderate dysphagia (Bown's I–II) immediately after they were fed, and the dysphagia relieved gradually later on (Bown's II‐I‐0). The ratios between the diameter of neo‐esophagus in different slip time and normal esophagus were 25% (at 2 months postoperatively), 58% (at 4 months postoperatively), and 93% (at 6 months postoperatively), respectively. The relationship between nitinol artificial esophagus slip time and neo‐esophageal stenosis showed a positive correlation. After replacement of a thoracic esophagus with nitinol artificial esophagus, the artificial esophageal slip time not only affected the original diameter of the neo‐esophagus immediately, but also affected the neo‐esophageal scar stricture forming process later on. The narrowing of neo‐esophagus is caused by overgrowth of scar tissue. But there is the positive correlation between artificial esophagus slip time and neo‐esophageal stenosis, so this can be a way of overcoming neo‐esophageal stenosis by delaying slip time of artificial esophagus.     

Esophageal stenosis due to cartilaginous tracheobronchial remnants

In cases of congenital esophageal stenosis, tracheobronchial remnants in the distal esophagus should be considered a possible diagnosis. The cause is thought to be esophageal sequestration of a tracheobronchial anlage before embryologic separation. Primary resection of the stenotic portion of the esophagus with re-anastomosis is recommended. Such a case is reported.     

电化学治疗晚期食管癌梗阻和术后吻合口狭窄

１９９１年３月到１９９２年４月应用电化学疗法（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏ－ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｔｈｅｒａｐｙ，ＥＣＴ）治疗有明显梗阻的食管癌病人２４８例和食管癌切除后吻合口狭窄病人３６例。全组病例均经食管钡餐造影、食管镜检查和部分ＣＴ扫描确诊。应用ＥＣＴ疗法是消除梗阻，使病人能进食，有效地改善营养状态，然后再根据具体需要辅以其它综合治疗，达到提高疗效的目的。２４８例食管癌梗阻的有效率为６７．７％（１６８／２４８），３６例吻合口狭窄的有效率为８８．９％（３２／３６），两组平均有效率为７０．４％（２００／２８４）。     

Nitinol stent for the treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential utility of implantation of a nickel-titanium alloy (nitinol) stent for the treatment of malignant or benign tracheobronchial stenosis. METHODS: We evaluated 18 patients (14 men and 4 women) who received 24 nitinol stents, between November 1997 and May 2000. All 18 patients had severe dyspnea caused by tracheobronchial stenosis. The underlying condition was malignant disease in 15 patients, and benign tracheal collapse in the other 3 patients. RESULTS: Implantation of the stent was successfully performed in all patients. Seventeen patients experienced immediate clinical improvement in respiratory symptoms. The remaining 1 patient with a bronchial fistule after lobectomy did not benefit, and died of pneumonia at 16 days after the implantation. In 15 patients, the procedure was performed using a flexible bronchoscope under local anesthesia alone, while the remaining 3 patients needed intravenous sedation. There was no complication resulting from the stent implantation. Among the 3 patients with benign tracheal collapse, 2 patients were alive at 746 and at 401 days after the stent implantation, at the time of this report. One patient with cicatricial stenosis after intubation died of heart failure due to previous myocardial infarction. Among the 15 patients with malignant disease, 4 patients have survived for 177 to 305 days to date, while the other 11 patients have died of primary malignancy with a mean survival duration of 60.2 days. CONCLUSION: The nitinol stent was effective in treating malignant or benign tracheobronchial stenosis, and had some remarkable advantages compared with other tracheobronchial stents. In stenting, most procedures can be performed using flexible bronchoscope under local anesthesia.