头颈外科

20020850颈部续肿与痰管的诊断和治疗/蔡建峰…//山东医大基础医学院学报一2001,15(6)一356~357 目的:总结颈部囊肿与痪管的诊治经验。方法:93例行手术治疗,其中鳃裂囊肿15例,鳃裂瘩管10例,皮样囊肿1例,囊状淋巴管瘤4例,甲状舌管囊肿37例,甲状舌管凄管25例,癌性淋巴液囊肿1例,随访1一10年。结果:93例中,囊性淋巴管瘤1例复发后失访,另1例行2次手术,癌性淋巴液囊肿1例半年后死于肺转移,鳃裂屡管2例3次手术,甲状舌管屡管1例复发,鳃裂屡管术后1例迟发性面瘫,一次手术治愈,无术后并发症。结论:颈部囊肿与痊管的诊断除依据术前检查外,主要是依据术…     

扩大舌骨及周围组织切除治疗复发性感染性甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管

甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管是颈部常见的先天性畸形,手术切除是其惟一的治疗方法.由于甲状舌管的范围不确定,早期简单囊肿切除术式常有残留,导致复发.我们在Sistrunk术式的摹础上,扩大舌骨及其周围组织的切除范围,治疗38例复发感染性甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管,现报告如下.     

甲状舌管囊肿及瘘36例治疗效果分析

目的探讨甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管术后复发的原因及预防措施.方法对36例甲状舌管囊肿及瘘病例行Sistrunk术式,术前注入美蓝液于囊管内,以便术中分离追踪蓝染管支,切除足够舌骨中段,近舌盲孔处行荷包缝合术或电凝、微波等处理.结果36例中34例治愈,随访1年以上未见复发,2例复发,经再次手术治愈,复发率5.6%.结论对甲状舌管囊肿及瘘患者,术前、术中、术后处理好每个环节,是防止复发的关键.     

复发性甲状舌管囊肿(瘘管)的原因探讨和预防措施

目的：探讨甲状舌管囊肿（瘘管）术后复发的原因和提高手术疗效的措施。方法：对３２例甲状舌管囊肿（瘘管）病例（含８例术后复发者）,术前感染病例先行抗炎后再手术,准确判定甲状舌管囊肿与舌骨的关系,处理舌骨;术中衔注美蓝液入囊管内示踪,行Ｓｉｓｔｒｕｋ术式,分离小分支,以手术显微下失去示踪小支,手指接触诊疑为残存病灶处,行环形缝扎或电凝,射频等处理。结果：３２例均获成功,随访１年以上未见复发。结论：对甲状     

甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管术后复发的手术治疗

目的 探讨甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管术后复发再次手术的策略.方法 对2000-2006年收治的16例甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管术后复发患者进行回顾性分析.男10例,女6例.复发时间为术后6个月至4年,复发时年龄为12～35岁.对术中发现前次手术未切除舌骨中段者(10例),行常规Sistrunk术式手术切除;对前次手术切除舌骨中段者(6例),行扩大切除反复感染致与周围粘连组织,即扩大Sistrunk术式.结果 16例复发患者再次手术后,疗效满意.术后并发咽瘘和颈前血肿各1例,治疗后痊愈.随诊1～6年未见囊肿或瘘管复发.结论 合理应用常规Sistrunk术式与扩大Sistrunk术式是治疗甲状舌管囊肿复发病例的理想方法.     

颈外径路Sistrunk手术治疗成人复发性舌甲状舌管囊肿的临床分析

目的 探讨成人复发性舌甲状舌管囊肿（LTGDC）的临床特点、误诊原因及手术治疗。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年3月收治的6例反复复发的成年LTGDC患者,术前行甲状腺B超提示甲状腺位置并排除异位甲状腺,颈部CT检查明确肿物大小、部位及与舌骨的关系,喉咽部MRI明确肿物性质。手术均采用颈外径路Sistrunk手术。结果 6例患者曾误诊为会厌囊肿4例,舌根囊肿2例,均已行囊肿切除术,复发时间3周至1年。所有患者行颈外径路Sistrunk手术完整切除甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管,术后病理确诊为甲状舌管囊肿。术后随访1年以上无复发。结论 复发性舌根部或会厌间隙的囊性肿物应考虑LTGDC的可能性。所有患者术前均应行喉镜检查和颈部影像学检查以了解囊肿的形态、位置及其和舌骨的关系来选择手术方式。对于成人复发性LTGDC,Sistrunk手术可彻底切除囊肿减少复发。     

111例甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管临床分析

目的　探讨甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管的临床诊治方法。方法　回顾性分析甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管患者111例的临床资料,对其临床特点、诊疗方法、术后并发症进行总结分析。结果　术后复发5例,其中4例有反复囊肿感染病史,术后呼吸困难2例,其中1例患者因长时间缺氧出现缺血缺氧性脑病,术后咽瘘1例。结论　手术方式和感染史是甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管术后并发症和复发的重要影响因素,病灶反复感染以及术后复发者易切除过多周围组织,术中应仔细结扎舌骨离断处减少咽瘘发生。颈部手术术后24 h应密切关注患者呼吸情况,切除范围大手术时间延长者术后可延迟拔管、予以激素治疗防止会厌前间隙水肿导致呼吸困难。     

舌根部甲状舌管囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨发生于舌根部的非典型甲状舌管囊肿的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾分析4例发生于舌根部的甲状舌管囊肿患者的临床资料,手术采用支撑喉镜下激光切除术和颈外径路Sistrunk术.结果 咽部异物感、咽部阻塞感是发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿的主要临床表现;颈部超声和CT检查是明确诊断的主要检查方法.支撑喉镜下激光手术无一例外均导致囊肿复发,3例复发1次,1例复发3次,颈外径路Sistrunk术将囊肿完整切除.结论 发生于舌根的甲状舌管囊肿应常规行颈部超声和CT检查,以明确诊断;治疗首选颈外径路Sistrunk术式.     

小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术

目的　探讨小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除保留舌骨的可行性及美容效果。方法　对8例甲状舌管囊肿患者,采用小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术。 结果　在保留舌骨的情况下,全部患者的甲状舌管囊肿被完整切除。术后切口一期愈合,无手术并发症;随访3个月～2年均无1例复发,美容效果满意。结论　在充分了解甲状舌管囊肿的解剖学特点,详细的术前检查,正确的术前诊断,选择合适的手术病例和良好的手术技巧下,小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术中保留舌骨彻底切除甲状舌管囊肿是可行的, 可获得较理想的美容及功能保全效果。     

小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术CSCD

目的探讨小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除保留舌骨的可行性及美容效果。方法对8例甲状舌管囊肿患者,采用小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术。结果在保留舌骨的情况下,全部患者的甲状舌管囊肿被完整切除。术后切口一期愈合,无手术并发症;随访3个月~2年均无1例复发,美容效果满意。结论在充分了解甲状舌管囊肿的解剖学特点,详细的术前检查,正确的术前诊断,选择合适的手术病例和良好的手术技巧下,小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术中保留舌骨彻底切除甲状舌管囊肿是可行的,可获得较理想的美容及功能保全效果。     

HPV and head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer is frequent worldwide and oropharyngeal locations are presently sharply on the increase, in relation with an increasing incidence of oropharyngeal infection by oncogenic type-16 human papillomavirus (HPV). The clinical and biologic profile of these patients is distinct from that of other oropharyngeal carcinoma patients, with earlier onset, cystic cervical nodes and basaloid carcinoma histopathology. Detection of intratumoral viral DNA is essential to confirm the role of HPV, and E6/E7 mRNA expression is the most relevant indicator for stratification. Several methods can reveal intratumoral oncogenic HPV DNA, but PCR with hybridization is the most sensitive and most widely used. According to several reports, prognosis in terms of survival and locoregional control is better in HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma than in oropharyngeal carcinoma associated with smoking and alcohol consumption. The future lies in vaccination, but further studies will determine whether the rate of oropharyngeal carcinoma falls in women vaccinated against cervical cancer.     

Papillomavirus and head and neck cancer

Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors for head and neck cancers. Papillomavirus (HPV) infection was recently associated with the development of malignant tumors of the oropharynx, according to molecular and biological arguments. We describe the oncogenic mechanisms of HPV infections, the epidemiological and clinical aspects of associated head and neck cancers, their prognosis, and issues of specific therapeutic strategies.     

紫杉醇与头颈部肿瘤

为了解紫杉醇治疗鼻咽癌、喉癌及其他头颈部肿瘤的疗效及作用机理，本文分析了近年来的文献27篇。紫杉醇通过稳定微管、阻断细胞的有丝分裂和增殖，从而显著地抑制肿瘤细胞的生长并促进细胞调亡，在头颈部肿瘤同期放化疗中能起到放疗增敏作用，单独或联合其他抗癌药物治疗亦有较佳的疗效。紫杉酵是一种具有良好抗癌活性的药物，随着研究的深入，将会在头颈部肿瘤的治疗中发挥更大的作用。     

Aging and olfactory and taste function

This article focuses on the change in olfaction and taste with aging. It discusses histopathology with an emphasis on age-related changes, causes of chemosensory dysfunction in the elderly, how to evaluate a patient with dysfunction, useful tests and imaging, clinical consequences of chemosensory impairments, and available treatment options.     

Nutrition and taste and smell dysfunction

Food selection plays a pivotal role in maintaining adequate nutrient intake, thus elucidating drivers of food choice is a meaningful strategy to maintain health and manage disease. Taste and smell are key determinants of food choice and warrant careful consideration. In this review, we first discuss how sensory stimulation influences food selection and metabolism. We then review the evidence regarding the relationship between taste and smell dysfunction and food preferences and selection, with attention given to contexts of certain chronic diseases. We conclude with brief recommendations for the management of chemosensory disorders. While sensory abilities influence food selection, the effect of taste and smell dysfunction on long-term consumption patterns and health status must be considered in light of environment, exposure, and culture.     

Pepsin and Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Carcinomas

Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas are common malignant tumors of the head and neck, and the incidence of both is increasing. Laryngopharyngeal reflux refers to the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx, and/or nasopharynx. It remains controversial whether laryngopharyngeal reflux is a risk factor for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The refluxing substances mainly include hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and occasionally bile acids and bile salts, as well as bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Loss of epithelium in the mucous membrane of the larynx and hypopharynx is thought to be caused by pepsin. Here, we review the relationships between laryngopharyngeal reflux and both laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, as well as the significance of pepsin, methods of clinical detection, and the mechanism of carcinogenesis.