腔内血管成形术治疗膝下动脉缺血的临床研究

目的 评价腔内血管成形术(PTA)治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病的疗效及通畅情况.方法 对47例(54肢)膝下动脉缺血患者进行膝下动脉缺血PTA,将其治疗前后踝眩指数(ABI)、治疗后临床疗效及动脉通畅率等进行统计学分析.结果 全组术前ABI平均值为O.34±O.04;术后14天为O.86±O.03.本组无围手术期死亡,术后并发症发生率为7.7%,其动脉累积通畅率1年、2年一期通畅率分别为88.5%及65.2%;二期通畅率分别为96.2%及83.3%;救肢率为100%.结论 PTA作为膝下动脉缺血的治疗方法是可行、安全、有效的,推荐PTA作为首选的治疗方法,其长期通畅性有待进一步观察.     

膝下动脉腔内成形术的技术进展与评价

随着人们生活水平的提高,动脉硬化的发生率正在逐年升高,糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的发病率也同样迅速增加,糖尿病膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞是引起重症下肢缺血和截肢的主要原因之一。以往膝下自体静脉（或人工血管）旁路术一直是膝下动脉闭塞的主要治疗方式,但是近些年膝下动脉腔内成形术正成为膝下动脉病变治疗的主流之一,本文重点关注膝下动脉腔内成形术的技术进展,并对各种技术进行评价。     

膝下血管成形术治疗重症肢体缺血的临床疗效

目的评价膝下经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)治疗重症肢体缺血(CLI)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析48例(50条患肢)接受膝下PTA治疗的下肢CLI患者,统计PTA的技术成功率、围术期并发症、PTA术后的缺血症状缓解情况、治疗血管的通畅情况和大截肢情况。结果共针对64条膝下动脉施行PTA,技术成功率为85.94%(55/64);围术期并发症发生率为12.50%(6/48)。平均随访(16.25±2.65)个月;PTA术后1、3、6、12、24、36个月的1期血管通畅率分别为92.0%、85.7%、79.0%、75.8%、59.8%、29.9%;保肢率分别为92.0%、92.0%、89.7%、86.4%、82.1%、72.9%。50条患肢中,1、3、6个月时的缺血症状缓解率分别为42.00%(21/50)、70.21%(33/47)和86.36%(38/44)。结论膝下PTA治疗CLI技术可行,安全性高,能有效缓解CLI的静息痛症状、促进肢体溃疡的愈合,避免大截肢的发生。     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

目的 探讨内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血的技术可行性、通畅率和临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2008年8月应用内膜下血管成形术(subintimal angioplasty,SIA)治疗的112例患者的122条动脉硬化闭塞患肢的临床资料,动脉闭塞平均长度为10.25 cm(4.5～28 cm),其中23条肢体为生活方式受限性间歇性跛行,99条为严重性缺血.详细纪录患者的病史、病变特点、操作技术过程、并发症和随访信息.采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法分析患肢通畅率和临床效果(救肢和症状改善).结果 SIA技术成功率为83%,成功进行SIA的患者平均踝肱指数从0.19±0.11增加到0.67±0.29(P<0.01),1年、2年冉管化通道的通畅率和临床有效率分别是54%±5%、45%±4%和82%±5%、79%±4%.没有严重后果的并发症发生. 结论 SIA技术成功率高,临床效果满意,本组无严重并发症,是一种治疗下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞所致慢性缺血较好可供选择的治疗手段.     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

Objective To assess the technical feasibility, patency and outcomes of subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for treatment of the lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusions. Methods During the period from December 2003 to August 2008, 122 lower extremities with arteriosclerosis occlusions (median length, 10.25 cm;range, 4.5 to 28 cm) were treated on an intention-to-cure basis with SIA. Twenty-three lower extremities had disabling claudication and ninety-nine had limb-threatening ischemia. Patient history, demographics, procedural details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage, sustained improvement in claudication was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The technical success rate of SIA was 83%. Following successful SIA, the mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.19±0.11 to 0.67±0.29 (P<0.01). Primary patency at 12 and 24 months was 54%±5% and 45%±4% respectively, the clinical effective rates (rates of limb salvage and improvement in claudication) at 12 and 24 months were 82%±5% and 79%±4% respectively. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion In a selected group of patients, SIA is feasible with a high technical success rate and the clinical effective rates are satisfactory, there were no severe complications. SIA is a good treatment alternative in patients suffering from chronic ischemia with arteriosclerosis occlusions in the lower extremity.     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

Objective To assess the technical feasibility, patency and outcomes of subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for treatment of the lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusions. Methods During the period from December 2003 to August 2008, 122 lower extremities with arteriosclerosis occlusions (median length, 10.25 cm;range, 4.5 to 28 cm) were treated on an intention-to-cure basis with SIA. Twenty-three lower extremities had disabling claudication and ninety-nine had limb-threatening ischemia. Patient history, demographics, procedural details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage, sustained improvement in claudication was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The technical success rate of SIA was 83%. Following successful SIA, the mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.19±0.11 to 0.67±0.29 (P<0.01). Primary patency at 12 and 24 months was 54%±5% and 45%±4% respectively, the clinical effective rates (rates of limb salvage and improvement in claudication) at 12 and 24 months were 82%±5% and 79%±4% respectively. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion In a selected group of patients, SIA is feasible with a high technical success rate and the clinical effective rates are satisfactory, there were no severe complications. SIA is a good treatment alternative in patients suffering from chronic ischemia with arteriosclerosis occlusions in the lower extremity.     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

Objective To assess the technical feasibility, patency and outcomes of subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for treatment of the lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusions. Methods During the period from December 2003 to August 2008, 122 lower extremities with arteriosclerosis occlusions (median length, 10.25 cm;range, 4.5 to 28 cm) were treated on an intention-to-cure basis with SIA. Twenty-three lower extremities had disabling claudication and ninety-nine had limb-threatening ischemia. Patient history, demographics, procedural details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage, sustained improvement in claudication was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The technical success rate of SIA was 83%. Following successful SIA, the mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.19±0.11 to 0.67±0.29 (P<0.01). Primary patency at 12 and 24 months was 54%±5% and 45%±4% respectively, the clinical effective rates (rates of limb salvage and improvement in claudication) at 12 and 24 months were 82%±5% and 79%±4% respectively. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion In a selected group of patients, SIA is feasible with a high technical success rate and the clinical effective rates are satisfactory, there were no severe complications. SIA is a good treatment alternative in patients suffering from chronic ischemia with arteriosclerosis occlusions in the lower extremity.     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

Objective To assess the technical feasibility, patency and outcomes of subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for treatment of the lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusions. Methods During the period from December 2003 to August 2008, 122 lower extremities with arteriosclerosis occlusions (median length, 10.25 cm;range, 4.5 to 28 cm) were treated on an intention-to-cure basis with SIA. Twenty-three lower extremities had disabling claudication and ninety-nine had limb-threatening ischemia. Patient history, demographics, procedural details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage, sustained improvement in claudication was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The technical success rate of SIA was 83%. Following successful SIA, the mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.19±0.11 to 0.67±0.29 (P<0.01). Primary patency at 12 and 24 months was 54%±5% and 45%±4% respectively, the clinical effective rates (rates of limb salvage and improvement in claudication) at 12 and 24 months were 82%±5% and 79%±4% respectively. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion In a selected group of patients, SIA is feasible with a high technical success rate and the clinical effective rates are satisfactory, there were no severe complications. SIA is a good treatment alternative in patients suffering from chronic ischemia with arteriosclerosis occlusions in the lower extremity.     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

Objective To assess the technical feasibility, patency and outcomes of subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for treatment of the lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusions. Methods During the period from December 2003 to August 2008, 122 lower extremities with arteriosclerosis occlusions (median length, 10.25 cm;range, 4.5 to 28 cm) were treated on an intention-to-cure basis with SIA. Twenty-three lower extremities had disabling claudication and ninety-nine had limb-threatening ischemia. Patient history, demographics, procedural details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage, sustained improvement in claudication was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The technical success rate of SIA was 83%. Following successful SIA, the mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.19±0.11 to 0.67±0.29 (P<0.01). Primary patency at 12 and 24 months was 54%±5% and 45%±4% respectively, the clinical effective rates (rates of limb salvage and improvement in claudication) at 12 and 24 months were 82%±5% and 79%±4% respectively. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion In a selected group of patients, SIA is feasible with a high technical success rate and the clinical effective rates are satisfactory, there were no severe complications. SIA is a good treatment alternative in patients suffering from chronic ischemia with arteriosclerosis occlusions in the lower extremity.     

内膜下血管成形术治疗下肢动脉慢性缺血

Objective To assess the technical feasibility, patency and outcomes of subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for treatment of the lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusions. Methods During the period from December 2003 to August 2008, 122 lower extremities with arteriosclerosis occlusions (median length, 10.25 cm;range, 4.5 to 28 cm) were treated on an intention-to-cure basis with SIA. Twenty-three lower extremities had disabling claudication and ninety-nine had limb-threatening ischemia. Patient history, demographics, procedural details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage, sustained improvement in claudication was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The technical success rate of SIA was 83%. Following successful SIA, the mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.19±0.11 to 0.67±0.29 (P<0.01). Primary patency at 12 and 24 months was 54%±5% and 45%±4% respectively, the clinical effective rates (rates of limb salvage and improvement in claudication) at 12 and 24 months were 82%±5% and 79%±4% respectively. No serious complications occurred. Conclusion In a selected group of patients, SIA is feasible with a high technical success rate and the clinical effective rates are satisfactory, there were no severe complications. SIA is a good treatment alternative in patients suffering from chronic ischemia with arteriosclerosis occlusions in the lower extremity.     

下肢动脉腔内成形治疗下肢动脉旁路移植后血管闭塞导致的严重缺血

目的探讨下肢动脉腔内成形治疗下肢动脉旁路移植后血管闭塞严重缺血的疗效。方法回顾分析2004年1月～2012年9月6例因下肢动脉旁路移植后血管闭塞出现严重缺血而接受下肢动脉腔内成形的临床资料。结果 6例技术均获成功,无并发症或严重心血管不良事件发生。随访时间1～79个月,平均23.5月。术后溃疡愈合,踝肱比值（ABI）0.90～1.07,患肢保存。结论初步观察,下肢动脉腔内成形治疗下肢动脉旁路移植后血管闭塞严重缺血,疗效满意。     

膝下动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗的效果分析

目的探讨经皮腔内血管成形结合支架植入术对膝下动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院2005年10月~2009年5月182例（210条肢体）膝下动脉硬化闭塞症的临床资料,采用常规或内膜下成形技术对狭窄或闭塞性病变进行球囊扩张,38条肢体在胫腓干植入冠脉支架。结果 195条肢体获得影像学成功（残余狭窄率〈30%）,技术成功率为92.9%（195/210）。并发症主要有动脉穿孔（3例）、痉挛（4例）、管壁夹层（6例）及穿刺点血肿（5例）,给予相应处理后缓解。182例术后肢体疼痛、麻凉感等临床症状均改善,踝/肱指数（AB I）由术前的0.40±0.11增至术后7 d的0.83±0.15（t=33.50,P〈0.0001）。术后6、12个月肢体血流通畅率分别为89.0%（187/210）和73.3%（154/210）,术后12个月肢体保全率和存活率分别为91.4%（192/210）、93.3%（196/210）。结论腔内治疗膝下动脉硬化闭塞症的临床成功率高、并发症少、保肢率高,是安全有效的治疗方法。     

膝下动脉血管成形术治疗糖尿病足

目的:研究小口径球囊(2～4mm)扩张膝下血管对糖尿病导致的下肢严重缺血(critica llimb ischaemia)的疗效。方法:对120例糖尿病导致的下肢严重缺血患者使用小口径球囊进行扩张。结果:成功地对110例患者进行了扩张,无严重并发症发生,成功率91.6%。踝肱指数平均0.85%。结论:小球囊扩张膝下血管对糖尿病导致的下肢严重缺血疗效显著,近期结果满意。     

经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变

目的评价经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病患者下肢缺血的疗效。方法回顾分析我科2008年5月～2012年3月经皮腔内血管成形术治疗2型糖尿病下肢缺血89例的l临床资料,记录其内科情况、股胭动脉TASC（泛大西洋协作组）Ⅱ分级、流出道评分、Rutherford分期以及术后30天并发症。随访计算一期通畅率（Kaplan—Meier）、分级情况、保肢率,观察其疗效。结果共89例108条患肢。年龄（70．5±8．6）岁。术前踝肱指数（ABI）中位数0．36（0～0．73）,术后1个月0．79（0．33～1．15,Z=-3．276,P=0．001）。术前胫腓动脉流出道评分中位数7．5分（3．5～10分）,术后即刻中位数6．0分（1．5～9分,Z=-2．948,P=0．003）。股胭及膝下胫腓动脉腔内血管成形术技术成功率分别为97．2％（105／108）和93．3％（98／105）。随访患者86例105条患肢。中位随访时间13个月（5～46个月）,随访期间死亡3例,均死于急性心肌梗死,随访率90．7％（78／86）。术后1年股胭动脉一期通畅率67．3％,胫腓动脉为56．3％,1年保肢率91．9％（34／37）,1年时症状缓解率83．3％（90／108）。结论经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病合并下肢动脉闭塞性病变症状缓解明显,有较高的保肢率,可以作为糖尿病合并下肢动脉闭塞性病变．特别是膝下病变治疗的首选．远期疗效有待讲一步观察．     

The Role of the Endovascular Surgeon for Lower Extremity Ischemia

Since the data investigating endovascular therapy performed by surgeons is scarce, we retrospectively reviewed our experience of endovascular procedures performed by vascular surgeons in the operating room for lower extremity ischemia due to stenotic lesions.

Methods: A total of 14,424 procedures were performed by our division between January 1990-October 2003. Of these, 500 involved a balloon angioplasty. These made up 3.5% of the total caseload. The median age of the patients who underwent these 500 balloon angioplasty was 72 ±0.5 years old; 65% were male; 50% had a history of diabetes mellitus, and 6% had ESRD. Indications for the procedures included acute ischemia (47 cases), critical ischemia (rest pain, gangrene, or ischemic ulcers in 254 cases), failing bypass (64 cases), severe claudication (134 cases), and preoperative for a popliteal artery aneurysm repair.

Results: 244 of the procedures were percutaneous, and the remaining 256 were combined with some type of open procedure. Those performed as an open technique were in combination with a bypass (135 cases) and in combination with a patch angioplasty (31cases). Balloon angioplasties were performed of the aorta (5 cases), iliac arteries (281 cases), the superficial femoral artery (SFA) (101 cases), the popliteal artery (44 cases), the tibial vessels (77 cases), the subclavian/axillary artery (5 cases) and failing grafts (26 cases). Balloon angioplasty was attempted in eight cases and failed due to inability to cross the lesion with a guidewire. Intraoperative complications included 4 dissections, inability to dilate the lesion adequately (2 cases), and rupture of two iliac lesions that underwent open repair (1 case) or repair with a stent graft (1 case). Stents were initially used highly selectively but recently are now being deployed more liberally in the iliac arteries (total 251 cases with stents).

Conclusions: Based on these data, we suggest that balloon angioplasty is a useful tool that can be performed by vascular surgeons safely. The advantages to the patients include one combined procedure to treat lower extremity ischemia.     

Factors Affecting Patency of Subintimal Infrainguinal Angioplasty in Patients with Critical Lower Limb Ischemia

BACKGROUND: Because subintimal angioplasty (SA) is a technique that can achieve recanalization of long arterial occlusions, it is considered an alternative to lower limb bypass operations. The aim of this prospective study was to identify the risk factors that affect patency of SA in patients suffering from critical limb ischemia (CLI). METHODS AND RESULTS: 51 consecutive infrainguinal SA were done in 46 patients suffered from CLI. The patients were followed-up with regular duplex scans up to 12 months post-intervention. Sex, atherosclerosis risk factors, and some technical details of the procedure (number of patent run-off vessels after the procedure, length and re-entry point of angioplasty) were examined as potential risk factors of patency, using survival analysis statistical techniques. The overall patency rate at 12 months post-intervention was 50%. According to Cox-regression analysis, the factors that affect patency were the number of run-off vessels and the length of occlusion. Patients with two or three run-off vessels had a hazard of occlusion of 0.30 (P = .027) compared to those who had one run-off vessel. The 12-months patency in patients with more than one run-off vessels was 81% vs. 25% in patients with one run-off vessel. Regarding the length of angioplasty, the hazard of reocclusion was 1.02 for every centimeter of occlusion (P = .049). CONCLUSIONS: The number of patent run-off crural vessels after the angioplasty and the length of occlusion are significant risk factors for reocclusion of infrainguinal SA in patients with CLI. Trying to recanalize more than one run-off vessels could raise the SA patency.     

Excimer Laser Assisted Angioplasty for Critical Limb Ischemia: Results of the LACI Belgium Study

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of translating into national practice methodology for infrainguinal excimer laser-assisted angioplasty, for the treatment of critical limb ischemia in poor surgical bypass candidates. METHODS: A prospective five centre Belgian registry enrolled 48 patients, who presented with 51 chronic critically ischemic limbs (Rutherford category 4, 5 or 6) and were poor candidates for bypass surgery. Treatment included crossing the occlusion or stenosis by conventional guidewire followed by excimer laser angioplasty with, or without, adjunctive balloon angioplasty or stenting. A step-by-step technique was used in cases where the guidewire could not pass the occluded site. The primary endpoint was limb salvage, at 6 months, of the treated limb. RESULTS: Initial treatment was successful in all 51 limbs. By 6 months there had been six deaths, six minor and four major amputations and further intervention was required in four patients. Among survivors, limb salvage rate at 6 month was 38/42 (90.5%), with freedom from critical limb ischemia in 86%. CONCLUSIONS: This Belgian study of excimer laser assisted angioplasty, in high-risk patients who were poor candidates for surgical re-vascularisation, had a low incidence of surgical re-interventions and limb salvage rate in excess of 90%.