The novel, selective, brain-penetrant neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor antagonist, JNJ-31020028, tested in animal models of alcohol consumption, relapse, and anxiety

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling has been shown to modulate stress responses and to be involved in regulation of alcohol intake and dependence. The present study explores the possibility that blockade of NPY Y2 autoreceptors using a novel, blood-brain barrier penetrant NPY Y2 receptor antagonist, JNJ-31020028 (N-(4-{4-[2-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridin-3-ylbenzamide), may achieve a therapeutically useful activation of the NPY system in alcohol- and anxiety-related behavioral models. We examined JNJ-31020028 in operant alcohol self-administration, stress-induced reinstatement to alcohol seeking, and acute alcohol withdrawal (hangover)-induced anxiety. Furthermore, we tested its effects on voluntary alcohol consumption in a genetic animal model of alcohol preference, the alcohol-preferring (P) rat. Neither systemic (0, 15, 30, and 40 mg/kg, subcutaneously [s.c.]) nor intracerebroventricular (0.0, 0.3, and 1.0 nmol/rat) administration of JNJ-31020028 affected alcohol-reinforced lever pressing or relapse to alcohol seeking behavior following stress exposure. Also, when its effects were tested on unlimited access to alcohol in P rats, preference for alcohol solution was transiently suppressed but without affecting voluntary alcohol intake. JNJ-31020028 (15 mg/kg, s.c.) did reverse the anxiogenic effects of withdrawal from a single bolus dose of alcohol on the elevated plus-maze, confirming the anxiolytic-like properties of NPY Y2 antagonism. Our data do not support Y2 antagonism as a mechanism for reducing alcohol consumption or relapse-like behavior, but the observed effects on withdrawal-induced anxiety suggest that NPY Y2 receptor antagonists may be a putative treatment for the negative affective states following alcohol withdrawal.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体基因多态性

目的 探讨儿童青少年肥胖与神经肽Y第二受体(NPY2R)基因rs1047214多态性的相关性,及其与代谢综合征的关系.方法 选择北京市2030名7～18岁的中小学生进行身体测量、血液生化指标测定和rs1047214多态性检测.结果 NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的等位基因突变率(T>C)为18.6%;非肥胖组的纯合突变CC基因型频率为3.7%.明显高于肥胖组(1.7%,P<0.05);不同基因型BMI、腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CC基因型低于非纯合突变型,性别分析显示男性差异有统计学意义;但是,采用多元线性回归分析方法,用BMI调整后,不同基因型腰围、腰臀比和腰围身高比水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同基因型的血脂、血压、血糖指标水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 儿童青少年NPY2R基因rs1047214多态性的突变率与男性肥胖有关,但与血脂、血压、血糖异常可能没有显著关联.     

心力衰竭患者血浆神经肽Y、神经降压素水平变化

目的 观察心力衰竭患者血浆神经肽Y(NPY)、神经降压素(NT)水平的变化,并探讨其临床意义.方法 选择76例心力衰竭患者(心力衰竭组),应用彩色超声心动图检查其心脏结构和功能,计算左室射血分数(LVEF).应用放射免疫分析法检测患者血浆NPY、NT水平,并与28例健康者(对照组)进行比较.结果 (1)心力衰竭组血浆NPY水平[(159.7± 56.3)ng/L]高于对照组[(120.8 4-51.9)ns/L],P<0.05;而NT水平[(69.5 4-29.6)ng/L]低于对照组[(99.1±19.3)ng/L],P<0.01.(2)随着心功能损害的加重,NPY水平逐渐升高,而NT水平逐渐降低.(3)心力衰竭患者LVEF与血浆NPY水平呈负相关(γ=-0.31,P<0.05),与NT水平呈正相关(γ=0.28,P<0.05).血浆NPY与NT水平呈负相关(γ=-0.26,JP<0.05).结论 心力衰竭患者血浆NPY水平升高,而NT水平降低,存在平衡失调,这种平衡失调可能参与了心功能损害的过程.监测血浆NPY、NT水平变化可评价心力衰竭患者病情及预后.     

The effect of drinking coffee and smoking cigarettes on the risk of cirrhosis associated with alcohol consumption

In order to assess the interaction between alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and coffee con sumption in determining the risk of liver cirrhosis we carried out a hospital-based case-control study involving 115 patients at their first diagnosis of cirrhosis and 167 control patients consecutively enrolled in the General Hospitals of the Province of L'Aquila (Central Italy). The mean life-time daily alcohol intake (as g ethanol consumed daily) was measured by direct patient interviews, whose reproducibility was >0.80 and similar for cases and controls, as checked by interviewing the relatives of a sample of 50 cases and 73 controls. During the same patient's interview we also measured the mean consumption of coffee (daily number of cups of filtered coffee) and tobacco (life-time daily number of cigarettes smoked). A dose-effect relationship on the risk of cirrhosis was present both for alcohol intake — for which the risk was significantly increased above 100 g of daily intake — and for cigarette consumption. The latter did not however improve the goodness-of-fit of a logistic regression model including alcohol intake as covariate. By contrast, coffee consumption had a protective effect on the risk of cirrhosis and significantly improved the goodness-of-fit of such a model. Abstaining from coffee consumption determined both a significantly increased risk of cirrhosis, even for daily alcohol intake below 100 g, and a multiplicative effect with alcohol intake on this risk. In patients drinking 101 g ethanol daily the relative risk increased from 5.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.4–22.0) for coffee consumers to 10.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.3–58.1) for coffee abstainers. We conclude that: (1) tobacco smoking is likely to be a faint risk factor for cirrhosis, and studies on wider patients series should be performed for confirmation; (2) coffee drinking is associated with a reduced risk of cirrhosis. Whether coffee contains some hitherto unknown protective substances, or is just a marker of other life-style or dietary protective factors, deserves further clarification. Provincial Group for the Study of Chronic Liver Disease: A. Attili (Cattedra di Fisiopatologia Digestiva, Università di L'Aquila), S. Santini, F. Bruccoleri & E. Zepponi (Laboratorio Analisi Cliniche, Ospedale Civile Tagliacozzo), G. Tullio & G. Tonietti (Cattedra di Clinica Medica, Università di L'Aquila), V. Festuccia, G. Giandomenico & G. Natali (Cattedra di Patologia Medica, Università di L'Aquila), M. Pozone, A. Giusti & F. Caione (Divisione di Geriatria, Ospedale Civile L'Aquila), M. Mariani, A. Grimaldi & A. Iannessi (Divisione di Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Civile L'Aquila), F. Marchionni, G. Del Bove Orlandi & G. Rabitti (Divisione di Medicina Generate, Ospedale Civile Avezzano), G. Sgrò & S. Cercone (Divisione di Medicina Generate, Ospedale Civile Sulmona), E. Bernardini & P. Capobianchi (Divisione di Medicina Generate, Ospedale Civile Tagliacozzo), M. Giovannone, M. Cincis & P. Caracciolo (Divisione di Medicina Generate, Ospedale Civile Castel di Sangro), L. Colitti & A. Biocca (Divisione di Medicina Generate, Ospedale Civile Pescina), C. Ercole, C. Miccoli & C. Rapone (Scuola di Specializzazione in Patologia Clinica, Università di L'Aquila), S. Necozione & G. Pantaleo (Centro Interdipartimentale di Epidemiologia, Università di L'Aquila)     

Sex-specific differences in the association of a common aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene polymorphism and alcohol consumption with stroke risk in a Korean population: a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESIt is well-known that alcohol consumption is associated with stroke risk as well as with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene (ALDH2) polymorphisms. However, it is unclear whether ALDH2 polymorphisms are associated with stroke risk independent of alcohol consumption and whether such association is modified by sex. We evaluated sex-specific associations of a common ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol consumption with stroke risk in a Korean population.SUBJECTS/METHODSWe conducted a prospective cohort study involving 8,465 men and women, aged 40-69 years and free of stroke between June, 2001 and January, 2003, and followed for the development of stroke. We identified new cases of stroke, which were self-reported or ascertained from vital registration data. Based on genome-wide association data, we selected a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2074356), which shows high linkage disequilibrium with the functional polymorphism of ALDH2. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis considering potential risk factors collected from a baseline questionnaire.RESULTSOver the median follow-up of 8 years, 121 cases of stroke were identified. Carrying the wild-type allele of the ALDH2 polymorphism increased stroke risk among men. The multivariate hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] of stroke was 2.02 [1.03-3.99] for the wild-type allele compared with the mutant alleles, but the association was attenuated after controlling for alcohol consumption. Combinations of the wild-type allele and other risk factors of stroke, such as old age, diabetes mellitus, and habitual snoring, synergistically increased the risk among men. Among women, however, the ALDH2 polymorphism was not associated with stroke risk.CONCLUSIONSThe prospective cohort study showed a significant association between a common ALDH2 polymorphism and stroke risk in Korean men, but not in Korean women, and also demonstrated that men with genetic disadvantages gain more risk when having risk factors of stroke. Thus, these men may need to make more concerted efforts to control modifiable risk factors of stroke.     

The reliability of personal alcohol consumption estimates in a working population

Health and safety problems related to alcohol consumption represent a major concern in many businesses and consequently pre-employment questionnaires and workplace health promotion packages frequently contain questions seeking basic estimates of alcohol consumption. Although individuals with very heavy drinking patterns often attract much attention, on a population basis most morbidity is likely to arise from drinkers consuming above the recommended limits but not sufficient to result in gross occupational or social effects. This study reviews the research on the reliability of questionnaire techniques used to quantify alcohol consumption and compares the most valid retrospective interview based estimate of consumption, the time line follow-back (TLFB), with a prospective daily diary (DD) method in a working population. The DD method was acceptable and produced significantly higher estimates of consumption and for 'normal' subjects gave consistent estimates of +/- 10 units/week over several weeks. Appropriate questionnaire design is discussed and the use of a DD method in health promotion activities recommended.     

Starving for a drink: Sexual objectification is associated with food-restricted alcohol consumption among college women,but not among men

ABSTRACT

Interpersonal sexual objectification, or being treated as an object by others, is linked to poorer body image and, in turn, engagement in weight management behaviors that promote conformity to unrealistic appearance standards while simultaneously undermining health. Although these associations emerge consistently among women, the evidence has been less clear among men. The present study introduced a novel weight control behavior, food-restricted alcohol consumption (i.e., limiting food intake prior to alcohol consumption), and examined whether sexual objectification was associated with this phenomenon and whether this association differed among women and men. During the fall of 2012 and the spring of 2013, 410 undergraduates reported how often they felt objectified by others and restricted what they ate before drinking alcohol in the past month. Controlling for past drinking, sexual objectification was significantly and positively associated with food-restricted alcohol consumption for women; however, sexual objectification was unrelated to food-restricted alcohol consumption for men. The results suggest that sexual objectification might operate differently across the sexes and particularly be related to this specific health-risk behavior among women.     

The effect of prior alcohol consumption on the ataxic response to alcohol in high-alcohol preferring mice

We have previously shown that ethanol-naïve high-alcohol preferring (HAP) mice, genetically predisposed to consume large quantities of alcohol, exhibited heightened sensitivity and more rapid acute functional tolerance (AFT) to alcohol-induced ataxia compared to low-alcohol preferring mice. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prior alcohol self-administration on these responses in HAP mice. Naïve male and female adult HAP mice from the second replicate of selection (HAP2) underwent 18 days of 24-h, 2-bottle choice drinking for 10% ethanol vs. water, or water only. After 18 days of fluid access, mice were tested for ataxic sensitivity and rapid AFT following a 1.75 g/kg injection of ethanol on a static dowel apparatus in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, a separate group of mice was tested for more protracted AFT development using a dual-injection approach where a second, larger (2.0 g/kg) injection of ethanol was given following the initial recovery of performance on the task. HAP2 mice that had prior access to alcohol exhibited a blunted ataxic response to the acute alcohol challenge, but this pre-exposure did not alter rapid within-session AFT capacity in Experiment 1 or more protracted AFT capacity in Experiment 2. These findings suggest that the typically observed increase in alcohol consumption in these mice may be influenced by ataxic functional tolerance development, but is not mediated by a greater capacity for ethanol exposure to positively influence within-session ataxic tolerance.     

Interactions of the LIPG 584C > T polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

Both endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) 584C > T (rs2000813) polymorphism and alcohol consumption modulate serum lipid levels. But their interactions on serum lipid profiles are not well known. The present study was undertaken to detect the interactions of LIPG 584C > T polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels. Genotyping of the LIPG 584C > T was performed in 763 unrelated nondrinkers and 520 drinkers aged 15–85 years. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P < .01 for all). There were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between nondrinkers and drinkers. The levels of TC, HDL-C, and ApoAI in nondrinkers were different among the three genotypes (P < .05–.01), the subjects with CT genotype had higher TC, HDL-C, and ApoAI levels than the subjects with CC genotype. The levels of HDL-C and ApoAI in drinkers were different among the three genotypes (P < .001 and P < .05; respectively), the individuals with TT genotype had higher HDL-C and ApoAI levels than the individuals with CT and CC genotypes. The interactions between LIPG 584C > T genotypes and alcohol consumption on serum HDL-C (P < .01) and ApoAI levels (P < .05) were also detected by using a factorial regression analysis after controlling for potential confounders. The levels of TC in nondrinkers were correlated with LIPG 584C > T alleles (P < .05), whereas the levels of TG and HDL-C were associated with LIPG 584C > T alleles (P < .05) and genotypes (P < .05), respectively. These results suggest that the subjects with TT genotype benefit more from alcohol consumption than the subjects with CT and CC genotypes in increasing serum HDL-C and ApoAI levels.