妇女乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识、态度、行为的相关性研究

[目的]了解上海市妇女乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识、态度和行为现状以及三者的关系。[方法]采用乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识问卷、乳腺自我检查态度问卷和早期筛查行为调查问卷对上海市739名妇女进行调查。[结果]妇女对于乳腺癌的临床表现和早期筛查方法的知晓率较高,但对于乳腺癌的高危因素不了解;对自我检查的态度评分为3.13分±0.50分,态度较积极;有70.1%的人曾做过乳腺自我检查,但每月做1次的只有3.9%,分别有51.2%和6.5%的人曾做过乳腺临床检查和乳腺X线摄片,但只有11.0%和5.5%的人是1年做1次。乳腺癌及其早期筛查的知识与乳腺自我检查的态度及早期筛查的3种行为之间呈正相关（r分别为0.262、0.072、0.090、0.120）,对于乳腺自我检查的态度也与早期筛查的3种行为呈正相关（r分别为0.272、0.169、0.188）。[结论]护理人员要重视提高妇女对于乳腺癌的认知,帮助她们树立积极的态度,从而改善早期筛查率低的现状。     

妇女乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识、态度、行为的相关性研究

[目的]了解上海市妇女乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识、态度和行为现状以及三者的关系。[方法]采用乳腺癌及其早期筛查知识问卷、乳腺自我检查态度问卷和早期筛查行为调查问卷对上海市739名妇女进行调查。[结果]妇女对于乳腺癌的临床表现和早期筛查方法的知晓率较高,但对于乳腺癌的高危因素不了解;对自我检查的态度评分为3.13分±0.50分,态度较积极;有70.1%的人曾做过乳腺自我检查,但每月做1次的只有3.9%,分别有51.2%和6.5%的人曾做过乳腺临床检查和乳腺X线摄片,但只有11.0%和5.5%的人是1年做1次。乳腺癌及其早期筛查的知识与乳腺自我检查的态度及早期筛查的3种行为之间呈正相关(r分别为0.262、0.072、0.090、0.120),对于乳腺自我检查的态度也与早期筛查的3种行为呈正相关(r分别为0.272、0.169、0.188)。[结论]护理人员要重视提高妇女对于乳腺癌的认知,帮助她们树立积极的态度,从而改善早期筛查率低的现状。     

豫东农村地区妇女宫颈癌筛查及知信行现状

[目的]了解豫东农村地区妇女宫颈癌筛查情况及相关知识、态度、行为,为制定宫颈癌防治及干预措施提供依据。[方法]采用整群抽样的方法,抽取豫东地区农村户口1 926名妇女为研究对象,采用"子宫颈癌早诊早治项目"调查问卷进行入户调查。[结果]不同文化程度、经济收入的妇女对宫颈癌的认知差异有统计学意义;没有参加过筛查的豫东农村妇女对"早发现、早诊断、早治疗可以根治1/3的癌症"知晓率最低,为23.6%;参加过筛查的妇女对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测和液基细胞学检测(TCT)、HPV感染及癌症早期警示症状等发病危险因素的认知情况高于未参加筛查的妇女。[结论]豫东农村地区妇女的宫颈癌筛查率偏低,应根据农村妇女的特点开展多途径的宫颈癌防治宣传教育,尤其针对未参加过宫颈癌筛查的妇女,应提高其主动参加筛查的自觉性。     

农村更年期妇女认知缺陷分析及干预对策

[目的]了解农村妇女对更年期的认知状况,从而及时开展农村更年期妇女的健康教育.[方法]使用自制的调查问卷,对浙江省5个地区250名更年期妇女进行调查.[结果]农村妇女中对更年期知识了解的仅占22.4%,不了解的占了54.0%,出现更年期症状时去治疗的妇女仅占27.6%.[结论]农村妇女普遍缺乏更年期相关知识,医疗保健系统应加强对农村更年期妇女的健康教育,提供与文化背景、经济相一致的,更年期妇女能够接受的方案.     

农村妇女对预防乳腺癌知识的关注度调查分析

目的通过对大石街农村妇女乳腺癌患病率调查,开展社区早期干预措施,提高妇女对预防乳腺癌的关注,降低乳腺癌的发病风险。方法采用整群抽样法,调查大石街1428例农村妇女为对象,采用《乳腺癌个案筛查登记表》进行问卷调查,并给予乳腺筛查早期健康干预,分析农村妇女对预防乳腺癌的知识的关注度情况。结果 1420例农村妇女对预防乳腺癌知识关注410人(28.87%),不太关注755人(53.17%),没有关注255人(17.96%)。知道乳腺癌风险615人(43.30%),不知道805人(56.69%)。结论对农村妇女乳腺癌患病率调查基础上了解农村妇女对预防乳腺癌知识的(不太关注和没有关注)占三分二以上。由此可见,现有的农村肿瘤缺乏访视方式和有效的信息传播平台,日后预防农村妇女乳腺癌要在更广的范围开展健康教育活动,加强预防意识,从而减低乳腺癌的发病风险。     

西安市城乡妇女乳腺癌健康知识认知差异

[目的]了解西安市城乡妇女乳腺癌健康知识认知现状和差异,为开展乳腺癌的健康教育提供依据。[方法]对西安市城乡居住地的300名妇女进行问卷调查,比较不同居住地、年龄妇女的乳腺癌认知差异。[结果]西安市农村妇女乳腺癌认知总分低于城市妇女(P0.05),中年和老年城乡妇女乳腺癌认知总分不同(P0.05)。[结论]应加强对农村中老年妇女的乳腺癌知识的健康教育。     

妇女对宫颈癌筛查的认知、态度和行为状况调查及相关因素分析

[目的]了解妇女对宫颈癌筛查的KAP即认知、态度和行为现状,为进一步开展针对性的宫颈癌预防及干预措施提供信息和决策依据。[方法]自行设计调查问卷,以方便抽样法对301例妇女进行调查,调查内容主要包括一般人口社会学特征、对宫颈癌相关知识的认知、对宫颈癌筛查的态度、宫颈癌筛查的行为及相关因素。[结果]①301例妇女对宫颈癌筛查相关知识的认知和态度得分总体较好,但对宫颈癌筛查的行为得分偏低。②36岁~45岁年龄段的妇女对宫颈癌筛查态度得分最高(P<0.05);已婚女性对宫颈癌筛查认知和行为得分大于未婚女性(P<0.05);居住于城镇、文化水平较高、高收入、机关事业单位和专业技术人员对宫颈癌筛查的认知和态度得分最高(P<0.05)。③宫颈癌筛查的认知、态度、行为间均呈正相关(P<0.05)。[结论]妇女对宫颈癌筛查的认知、态度、行为之间均相互影响。应进一步加强对妇女宫颈癌的病因、高危人群以及常用筛查方法知识的宣传,尤其是对有性生活的未婚女性应积极开展相关知识的宣教。     

妇女对宫颈癌筛查的认知、态度和行为状况调查及相关因素分析

[目的]了解妇女对宫颈癌筛查的KAP即认知、态度和行为现状,为进一步开展针对性的宫颈癌预防及干预措施提供信息和决策依据。[方法]自行设计调查问卷,以方便抽样法对301例妇女进行调查,调查内容主要包括一般人口社会学特征、对宫颈癌相关知识的认知、对宫颈癌筛查的态度、宫颈癌筛查的行为及相关因素。[结果]①301例妇女对宫颈癌筛查相关知识的认知和态度得分总体较好,但对宫颈癌筛查的行为得分偏低。②36岁~45岁年龄段的妇女对宫颈癌筛查态度得分最高（P〈0.05）;已婚女性对宫颈癌筛查认知和行为得分大于未婚女性（P〈0.05）;居住于城镇、文化水平较高、高收入、机关事业单位和专业技术人员对宫颈癌筛查的认知和态度得分最高（P〈0.05）。③宫颈癌筛查的认知、态度、行为间均呈正相关（P〈0.05）。[结论]妇女对宫颈癌筛查的认知、态度、行为之间均相互影响。应进一步加强对妇女宫颈癌的病因、高危人群以及常用筛查方法知识的宣传,尤其是对有性生活的未婚女性应积极开展相关知识的宣教。     

格林模式在社区妇女乳腺癌筛查健康教育中的应用

[目的]运用格林模式健康教育帮助社区妇女建立乳腺癌筛查行为。[方法]选取4个社区妇女共520人作为研究对象,将其中2个社区作为格林组(n=270),另2个社区作为对照组(n=250);根据基线调查及评估结果,对格林组进行12个月乳腺癌筛查健康教育,对照组接受传统健康教育。[结果]实际参与全过程的研究对象格林组为266人,对照组为240人。12个月后,格林组乳腺癌筛查知识、信念、行为得分分别为(11. 29±0. 73)分、(52. 66±1. 36)分、(1. 81±0. 68)分,对照组乳腺癌筛查知识、信念、行为得分分别为(8. 67±0. 80)分、(46. 34±1. 59)分、(1. 04±0. 84)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。[结论]格林模式健康教育在帮助妇女提高乳腺癌筛查知识、转变信念的基础上,促进了乳腺癌筛查行为的形成。     

广州市花东镇地区农村妇女宫颈癌防治知识及影响因素分析

对我院2010年3月～2011年11月体检的农村35～59岁妇女进行乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查,被筛查病例共6529人,采用自拟调查问卷方式了解6529例妇女的宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况,同时分析影响知晓率的相关因素。结果本组受检者对宫颈癌防治知识知晓率普遍较低,知晓率较低的前三位知识项目包括"宫颈癌的传播途径(13.1%)、HPV感染为诱发因素(13.7%)、宫颈癌的易发年龄(19.1%)。受检者年龄分布、文化程度、5年内体检史、家庭年人均收入、家族宫颈癌史均与宫颈癌防治知识知晓率有显著相关性(P<0.05)。农村妇女宫颈癌防治知识知晓率普遍较低,需提高农村妇女宫颈癌知识的普及力度,尤其对低文化、经济贫困、年纪较大的妇女人群更应加强知识普及。     

健康教育对社区妇女乳腺癌筛查行为及相关知识的影响

目的:探讨健康教育对社区妇女乳腺癌筛查行为以及相关知识的影响。方法:此次临床研究主要抽取我社区180名妇女为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和试验组各90名,对照组采用常规干预,试验组在常规干预的基础上增加健康教育。比较两组妇女健康知识知晓情况以及妇女乳腺癌筛查行为。结果:试验组妇女的健康知识知晓情况以及乳腺癌筛查行为均高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:健康教育对社区妇女乳腺癌筛查行为以及相关知识知晓度具有促进效果,值得推广和普及。     

浙江省台州农村地区妇女宫颈癌三阶梯横断面调查

目的 了解浙江省台州市农村地区妇女宫颈癌及癌前病变的发病现状,为该地区宫颈癌防治提供依据。 方法 于2012年6-12月对台州市海门、白云街道35~59岁妇女开展三阶梯宫颈癌筛查,即妇科、阴道分泌物、宫颈脱落细胞检查,脱落细胞检查结果可疑或异常者行阴道镜检查,阴道镜检查结果可疑或异常者再进一步宫颈多点活检后行组织病理学诊断。 结果 筛查6639人,筛查率65.58%,宫颈脱落细胞液基薄层细胞检测(TCT)阳性226例(3.40%)。147例(65.04%)TCT阳性妇女进行了宫颈组织细胞学检查,检出宫颈癌7例(4.76%),宫颈癌前病变56例(38.10%);宫颈癌前病变、宫颈癌在高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)阳性妇女中检出率最高(63.33%,P0.01);宫颈癌前病变、宫颈癌分别在35~49岁、50~59岁TCT阳性妇女中检出率较高,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。 结论 台州市农村地区不同年龄阶段妇女宫颈癌及癌前病变患病率均较高,但筛查率低,尤其是低年龄组妇女(35~49岁),需进一步加强宫颈癌防治宣传教育,提高宫颈癌筛查率。     

Evaluation of a community-based intervention to enhance breast cancer screening practices in Brazil

Objectives The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a programme called ‘Touch of Life’ (Toque de Vida in Portuguese) proposed to increase breast cancer screening awareness and provide free clinical breast examination (CBE) for asymptomatic women 40–69 years of age. Method Evaluation of the intervention used a before‐and‐after quasi‐experimental design without control groups. A total of 11 762 women, living in three cities in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, were submitted to breast cancer screening by CBE. The evaluation indicators were participation rate, abnormal call rate, cancer detection rate and rate of advanced‐stage breast cancers. Results Mean age was 42.6 years. Most women belonged to the 40–69‐year age group (56.7%) and had less than 8 years of formal education (60.9%). Mean age at menarche was 12.9 years (±1.7). The proportions of parous and nulliparous women were 85.1% and 14.8% respectively. Mean age of first pregnancy was 19.8 years (±4.4). Less than one‐third (29.3%) of the women had a history of abortion or miscarriage. History of breastfeeding was reported by 79.3% of the women, and 14.4% had used hormone replacement therapy at some time. For women between 40 and 49 years of age, the participation rate was 74.9%. The abnormal call rate for CBE was 10.7%. The main abnormalities found were breast lumps in 630 women (5.4%), thickening in 332 (2.8%) and other suspicious lesions in 316 (2.7%). The breast cancer detection rate was 1.3 per thousand, and only 20.0% of women were diagnosed with advanced‐stage disease (stages III and IV). Conclusions The intervention was effective in detecting new cases of breast cancer. A community‐wide screening approach based on CBE may be effective to enhance breast cancer detection in vulnerable populations, especially in areas where mammography screening is not available.     

农村妇女宫颈癌知识知晓情况调查研究

目的:了解农村妇女对宫颈癌相关知识的认知水平,为今后有针对性地对山区镇农村妇女开展宫颈癌普查普治以及健康教育提供方向和重点。方法:在"两癌"筛查活动现场,由调查研究人员随机抽取调查对象资料,使用自编的"宫颈癌知识调查问卷"进行问卷调查并分析。结果:800名研究对象中80.95%认为与吸烟、喝酒等不良生活习惯有关,66.00%认为与多个性伴侣有关,46.30%认为与性生活卫生状况差有关;青年、中年和老年组人群知晓率分别是38.36%,16.47%,6.35%,高中及以上、初中、小学、文盲/半文盲不同文化程度人群的总平均知晓率分别是85.42%,53.78%,9.52%,2.53%;宫颈癌相关知识信息获取的途径高低顺序为听别人说、传单折页宣传画、宣传栏墙报、集会宣传、电视广播、报纸杂志、网络。结论:农村妇女对宫颈癌知识认知不足;不同年龄组和不同文化程度人群对宫颈知识知晓率具有明显差异;农村妇女获取宫颈癌防治信息主要途径是听别人说。     

Physicians�� attitudes and behaviour toward screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age

Objective

To determine family physicians’ attitudes and behaviour toward screening mammography, breast self-examination, and breast awareness in women aged 40 to 49 at average risk of breast cancer.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Women’s College Hospital and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, both in Toronto, Ont.

Participants

Family medicine residents, fellows, and staff physicians at 2 academic family practice health centres affiliated with the University of Toronto (n = 95).

Main outcome measures

Physicians’ answers to questions about offering screening mammography and promoting breast self-examination and breast awareness.

Results

Fifty-two completed surveys were returned (response rate 55%). Less than half of all surveyed family physicians (46%) routinely offered screening mammography to women aged 40 to 49 who were at average risk of breast cancer. Although 40% of physicians did not think breast cancer screening was necessary for women aged 40 to 49, 62% indicated that they would offer screening if their patients requested it. Physicians’ reasons not to offer screening included no evidence of decreasing breast cancer deaths (63%), grade A recommendation to screen women starting at age 50 and not at age 40 (25%), and the harms of screening outweighing the benefits (19%). Physicians’ reasons to offer screening included patient request (55%), personal clinical practice experience or mentors’ recommendations (27%), and guideline recommendations (18%). Breast self-examination was not recommended by most physicians (74%), yet most encouraged women to practise breast awareness (81%).

Conclusion

Many women at average risk of breast cancer are not being offered the opportunity to discuss and initiate mammographic screening before 50 years of age. While breast-self examination is not recommended, most physicians promote breast awareness.     

综合性干预对农村妇女宫颈癌检查依从性的影响

目的:观察综合性干预措施对提高农村妇女宫颈癌检查依从性的影响,探讨综合性干预措施的应用价值。方法:随机选取2010年1月~2012年10月在宫颈癌免费普查活动中的适龄农村妇女350名,将其随机等分为观察组和对照组,对照组在医院及村委人流密集处张贴宣传海报,告知"两癌"筛查政策及相关知识,以及各村安排时间表。检查前3 d由镇级医疗机构电话通知村委,由村委通知受检对象组织筛查的时间、地点、联系人等事项。观察组给予综合护理干预,比较两组对象的参与状况、对检查的配合度。结果:观察组妇女对检查知识知晓程度及签署检查同意书人数均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对宫颈癌检查适龄妇女给予综合性护理干预措施,可明显提高农村妇女宫颈癌检查依从性,取得她们对检查过程的积极配合。     

Breast cancer risk-factor and screening awareness among women nurses and teachers in Amman,Jordan

Breast cancer awareness studies of women in Jordan do not exist. This study used data from 163 nurses and 178 teachers surveyed in Amman to determine 2 dimensions of breast cancer awareness: general breast cancer awareness, defined as knowledge of risk factors associated with the disease and breast cancer screening awareness, defined as knowledge of breast self-examination and mammography. The survey instrument was based on 2 previously validated knowledge-based questionnaires in the literature (Breast Cancer Knowledge Test and the Comprehensive Breast Cancer Questionnaire). Analysis of covariance indicated that family history was associated with general breast cancer awareness. Profession, age, and family history significantly influenced breast cancer screening awareness. The average percentage of correct responses to general breast cancer awareness was adjusted for select covariates (adjusted means). The adjusted mean general awareness score for nurses was not significantly different from that of teachers (P =.8470). Nurses were more aware than teachers of the importance of breast cancer screening and its techniques. The adjusted mean screening awareness score for nurses was 88.3%, compared with 73.1% for teachers (P <.0001). These results provide important information about the level of breast cancer awareness among women nurses and teachers in Jordan and may be useful for developing future prevention and screening education programs.     

Impact of breast cancer patients' awareness on attendance at screening

SHIEH S.-H., CHEN H.-C., TSAI W.-C., KUO S.-Y., TSAI Y.-F. & LU C.-H. (2012) Impact of breast cancer patients' awareness on attendance at screening. International Nursing Review59, 353-361 Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of breast cancer awareness on the attendance for screening among women with breast cancer prior to diagnoses of breast cancer. Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer for women in Taiwan and its incidence rate continues to increase. However, screening for breast cancer is still not common even if the incidence rate has topped the list from 2003 to 2010. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Subjects (535 women) were recruited from two medical centres in central Taiwan. Information on attendance for breast cancer screening was collected by self-report. Chi-square test and logistic regression were utilized to analyse the relationships between awareness of breast cancer and attendance at screening. Findings: The results indicated that pre-diagnostic awareness of 'the concept of early treatment relating to higher cure rate'[odds ratio (OR): 4.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-14.9], 'various breast cancer screening methods' (OR:3.00; 95% CI: 1.23-7.30), 'the coverage of breast cancer screening programme in the National Health Insurance' (OR:1.76; 95% CI: 1.03-3.02) and 'breast self-examination after each menstrual cycle' (OR:3.42; 95% CI: 1.99-5.87) were all significantly associated with the screening procedures performed. Conclusions: Findings of this study indicated that particular attention should be paid towards enhancement of women's knowledge for prevention and early detection of breast cancer through educational efforts by nurse professionals, medical institutions and/or civil organizations.