上海市某社区婴儿缺铁性贫血影响因素研究

[目的]探讨上海市某社区6月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血发生情况及其影响因素。[方法]对上海市某社区2007年1月至2009年6月出生的190例6月龄婴儿进行血红蛋白检测与相关因素调查。[结果]该社区6月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血的患病率为21.58%,经单因素分析与多因素Logistic回归分析,婴儿喂养方式和4~6个月是否添加辅食是婴儿缺铁性贫血的重要影响因素,6个月内纯母乳喂养和4~6个月未添加辅食的OR值分别为3.0和19.8。[结论]在提倡母乳喂养的同时,应注意合理添加辅食和适时补充铁元素,以减少婴儿缺铁性贫血的发生。     

2002年北京市2岁以内婴幼儿营养与喂养状况调查

目的了解北京市2岁以内婴幼儿出生时营养、母乳喂养与辅食添加状况,为政府制定儿童营养政策提供依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,于2002年8至11月在北京市18个区县进行抽样调查。在取得知情同意的情况下,对422名2岁以内婴幼儿的家长进行面对面询问调查。结果北京市平均婴儿出生体重为3325g,低体重出生率和巨大儿出生率分别为2．8％和13．0％;4月龄内婴儿母乳喂养率、混合喂养率和人工喂养率分别为56．6％、33．9％和9．5％,城区混合喂养率明显高于郊区;婴幼儿平均断奶月龄为7．4个月;6月龄及以上婴幼儿的辅食添加率为99．4％,城区和郊区婴幼儿各类辅食的添加顺序一致,但郊区婴幼儿的辅食添加时间晚于城区,且蔬菜水果、水产品、食用油的添加频率低于城区。结论北京地区新生儿体格发育良好,应在社区加强婴幼儿喂养的健康教育,提高母乳喂养率,适当延长母乳喂养时间,并适时添加各类辅食。     

秦淮区婴儿母乳喂养及辅食喂养状况分析

目的 分析南京市秦淮区母乳喂养现状、婴儿辅食添加现状及与生长发育的关系.方法 采用横断面研究方法 ,以2009年秦淮区儿童体格发育调查中1～12个月的婴儿为研究对象,通过现场询问获得母乳喂养与辅食添加信息.结果 ①秦淮区1～3、4～5、6～12个月婴儿的母乳喂养率城区分别为89.3%、83.1%、35.7%;②婴儿5个月内以完全母乳喂养为主,6～8个月以混合喂养为主,8个月后人工喂养成为主要喂养方式;③1～3、4～5、6～12个月婴儿辅食添加率分别为9.6%、80.0%、96.53%,蛋类、水果、粥的添加时间最早,肉、鱼、面食次之,豆制品添加最晚;④4月龄以上添加多种辅食组体格发育指标高于添加单一辅食组,年龄别体重、年龄别身长的Z分值在4～5、6～12个月婴儿辅食添加种类的比较差异有统计学意义(F分别为1.19、2.11、0.62、1.13,均P<0.05).结论 ①秦淮区1岁内婴儿的主要喂养方式为母乳喂养,母乳是5个月内婴儿的主要食物来源;②多数家长均能按照国内推荐的喂养建议进行辅食添加;③辅食添加种类与生长发育有关.     

贵州部分农村地区2岁以下儿童母乳喂养及辅食添加现状分析

目的 :评估贵州部分农村地区 2岁以下儿童母乳喂养及辅食添加现状 ,找出影响因素。方法 :定量调查样本村有 2岁以下儿童的母亲 ;将母乳喂养和辅食添加的多项指标与全国资料比较。结果 :纯母乳喂养率低于全国10 .2 2个百分点 ;断奶集中分布在 12月龄、 18月龄。辅食添加过早率、每周既不能吃肉也不能吃蛋率排位在全国前列。结论 :山区农村儿童喂养状况较差 ,与文化、经济、传统观念等因素有关 ,4个月内纯母乳喂养可减少肺炎、腹泻发生 ;开展社区健康教育、普及科学育儿知识是改善贫困地区儿童营养的重要措施。     

北京市高碑店地区9月龄婴儿喂养情况分析

目的 了解北京市朝阳区高碑店地区9月龄婴儿喂养现状,分析该地区婴儿喂养中存在的问题。方法 采用横断面调查,使用联合国儿童基金会标准化问卷,对北京市朝阳区高碑店地区529名9月龄婴儿的喂养情况进行调查,分析世界卫生组织(WHO)2008年版《婴幼儿喂养评估指标》中的8个指标。结果 调查地区早开奶率为64.9%,9个月时持续母乳喂养率为92.5%,适龄喂养率(即6个月以下进行纯母乳喂养,6~9月的婴儿在母乳喂养的同时添加辅食)为75.0%,辅食添加种类合格率为64.1%,但9月龄母乳喂养婴儿辅食添加频率合格率仅为17.6%,且辅食合理添加率仅为14.2%。结论 调查地区婴儿中母乳喂养情况较好,但存在适龄喂养率较低及辅食种类和辅食添加频率偏少的问题,应引起重视。     

韶关市0～2岁系统管理儿童营养性贫血监测分析

对韶关市区儿保门诊系统管理的2001年出生的婴儿进行贫血监测分析。结果780名系统管理儿6月龄、1岁和2岁时的贫血患病率分别为24．48％、19．08％和11.05％，混合喂养和辅食添加过晚者贫血患病率分别高于母乳喂养和辅食添加及时者。提示进一步提高6月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养率，及时添加含铁丰富的辅食是预防小儿营养性贫血的关键。     

6月龄内纯母乳喂养与6月龄后及时合理添加辅食同等重要

母乳喂养(尤其是初乳喂养)是婴儿接受的"第一次免疫",有助于免疫器官(如胸腺)的早期发育,也是保护儿童生命和降低死亡率的最经济有效的方法.婴儿6月龄后的辅食添加是婴幼儿科学喂养的重要组成部分,除了补充营养和微量营养素,还可以锻炼手眼口协调动作发育、感知食物质地与味道的能力,为婴儿顺利过渡到家庭膳食做准备,而且辅食添加是训练婴儿自主进食的重要过程.世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)及世界上大多数国家均倡导、鼓励、支持出生后6个月内纯母乳喂养婴儿,6个月后继续母乳喂养到2岁或更长时间的同时,应及时合理添加辅食,因此母乳喂养与及时合理添加辅食是互为补充的统一体.     

6月龄内纯母乳喂养与6月龄后及时合理添加辅食同等重要

母乳喂养(尤其是初乳喂养)是婴儿接受的"第一次免疫",有助于免疫器官(如胸腺)的早期发育,也是保护儿童生命和降低死亡率的最经济有效的方法.婴儿6月龄后的辅食添加是婴幼儿科学喂养的重要组成部分,除了补充营养和微量营养素,还可以锻炼手眼口协调动作发育、感知食物质地与味道的能力,为婴儿顺利过渡到家庭膳食做准备,而且辅食添加是训练婴儿自主进食的重要过程.世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)及世界上大多数国家均倡导、鼓励、支持出生后6个月内纯母乳喂养婴儿,6个月后继续母乳喂养到2岁或更长时间的同时,应及时合理添加辅食,因此母乳喂养与及时合理添加辅食是互为补充的统一体.     

婴儿辅食添加与生长发育情况分析

【目的】 了解成都市城区婴儿辅食添加情况,比较不同辅食添加时间对婴幼儿体格发育的影响。【方法】 回顾性收集2009年1-12月出生并在四川省妇幼保健院儿童保健科门诊定期体检的婴儿资料,纵向监测其体重、身长等各项指标及辅食添加情况。【结果】 91.78%的婴儿在4~6月龄时添加辅食;78.6%的婴儿家长选择了谷类食物为添加的第一种辅食; 4~6月龄添加辅食组婴儿的身长、体重指标在4、6、12月龄时均高于小于4月龄添加辅食组,小于4月龄添加辅食组婴儿在生后4个月内身长、体重的月增值小于4~6月添加辅食组。【结论】 成都市城区婴儿存在部分婴儿辅食添加时间和第一种辅食选择不正确的问题,辅食添加时间与体格发育有关。     

0～24月龄婴幼儿喂养状况分析

目的 获取调查地区0~24月龄婴幼儿的喂养情况,为进一步的营养干预提供参考依据.方法 以北京、长治、黄冈、苏州和南宁为研究地,在五地妇幼保健院儿保门诊对婴幼儿父母进行问卷调查,结果输入计算机进行分析.结果 受访婴幼儿4月龄纯母乳喂养率为55.2%,6月龄纯母乳喂养率降至19.0%.断奶月龄中位数是8个月,断奶的主要原因是"母乳不足"、"家长认为应该断奶了"和"母亲上班".未满6月龄即添加辅食的婴幼儿占69.1%,6月龄时添加的为20.5%,10.4%的婴幼儿6月龄后才添加;城市婴幼儿在水果(χ2=4.366,P=0.037)、蔬菜(χ2=6.562,P=0.010)、肉类(χ2=10.812,P=0.001)和鱼虾类(χ2=20.208,P<0.001)4种辅食的添加率上显著高于农村.结论 调查地区纯母乳喂养率较低,母乳喂养持续时间短;辅食添加状况有待改善.     

Factors Associated with (Exclusive) Breastfeeding Duration—Results of the SUKIE-Study

The WHO European Region has the lowest exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates at 6 months in the world. In Austria, 55.5% of infants are EBF at the age of one week, although breastfeeding initiation is 97.5%. The study was conducted in 2019/2020 and considered 1214 mothers of legal age, who received four online questionnaires during their child’s first year of life. The influence of different variables on total/exclusive breastfeeding duration were analysed by using a Cox model (Extension of the Cox Proportional Hazards Model) with time-dependent covariates. Multivariate analyses showed a significant influence of maternal BMI, lifestyle factors, such as smoking, and breastfeeding support on total breastfeeding duration. Remarkable differences in the median duration of any breastfeeding were found for breastfeeding support, where mothers breastfed twice as long. Support came primarily from hospital staff, the midwife and the partner. A higher monthly household net income, delivery in a baby-friendly certified hospital (BFH) and breastfeeding support were associated with a longer EBF duration. Obese mothers started feeding infant formula earlier and had a higher risk of early weaning. The results offer valuable insights into the importance of breastfeeding-friendly structures such as BFHs, a focus on breastfeeding aftercare and support of the mother to promote and protect breastfeeding.     

Breastfeeding Practices and Determinant Factors of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers of Children Aged 0–23 Months in Northwestern Romania

In terms of breastfeeding (BF) practices in Romania, there is a lack of up-to-date data. The aim of the present study was to assess current BF practices, and to investigate the factors associated with exclusive BF (EBF) under 6 months of age in northwestern Romania. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 1399 mothers of children aged 0–23 months, recruited between March and June 2019, from the community. BF practices were evaluated based on the World Health Organization indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices, whereas determinants of EBF were explored using logistic regression models. Almost all mothers (95.7%) breastfed their child at least once. The EBF rate was 46.7%, the continued BF rate at one year of age was 54.2%, and the continued BF rate at 2 years of age was 30.3%. The place of delivery and parental leave duration were strong determinants of EBF. The improving rates observed in this study for all the BF practices assessed suggest the continuation of efforts to develop effective national policies and programs for promoting, protecting, and supporting BF in Romania. Particular emphasis should be given to the creation in maternity hospitals of an environment that is supportive towards breastfeeding.     

住院期间母乳喂养服务对产褥期纯母乳喂养行为的影响

目的 分析上海市某区产妇住院期间母乳喂养服务对产褥期纯母乳喂养行为的影响。 方法 在全区随机抽取13家社区卫生中心中的5家儿保门诊,招募1月龄的婴儿母亲进行问卷调查。 结果 共收集到合格问卷456份,住院期间母婴同室率为96.1%;11.4%没有使用奶瓶、奶粉;45.2%的婴儿产后1 h内吸吮母乳,分娩后30 min内开始母婴早接触率为47.6%。住院期间纯母乳喂养率23.9%,1月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养率55.3%。多元logistics回归分析显示,出生后第一口食物为母乳的婴儿在出生后一个月的纯母乳喂养率较高(aOR=1.932,95%CI:1.254～2.978,P=0.003)。分娩后30 min内进行母婴接触的婴儿在出生后一个月的纯母乳喂养率较高(aOR=1.624,95%CI:1.033～2.552,P=0.036)。 结论 住院期间母乳喂养服务与产褥期纯母乳喂养行为密切相关,需加强爱婴医院长效管理机制的落实,提升母乳喂养服务质量,提高纯母乳喂养率。     

Psychosocial factors underlying the mother's decision to continue exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months: an elicitation study

Background:  Despite numerous benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for infants and mothers, a significant decrease in the EBF rate in the USA at six months compared to the rate at birth suggests that reasons for initiation and continuation of EBF may differ. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore psychosocial factors underlying the continued EBF behaviour for six months, in order to identify salient belief structures according to the theory of planned behaviour.
Methods:  Participants were recruited from central Indiana in the USA. They were asked to respond to an open-ended questionnaire designed to elicit positive/negative consequences, approving/disapproving social referents, and easy/difficult circumstances in continuing EBF for six months. Responses were translated into behavioural, normative, and control beliefs of the theory.
Results:  Findings suggest that respondents (1) value emotional and health benefits of continued EBF for six months; (2) feel the approval from family and friends but disapproval from the society; (3) view health professional's position as positive and negative.
Conclusions:  Breastfeeding educators can more likely improve the EBF duration by addressing these salient beliefs. Identified beliefs provide a basis for the development of a quantitative instrument to further study the EBF behaviour.     

Relationship between Child Care Exhaustion and Breastfeeding Type at Two and Six Months in a Cohort of 1210 Japanese Mothers

This study investigated whether parenting stress is associated with breastfeeding type (exclusive or partial). Between 2014 and 2019, we recruited 1210 healthy mothers (mean age, 31.2 years; 65%, multiparity) from 73 obstetric institutions across all prefectures of Japan. Among these, 1120 mothers at two months and 1035 mothers at six months were investigated for parenting stress and breastfeeding type: exclusive versus otherwise (partial). Parenting stress was measured by a validated Japanese scale consisting of childcare exhaustion, worry about child’s development, and no partner support. Exclusive breastfeeding prevalence was 75% at two and 78% at six months. The total scores for childcare exhaustion and worry about child development were statistically higher in the partial breastfeeding group than in the exclusive breastfeeding group at two months but not at six months. A logistic regression model demonstrated that childcare exhaustion was significantly associated with an increased risk of having partial breastfeeding at two months after adjusting for the maternal Body Mass Index, parity, and baby’s current weight. However, the association was no longer significant at six months. The present study suggests that intervention for parenting stress at two months postpartum may promote prolonged exclusive breastfeeding.     

铜陵市4个月内婴儿母乳喂养情况调查分析

目的了解铜陵市4个月内婴儿母乳喂养情况,为制定干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查分析方法,以2009年6月至2010年12月在铜陵市妇幼保健院儿童保健科门诊初次体检,月龄在4个月内的婴儿作为调查对象,通过现场询问获得母乳喂养情况,并进行相关因素分析。结果①铜陵市4个月内婴儿母乳喂养率占82．2％,纯母乳喂养率占54．6％,随着婴儿月龄的增长,母乳喂养率有所下降,母亲产后半小时内开奶率为29．3％;②不同的分娩方式、开奶时间、月龄、居住地及父亲和母亲文化程度的婴儿喂养状况均存在差异（χ2值分别为27．20、25．38、29．43、20．67、10．62、15．14,均P〈0．05）。结论母乳喂养是铜陵市4个月内婴儿的主要喂养方式,早开奶率较低,因此应进一步加强爱婴医院管理,做好健康教育,以提高纯母乳喂养率,促进儿童的身心健康发展。     

Impact of the Lactation Advice Through Texting Can Help (LATCH) Trial on Time to First Contact and Exclusive Breastfeeding among WIC Participants

Objective

Determine the impact of a 2-way text messaging intervention on time to contact between participants and their breastfeeding peer counselors (BFPCs) and on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) status at 2 weeks and 3 months postpartum.

Effects of hospital policies and practices on initiation and duration of breastfeeding

Background   The aim of this study was to verify if hospital policies and practices, independently of main maternal sociodemographic determinants, influence initiation and duration of breastfeeding.
Methods   The study was carried out at the Immunization Centre of Messina where all infants born in the four maternity wards of Messina are vaccinated, using a structured questionnaire, constructed in conformity with the methodology suggested by the WHO.
Results   Data analysis, performed by non-parametric and multivariate analysis of variance and by Kaplan–Meier curves, showed that the highest probability rate ( P  < 0.001) of initiation and duration of breastfeeding, independently of maternal age, parity, education levels, smoke and work was found in infants born in a University Hospital, characterized by earlier times of first suckling, longer hospital stay and higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge.
Conclusion   Our data emphasize the role and responsibility of hospital policies and practices in the promotion, and in the duration of breastfeeding.