腔内治疗腹主动脉瘤髂内动脉重建方法及其评价

腹主动脉瘤的腔内治疗已成为其治疗的主流方法,有相当部分的腹主动脉瘤涉及到髂内动脉的处理,而重建髂内动脉的必要性也逐渐得到了学界的认可。髂内动脉的解剖决定了其重要临床意义,早期多应用杂交手术重建方案,后逐渐出现了基于非专用器材的Sandwich技术、Crossover烟囱技术、Trifurcated endograft技术、Bell-bottom技术等腔内治疗方案以及近期出现的专用的髂动脉分叉装置等。各种方法都有其特点和适用条件,血管外科医生应熟知和掌握各种方法,为病人制定最优治疗方案。     

带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤

目的探讨带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝技术在腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析2011年6月～2012年6月我院收治的10例腹主动脉瘤合并双髂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。患者均于术前行CT血管造影(CTA)检查,腹主动脉瘤均为肾下型;髂动脉瘤仅累及髂总动脉8例,累及髂内动脉开口处2例。手术先置入带髂内分支的髂动脉带膜支架,再置入腹主动脉瘤的分叉型带膜支架。结果患者均一次手术成功,无死亡。9例患者获得随访,随访时间3～6个月,患者腹部搏动性肿块均消失,均未出现臀部、骶尾部坏死,无明显性功能障碍,1例出现臀部的轻度间歇性跛行。8例术后3个月行腹主、双髂动脉彩超检查,未见明显内瘘,移植的髂内分支支架血流通畅。3例术后6个月行腹主、双髂动脉CTA检查,未见Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型内瘘,髂内分支支架内血流通畅。结论带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝技术在腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤的治疗中是安全、有效的;可以有效地保留一侧髂内动脉,减少或避免因髂内动脉封闭而带来的并发症。     

保髂内动脉技术在腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤腔内修复中的应用北大核心CSCD

回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年12月在苏州大学附属张家港医院和南京鼓楼医院行腔内修复(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)治疗的17例腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)合并总髂动脉瘤(common iliac artery aneurysms,CIAs)患者的临床资料,分别采用了髂动脉分支支架技术(iliac branch device,IBD,n=3)、喇叭形支架技术(bell-bottom technique,BBT,n=10)和髂外、髂内动脉搭桥技术(n=4)。三种方法均取得较好的技术成功率和近期效果。本研究显示根据腹主、髂总和髂内动脉具体情况,选择IBD、BBT和自体血管移植等技术,均可达到预期的治疗效果,降低术后臀肌跛行、内漏、内脏缺血等并发症的发生率。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术封闭髂内动脉后的初步观察

目的观察腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(EVAR)封闭髂内动脉后臀肌和下肢缺血情况。方法回顾性分析2006年1月～2011年1月在我院行EVAR术的174例患者的临床资料。腹主动脉瘤最大直径[(55.2±12.9)mm],累及髂总动脉52例(29.9%)。EVAR治疗方法包括置入分叉型覆膜支架169例(97.1%),单臂型5例(2.9%)。术中封闭单侧髂内动脉29例,封闭双侧髂内动脉10例。观察围手术期和随访期患者臀肌和下肢发生缺血情况。结果行EVAR术的174例患者中,173例手术顺利,无中转开腹,1例术中死亡,1例术后死亡。术中封闭单侧髂内动脉29例中有2例出现同侧臀肌轻度疼痛,行走疼痛加重,跛行距离100m,5例出现同侧下肢乏力,间歇性跛行100～200m;封闭双侧髂内动脉10例中有4例术后出现臀肌轻度疼痛,跛行距离200m,均采用扩血管、祛聚保守治疗后2～4周疼痛症状好转,间歇性跛行距离均大于500m,无臀肌坏死发生,无再行介入或外科干预治疗,随访期间跛行距离逐渐增加500～1000m,余未诉特殊不适。结论 EVAR术封闭髂内动脉后臀肌和下肢不同程度缺血,经保守扩血管和祛聚治疗可以缓解,但一定程度会影响患者生活质量,封闭双侧髂内动脉或一侧均应宜慎重。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的危险因素分析

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复手术(endovascular repair,EVAR)后髂支闭塞的危险因素。方法对2008年1月至2018年3月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院诊治的146例腹主动脉瘤EVAR病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按髂支闭塞情况分为闭塞组和非闭塞组,在单因素分析后,行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 146例病人术后髂支闭塞17例(11.6%),两组间差异有检验效应(P<0.05)的因素为:合并高脂血症、慢性支气管炎,中性粒细胞百分比,活化部分凝血活酶时间,凝血酶比率,手术入路为切开显露,手术时间(min),右髂总动脉直径分层(≤12 mm、12～16 mm、≥16 mm),髂动脉狭窄或钙化≥50%,髂动脉扭曲成角≥60°,术后髂动脉流出道狭窄,髂内动脉流出道闭塞,支架远端延伸到髂外动脉。行多因素Logistic回归分析,EVAR术后髂支闭塞危险因素(OR>1)为:髂动脉狭窄或钙化≥50%[OR=7.727,95%CI(1.045,57.149),P=0.045];髂动脉扭曲成角≥60°[OR=5.258,95%CI(1.055,26.198),P=0.0...     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中髂动脉瘤的处理策略

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤的腔内修复术(EVAR)方法。方法:回顾性分析2007年8月—2014年3月35例腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤行EVAR术患者资料,其中9例合并单侧髂内动脉瘤,1例合并双侧髂内动脉瘤,14例合并单侧髂总动脉瘤(直径18 mm),11例合并双侧髂总动脉瘤,所用腔内技术包括栓塞髂内动脉瘤后覆盖,髂内动脉瘤单纯覆盖,"喇叭口"支架,以及"三明治"技术重建一侧髂内动脉等。结果:所有腔内技术均获得成功,手术时间(125±40)min,出血量(173±65)m L。术中发现内漏8例(22.9%),其中I型内漏4例(近端2例,远端2例)均经球囊扩张后内漏消失,III型内漏1例,经扩张及部分加弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,II型内漏2例及IV型内漏1例,均未予处理。35例术后随访6~60个月,无动脉瘤破裂,2例术后6个月发现腹主动脉瘤体增大,造影确诊远端I型内漏,经弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,其余33例瘤体直径无增大。结论:对于合并髂动脉瘤的腹主动脉瘤患者,有效处理髂内动脉,然后根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的治疗方法可以达到理想的近期效果。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞的腔内处理

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复(endovascular aneurysm repair, EVAR)术后髂支闭塞的腔内再手术效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月～2023年3月6例EVAR术后髂支闭塞的资料。均行同侧股动脉切开Fogaty取栓、髂支球囊扩张,其中3例联合支架植入,1例联合Rotarex腘动脉取栓。结果 6例髂支闭塞再通率100%(6/6)。术后中位随访时间24个月(6～48个月)。5例术后下肢缺血症状消失(Rutherford 0级),1例膝下缺血、干性坏疽(RutherfordⅢ级)。结论对于EVAR术后髂支闭塞,需仔细分析原因,选择个体化腔内治疗方案。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞治疗策略的单中心经验

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤患者腹主动脉腔内修复术（endovascular aortic repair,EVAR）后髂支闭塞的原因和治疗策略。方法 回顾性分析佛山市第一人民医院2010年1月至2022年1月收治的15例EVAR术后髂支闭塞的病例资料。结果 14例患者采取手术治疗,技术成功率为100%;1例采取药物保守治疗,患者症状得到改善或消失。患者术后随访6～36个月,平均（20.3±6.8）个月,1例患者死于脑卒中,无再发髂支闭塞、截肢等严重不良事件发生。结论 EVAR术后发生髂支闭塞并不少见。如发生髂支闭塞,需仔细分析原因并及时处理,综合患者情况选择合适的治疗方案。     

双套腹主动脉分支支架对腹主动脉瘤合并双侧髂动脉瘤的近期疗效

<正>腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)是由于腹主动脉退行性变而产生的动脉瘤样扩张,主动脉腔内修复术(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)已成为腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)的主要治疗方式,11%～12%的AAA合并双侧髂总动脉瘤(common iliac aneurysm,CIA)^[1]。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术中髂动脉的处理

目的:总结腹主动脉瘤(AAA)行腔内隔绝术时髂动脉的处理方式。方法:2004年7月至2010年11月共对43例瘤体累及单侧或双侧髂动脉分叉的AAA行腔内隔绝术,其中单侧髂动脉分叉受累27例,双侧髂动脉分叉受累16例。根据髂动脉病变情况,分别采取髂内动脉单纯覆盖、髂内动脉栓塞后覆盖、髂动脉外环结扎、一侧髂内动脉重建等不同的处理方法。结果:所有病例均操作成功,手术结束时无Ⅰ型内漏存在。术后出现臀部间歇性跛行6例(14.0%),便血1例(2.3%),无病例发生臀部或会阴部皮肤坏死、肠坏死及死亡。结论:术中避免同时封闭双侧髂内动脉,尽量保留一侧髂内动脉是很重要的。     

Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Complicated by Persistent Endotension After Endovascular Repair: Report of a Case

Endoleak and endotension may prevent the successful exclusion of an aneurysm after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The pressurization in the excluded aneurysm sac caused by endotension may lead to rupture of the aneurysm; however, the cause of endotension and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We report a case of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) complicated by persistent endotension after EVAR. Although no endoleaks were found on conventional double-phase computed tomographic scans, a thrombosed endoleak existed in the side branch and attachment site of the endograft. After treating the undetectable thrombosed endoleaks, physical examination revealed that the pressure of the excluded aneurysm had diminished, with shrinkage of the aneurysm. This case report suggests that a high-pressure undetectable type I or type II endoleak could be a major cause of endotension. Thus, postoperative evaluation of the attachment site of an endograft is important after EVAR.     

Length Measurements of the Aorta After Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

BACKGROUND: successful endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) generally leads to a decrease in aneurysm size. Theoretically, this may lead to foreshortening of the excluded segment. If so, vertically rigid endografts may dislocate over time and cover renal or hypogastric arteries. AIM: to assess length changes of the infrarenal aorta after endovascular AAA exclusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: forty-four consecutive patients were scheduled for the EndoVascular Technologies endograft, a vertically non-rigid prosthesis which would potentially accommodate longitudinal changes. Twenty-four patients had completed at least 6 months of follow-up. In 18/24 patients a decrease in size was established by aneurysm volume measurements at 6 months' follow-up. Helical computer tomography (CT) angiograms were processed on a workstation. Aortic lengths were measured along the central lumen line from the lower renal artery orifice to the native aortic bifurcation. The computer tomography angiogram (CTA) reconstruction thickness of 2 mm yields at least a 4-mm error for each length measurement. RESULTS: in the shrinking aneurysm group, the median length change was 0 mm (range -9 mm to +4 mm) at 6 months' follow-up (n =18) and also 0 mm (range -7 mm to +4 mm) at 12 months' follow-up ( n =10). In 16/18 patients, length changes remained within the measurement error range of 4 mm. CONCLUSION: in this group of shrinking aneurysms after endovascular AAA repair, foreshortening of the excluded aortic segment appears not to be a clinically significant problem.     

Surgery for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with an Aortocaval and Iliac Vein Fistula

The purpose of this study was evaluate the operative procedure and outcome of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients with aortocaval fistula (ACF) and iliac vein fistula. From 1982 through 2004, we experienced five AAA patients associated with spontaneous aortocaval and aortoiliac venous fistula who underwent repair of AAA. Three patients were in hypovolemic shock, including one patient with cardiopulmonary arrest on admission who required cardiopulmonary resuscitation before surgery. These three ACF patients with hypovolemic shock underwent emergency operation and two patients with stable hemodynamic state underwent urgent operation. One of two ACF patients with stable condition was associated with unstable angina. One AAA patient with ACF-complicated angina underwent AAA repair with coronary artery bypass grafting; the remaining four patients underwent 3 bifurcated graft and 1 tube graft implantation. All surgical treatment of the fistula included direct closure within the aorta under digital compression in four patients and inferior vena cava clamp in one. The mortality rate was 25%. One ACF patient with retroperitoneal hematoma died of bleeding. Survival for ACF depends on early diagnosis and prompt surgical repair. Aortocaval fistula complicated with a rupture of aneurysm into retroperitoneal space had a severe fatal prognosis compared with uncomplicated ACF.     

Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Aortocaval Fistula

OBJECTIVES: To examine the risk of high-flow type II endoleak following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula. DESIGN: Case reports. SUBJECTS: Two patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms with aortocaval fistula. METHODS: Both patients had an endovascular repair of their aortic aneurysms. RESULTS: The aneurysms were successfully treated in both patients, without any endoleak on completion angiography. Apart from a transient type II lumbar endoleak in one of the patients, no endoleak was found after 3 and 12 month follow-up. Seven other cases have been published, reporting one type II and one type Ic endoleak. CONCLUSION: We found no evidence that endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula is associated with a higher incidence of persistent endoleak.     

盐酸沙格雷酯在腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后防治臀肌和下肢缺血的初步观察

目的观察盐酸沙格雷酯在腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后防治臀肌和下肢缺血的作用。方法回顾性收集我院血管外科2006年1月至2011年1月期间收治的腹主动脉瘤行腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗的患者174例,年龄(71.8±8.2)岁,其中男148例,女26例。腹主动脉瘤直径(55.2±12.9)mm,累及髂总动脉52例(29.9%)。EVAR治疗方法包括置入分叉型人工血管支架169例(97.1%),单臂型5例(2.9%)。其中术中封闭单侧髂内动脉29例,封闭双侧髂内动脉10例,术后均口服盐酸沙格雷酯100 mg,3次/d,阿司匹林100 mg,1次/d 2～4周。随访观察术后患者臀肌和下肢发生缺血情况。结果全部病例行EVAR术顺利,无中转开腹;行全身麻醉88例(50.6%),硬膜外阻滞麻醉52例(29.9%),局部麻醉34例(19.5%);术中失血量为(125.2±43.1)ml,术中无输血,手术时间为(145.5±38.7)min;术后ICU观察时间和禁食时间分别为(14.7±5.2)h和(7.2±4.3)h;术后平均住院时间为(9.1±2.7)d。围手术期并发症发生率为12.6%(22/174),术后30 d死亡率为1.1%(2/174)。术中封闭单侧髂内动脉29例中2例出现同侧臀肌轻度疼痛,行走疼痛加重,跛行距离100 m,5例出现同侧下肢乏力,间歇性跛行距离100～200 m;封闭双侧髂内动脉10例中4例术后出现臀肌轻度疼痛,跛行距离200 m,均采用口服盐酸沙格雷酯和阿司匹林扩血管、祛聚治疗后2～4周好转,间歇性跛行距离均大于500 m,无臀肌坏死发生,无再行介入或外科干预治疗,中位随访时间16.1个月,未诉特殊不适。结论盐酸沙格雷酯在EVAR术后防治臀肌和下肢缺血疗效满意,尤其适合于封闭双侧或一侧髂内动脉和合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞者。     

分支型覆膜支架修复腹主、双髂动脉瘤1例报告

本文报道2012年2月使用分支型覆膜支架成功治疗1例腹主动脉瘤同时伴有双侧髂动脉瘤病例。术后1个月复查,动脉瘤隔绝良好,腹主动脉和双髂动脉瘤腔内均形成血栓,无内漏发生,支架形态位置良好,左侧髂内动脉血流通畅。     

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Coexistent Horseshoe Kidney

Surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) concomitant with a horseshoe kidney (HSK) may be technically demanding because of the complex anomalies of the kidney and of its collecting system and arteries, the greater risk of HSK-related complications, and the often unexpected intraoperative finding of HSK itself. We reviewed a database of more than 500 patients with AAA observed in our surgical department from 1994 to the time of writing. Five patients had AAA concomitant with HSK. Two of these patients did not undergo surgery because of the small dimension of the aneurysm or because of their poor health. The other three underwent successful repair of AAA with different techniques; namely, an aortobifemoral bypass via a thoracoabdominal retroperitoneal incision in one, a straight graft via an emergency median laparotomy in one, and an endovascular repair followed by open surgery 4 years later for endotension in one. Abnormal minor renal arteries were deliberately occluded and only one of these caused a minor renal infarct, but without functional impairment. These data and a review of the literature indicate that HSK should not preclude repair of coexistent AAA, as imaging procedures provide the information necessary to plan the best approach for each patient. Up-to-date surgical procedures, a posteriori retroperitoneal approach or endovascular repair, and deliberate occlusion of the minor renal arteries appear feasible and safe as they avoid most of the anatomical problems and provide results equivalent to those of uncomplicated aortic surgery.