不同部位鼻中隔偏曲伴窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异的特点

目的 探讨不同部位鼻中隔偏曲伴窦口鼻道复合体(OMC)解剖变异的差异。方法 对103例不同部位鼻中隔偏曲病人作鼻内镜检查和鼻腔、鼻窦冠状位、轴位CT扫描,比较OMC解剖变异的差异。结果 单纯高位偏曲组甲泡、Haller气房及钩突偏曲的发生率分别为50％、56.3％和28.1％,显著高于低位嵴组及前部偏曲组(P<0.05);甲泡在单纯高位偏曲对侧发生率为62.5％,同侧为37.5％,其同侧与其它各组间无明显差异,其对侧则差异显著(P<0.05);前部偏曲筛泡过度气化发生率为8.3％,明显低于其它各组(P<0.05);中鼻甲反常曲线、鼻丘气房、钩突气化等的发生率在各组之间没有明显差别。结论 不同部位的鼻中隔偏曲伴随的某些OMC解剖变异存在较大的差异。     

197例鼻窦炎螺旋CT扫描结果分析及临床意义

目的：用高分辨率CT对鼻窦炎进行影像学分析,探讨窦口鼻道复合体（OMC）的解剖变异与鼻窦炎发生的关系。方法：选取197例有明显症状、初诊为鼻窦炎的患者（鼻窦炎组）,年龄4～74岁;选取无鼻部疾病史的654例为对照组,年龄4～76岁;两组均行鼻窦冠、轴状位CT扫描,对OMC的几种常见的解剖变异进行评估,并统计解剖变异与年龄的关系。结果：存在OMC区解剖变异的患者在11～20岁;慢性鼻窦炎患者的年龄11～20岁;鼻中隔偏曲、钩突变异和下鼻甲肥大的发生在鼻窦炎组和对照组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：OMC解剖变异常见,且与慢性鼻窦炎密切相关,特别是鼻中隔偏曲、钩突变异及下鼻甲肥大,纠正这三处的异常对鼻窦炎的预防和治疗有重大意义。     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术中鼻腔鼻窦解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎的关系

目的 探讨鼻内镜鼻窦手术中鼻腔鼻窦解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎的关系。 方法 选取慢性鼻窦炎患者206例,根据是否患有慢性鼻窦炎分为观察组85例与对照组121例。记录两组患者是否存在鼻中隔偏曲、泡状中鼻甲、下鼻甲及鼻丘气房肥大、中鼻甲反向偏曲及钩突气化等鼻腔鼻窦解剖变异现象。 结果 观察组鼻中隔偏曲、下鼻甲及鼻丘气房肥大、泡状中鼻甲发生率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而中鼻甲反向偏曲及钩突气化发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。两组鼻中隔偏曲均以高位偏曲为主,但观察组鼻中隔高位偏曲发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 鼻中隔偏曲、泡状中鼻甲、鼻丘气房及下鼻甲肥大均为慢性鼻窦炎发展中的重要结构变异,与慢性鼻窦炎的发生密切相关。     

鼻中隔偏曲对鼻窦炎致病因素的研究

鼻窦炎致病因素中,鼻腔解剖结构的异常在临床中是最为常见的,其中鼻中隔偏曲占有重要位置。鼻中隔偏曲本身就可以是其他结构异常的原因,如偏曲对侧的中鼻甲、筛泡、钩突的气化或肥大、对侧下鼻甲的代偿性增生等,这在不同程度上增加了鼻窦炎的发病率。鼻中隔作为对鼻腔双侧的发病都有影响的因素,对两侧中或下鼻甲,黏膜、腺体、血管及骨性结构的影响和变化是不同的,通过鼻阻力、鼻气流量等客观指标也证实了鼻腔两侧的差异。但还没有文献描述鼻中隔偏曲对鼻腔双侧鼻窦炎等病变的发病率影响的差异,因此有待于进一步探讨。     

鼻中隔偏曲对鼻窦炎致病因素的研究

鼻窦炎致病因素中,鼻腔解剖结构的异常在临床中是最为常见的,其中鼻中隔偏曲占有重要位置。鼻中隔偏曲本身就可以是其他结构异常的原因,如偏曲对侧的中鼻甲、筛泡、钩突的气化或肥大、对侧下鼻甲的代偿性增生等,这在不同程度上增加了鼻窦炎的发病率。鼻中隔作为对鼻腔双侧的发病都有影响的因素,对两侧中或下鼻甲,黏膜、腺体、血管及骨性结构的影响和变化是不同的,通过鼻阻力、鼻气流量等客观指标也证实了鼻腔两侧的差异。但还没有文献描述鼻中隔偏曲对鼻腔双侧鼻窦炎等病变的发病率影响的差异,因此有待于进一步探讨。     

鼻中隔偏曲对鼻腔双侧鼻窦炎发病率影响差异的临床研究

目的:采用大样本、前瞻性调查,探讨鼻中隔偏曲对鼻腔双侧鼻窦炎发病率影响的差异。方法:对2006-01-2012-03期间临床资料完整的2 074例鼻中隔偏曲伴慢性鼻窦炎患者行回顾性分析。结果:鼻中隔偏曲窄侧和宽侧的鼻窦炎发生例数分别为1 687例(81.3%)、1 582例(76.3%),未发生例数分别为387例(18.7%)、492例(23.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且窄侧发生鼻窦炎的危险度RR值(1.4)高于宽侧(0.7);窄侧、宽侧2组鼻窦炎个数等级资料经秩和检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),窄侧平均秩次(1 656.396)显著大于宽侧(1 612.184);男女鼻窦炎发病率分别为50.6%(1 049/2 074)、49.4%(1 025/2 074),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);鼻中隔向左侧偏曲1148例(55.4%),向右侧偏曲926例(44.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);窄侧与宽侧的解剖变异主要有钩突肥大(7.0%、27.0%),中鼻甲肥大(7.8%、38.0%),筛泡肥大(26.2%、39.0%),中鼻甲反常曲线(5.4%、15.5%),下鼻甲肥大(52.9%、67.0%),鼻中隔高位黏膜肥厚(0.5%、2.8%)。结论:鼻中隔偏曲窄侧鼻窦炎发病率高于宽侧;男女鼻窦炎发病率无差异;鼻中隔向左侧偏曲的发生率较向右侧高;鼻腔宽侧发生代偿使其鼻窦炎发病率升高;单纯鼻中隔矫正术并不一定能恢复鼻腔的正常通气功能;下鼻甲肥大与鼻窦炎的发生密切相关。     

慢性鼻鼻窦炎、鼻息肉与鼻部解剖变异的鼻窦冠状位CT研究

目的：探讨慢性鼻鼻窦炎及鼻息肉与鼻部解剖变异的关系。方法：分析411例鼻窦冠状位CT资料,分为正常组（A）、慢性鼻鼻窦炎组(B)、鼻息肉组(C)3组。统计中鼻甲、钩突变异及Haller′s气房、鼻中隔偏曲等在3组的发生率,并应用统计软件SPSS 12.0分析其与慢性鼻鼻窦炎及鼻息肉的关系。结果：中鼻甲气化、反向弯曲及直形中鼻甲在A组的发生率分别为23.39%、8.06%、3.23%; 在B组为38.52%、18.58%、12.84%;C组为37.45%、21.70%、17.02%。A组中鼻甲各解剖变异与B、C两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。钩突气化、上端分叉及反向弯曲在A组中的发生率为4.03%、4.83%、0.00%;B组中为7.10%、2.73%、2.18%;C组为8.51%、3.83%、7.23%。钩突反向弯曲在A组与C组间、B组与C组间分布差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：中鼻甲各解剖变异与慢性鼻鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的发生有关;钩突反向弯曲较易引发鼻息肉;钩突气化、钩突上端分叉、鼻中隔偏曲及Haller′s气房与慢性鼻鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的发生无相关性。     

鼻中隔高位偏曲与鼻窦炎发病的关系

对４５例鼻中隔高位偏曲者，行鼻－鼻窦轴位和冠状位ＣＴ平扫及鼻内窥镜观察，其资料经统计学处理，两侧鼻窦炎的发生率无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），两侧窦口鼻道复合体异常的发生率，宽侧高于狭侧，而同一侧窦口鼻道复合体，两个以上部位异常的发生率，宽侧明显高于狭侧，而且有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），提示宽侧鼻腔引起民鼻窦炎的潜在因素较狭侧多，因此，对于传统公认的鼻中隔高位偏曲者，在注意狭侧患鼻窦炎的同时，宽侧     

鼻窦解剖及其变异与鼻窦炎和手术的关系

目的 探讨鼻窦解剖及其变异对鼻窦炎和手术的治疗。方法 观察１００具颅骨、１０个尸头,复习７５０例鼻窦炎鼻窦冠状ＣＴ和１０００例内窥镜鼻窦手术记录,研究中鼻甲、钩突、上颌窦自然口和鼻囟门（含上颌窦骨性裂口）、前鼻颅底、筛蝶区域和鼻中隔的解剖学和影像解剖学,分析解剖、变异与鼻窦炎和手术的关系。结果 ①中鼻甲、钩突、前鼻颅底、筛蝶区域和鼻中隔均存在解剖变异;②中鼻甲、钩突和鼻中隔的变异在有鼻窦炎侧明显多     

中鼻甲高度和慢性鼻窦炎关系的研究

目的:研究中鼻甲高度和鼻窦炎的关系。方法:分析94例(185侧)经CT检查、手术和(或)临床证实的患者资料。将中鼻甲与半月裂的关系分为裂上型(中鼻甲下缘位于半月裂以上),裂口型(中鼻甲下缘位于半月裂水平至半月裂以下2mm以内)和裂下型(中鼻甲下缘位于半月裂以下部分大于2mm)。将不同中鼻甲高度、鼻中隔偏曲、中鼻甲气化、中鼻甲反向、钩突变异、筛大泡、Haller气房、鼻丘气房等解剖变异及各型鼻窦炎发生的侧数进行统计学分析。结果:裂上型 裂口型与裂下型比较,中鼻甲气化等解剖变异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3种不同中鼻甲发育类型的各型鼻窦炎的发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),裂上型和裂口型鼻窦炎的发生率高于裂下型(P<0.01),2、3型鼻窦炎(伴鼻息肉)的发生率亦高于裂下型(P<0.01),1型鼻窦炎的发生率与裂下型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:中鼻甲高度变异的发生与鼻腔、鼻窦其他解剖变异无关;中鼻甲发育短小是鼻窦炎、鼻息肉发生的危险因素。     

鼻中隔偏曲两窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异的差异

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of the deviated septum on the development of ostiomeatal complex (OMC). METHODS: Nasal endoscopic examination and CT scan of the paranasal sinuses of 103 patients with nasal septal deviation were analyzed. The differences of anatomic variations in OMC between ipsilateral and contralateral sides in relation to the direction of septal deviation. The incidence of sinusitis on either side of the deviated septum was evaluated. RESULTS: On the side opposite to the deviated septum, the incidence of middle and inferior turbinate hypertrophy was higher than that of the deviated side(P < 0.05). The width of agger nasi and ethmoid bulla was on the contralateral side larger than that of the ipsilateral side (P < 0.01). The incidence of paradoxical curvature of middle turbinate on the ipsilateral side was higher than that of contralateral side (P < 0.01). Other anatomic variations showed no significant differences between two sides of the deviated septum (P > 0.05), nor was there any difference between the incidence of sinusitis on the two sides. CONCLUSION: Some compensatory changes in middle and inferior turbinates and lateral nasal-wall on the opposite side to the deviation might be caused by the deviated septum.     

鼻中隔偏曲患者双侧下鼻甲的影像学和病理学观察

目的：观察鼻中隔偏曲患者双侧下鼻甲的形态结构及其黏膜的病理改变。方法：为住院行手术治疗鼻中隔偏曲患者30例行术前鼻窦冠状位CT扫描，在CT片上直接测量下鼻甲的宽度和高度，将测量数值根据CT片上的标尺换算成实际值。手术全麻后、鼻腔表麻前，在鼻内镜下，于鼻中隔明显偏曲处对称切取下鼻甲组织，在光镜、透射电镜下观察下鼻甲的黏膜上皮层及固有层组织结构的改变。结果：从30例鼻中隔偏曲患者的鼻窦CT中观察到，偏曲对侧下鼻甲的高度和宽度均大于同侧，差别有统计学意义。光镜结果：偏曲对侧下鼻甲较同侧黏膜上皮、基底膜增厚，血管增生，纤维组织增生，腺体密度同侧较对侧减小。电镜结果：偏曲对侧较同侧的下鼻甲黏膜固有层的结缔组织胶原纤维增生明显；黏膜固有层毛细血管及腺体周围毛细血管的内膜具有窗格样空隙，小静脉内皮基底膜变透明，间隙增大，肿胀样，结构疏松。结论：在鼻中隔偏曲患者中，偏曲两侧的下鼻甲在宽度和高度上差异有统计学意义。偏曲对侧下鼻甲的肥大，既有骨质增生的成分，也有黏膜及黏膜下层组织增生的因素。     

鼻腔结构与真菌性上颌炎关系的CT影像学研究

目的 探讨真菌性上颌窦炎是否存在鼻腔解剖结构异常。 方法 分析102例真菌性上颌窦炎患者(单侧患病)的CT图像,观察鼻中隔、中鼻甲、钩突、筛泡的变异情况,有无Haller气房;测量冠状位钩突平面下鼻甲、钩突和中鼻甲所占该平面鼻腔面积比。 结果 鼻中隔偏曲87例(85.29%),其中51例宽敞侧发病,36例狭窄侧患病(P<0.05)。高位偏曲病例与低位偏曲相近。高位偏曲病例中,宽敞侧患病例数多于狭窄侧(P>0.05),但无统计学差异。低位偏曲病例中,两侧患病例数差异无统计学意义。患侧与健侧中鼻甲、钩突、筛泡变异及Haller气房出现情况患侧反向中鼻甲明显多于健侧,差异有统计学意义。钩突偏曲、Haller气房两侧差异有统计学意义,筛泡过度气化患侧较健侧多,但无统计学意义。冠状位钩突平面下鼻甲、钩突和中鼻甲所占该平面鼻腔面积比,两侧差异无统计学意义。 结论 鼻中隔偏曲及中鼻甲、钩突变异可能是真菌性上颌窦炎致病因素,真菌性上颌窦炎手术应同时处理相应变异结构。     

Septal deviation and chronic sinus disease

The introduction of computerized tomography in the identification of sinonasal pathology and associated anatomic variants has contributed to a greater understanding of the factors leading to ostiomeatal complex (OMC) obstruction and chronic sinus disease. The OMC and paranasal sinus regions were prospectively evaluated in 150 consecutive patients as a function of the degree of nasal septal deviation and compared with matched controls. These data were correlated with paranasal sinus disease, lateral nasal wall findings, and middle turbinate abnormalities. An increased incidence and severity of bilateral chronic sinus disease was present with increasing septal deviations (p < 0.05). Similarly, patients with increasing nasal septum deviations were noted to have a higher incidence of OMC obstruction (p < 0.05). Ostiomeatal complex obstruction in the direction of septal angulation was associated with nasal septal deformity; however, contralateral OMC obstruction was associated with middle turbinate and lateral nasal wall abnormalities (p < 0.05). The evaluation of the degree of septal angulation has helped better understand the factors contributing to chronic sinus disease and OMC obstruction.     

Evaluation of the inferior turbinate in patients with deviated nasal septum by using computed tomography

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to measure the dimensions, composition, and possible structural and radiological changes of the compensatory hypertrophic inferior turbinate in patients with deviated nasal septum. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial at a university medical center. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with deviated nasal septum and compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate in the contralateral nasal cavity were examined by computed tomography. RESULTS: The dimensions of the compensatory hypertrophic inferior turbinate in patients with septal deviation were compared with normal control subjects. The difference in width of the medial and lateral mucosa and the conchal bone between the two groups was statistically significant (P <.05). CONCLUSION: The present study uncovers the dimensions and composition of the inferior turbinate with compensatory hypertrophy in patients with nasal septum deviation. The findings support the decision to excise the inferior turbinate bone at the time of septoplasty, because of the significant bony and mucosal expansion.     

Is turbinate surgery necessary when performing a septoplasty?

Many otolaryngologists perform septoplasty with or without turbinate surgery and the surgical method relies largely on the surgeon’s clinical judgment. This study used computed tomography (CT) of the sinuses of 20 patients to examine the correlation between a unilateral deviated nasal septum and compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral inferior turbinate to suggest guidelines for septal and turbinate surgery. The thickness of the mucosa and conchal bone, the projection angle of the conchal bone, and the distances between the conchal bone, and lateral nasal line and median line were measured. The volume of the inferior turbinate was measured from the three-dimensional reconstruction. Each measurement was compared with those of the nasal cavity on the contralateral and of normal control subjects. The inferior turbinate on the concave side had a significantly greater volume, including the thickness of medial mucosa and the thickness and projection angle of conchal bone. Septoplasty and concomitant inferior turbinate surgery to manipulate conchal bone and soft tissues are necessary for treatment of those patients with unilateral nasal septal deviation and compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral inferior turbinate.     

Correlation of nasal obstruction with nasal cross-sectional area measured by computed tomography in patients with nasal septal deviation

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction and the corresponding cross-sectional area for nasal airflow in patients with a deviated septum. Methods: Seventy-one patients with a diagnosis of unilateral nasal obstruction due to a deviated nasal septum were evaluated by preoperative computed tomography. Anterior anatomic characteristics (the internal nasal valve angle and the cross-sectional areas at the external nasal valve, the head of the inferior turbinate, and the head of the middle turbinate) and posterior anatomic factors (the cross-sectional areas at the openings of the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and end of the nasal septum) were examined. Associations between the computed tomography measurements and the subjective severity of nasal obstruction were analyzed with a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Anterior and posterior anatomic characteristics were associated with the subjective severity of nasal obstruction. Anterior anatomic factors were related to the VAS scores of patients with anterior septal deviation, and posterior anatomic factors were related to the VAS scores of patients with posterior septal deviation. Conclusions: This study indicated that the anterior and posterior parts of the nasal cavity are both related to nasal obstruction. In some patients, the posterior part of the nasal cavity was more important than other locations in causing nasal obstruction.     

鼻中隔偏曲对中鼻甲形态和结构的影响

目的比较鼻中隔偏曲患者双侧中鼻甲形态结构的改变。方法选择单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者30例,术前行鼻窦冠状位CT扫描,在CT片上直接测量并计算出双侧中鼻甲实际的宽度和高度。于中鼻甲的前端切取标本, 光镜、透射电镜观察其组织结构的改变。结果从鼻窦CT片中观察到,偏曲对侧中鼻甲的高度和宽度与同侧比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。光镜结果：偏曲对侧中鼻甲与同侧比较,黏膜上皮细胞个数增多或体积增大,基底膜增厚,间质血管增生、扩张,间质纤维组织增生。电镜结果：偏曲对侧中鼻甲与同侧比较,黏膜固有层的结缔组织胶原纤维增生明显,毛细血管的内膜具有窗格样空隙,小静脉内皮基底膜变透明,间隙增大。结论在鼻中隔偏曲患者中,偏曲两侧的中鼻甲形态和结构差异有统计学意义。骨质的增生和黏膜的肥厚是其主要原因。