脑钠肽对舒张性心力衰竭的诊断价值

目的 测定血浆脑钠肽(BNP)浓度并结合超声多普勒心动图评价舒张性心力衰竭患者的心功能,为临床提供判断舒张性心力衰竭及其严重程度的敏感和特异的客观指标.方法 选择舒张性心力衰竭患者65例(心力衰竭组),按纽约心脏病学会心功能分级,Ⅱ级21例,Ⅲ级28例,Ⅳ级16例,以及健康对照组30例.测定血浆BNP浓度,超声多普勒结合组织多普勒显像测定左室结构、左室舒张功能及左室舒张末压.结果 舒张性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP浓度明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),且随心力衰竭程度加重而逐渐升高(P＜0.01).舒张性心力衰竭组左房内径、室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、舒张早期流速峰值/舒张早期速度峰值(E/Em)较对照组升高,E/舒张晚期流速峰值(A)降低(P＜0.01),血浆BNP浓度与E/A比值呈负相关(γ=-0.634,P＜0.01),与E/Em比值呈正相关(γ=0.728,P＜0.01).结论 血浆BNP浓度测定结合超声多普勒心动图的参数判断舒张性心力衰竭患者的心功能简便准确.     

组织多普勒超声心动图评价冠心病患者心室舒张功能

目的 采用组织多普勒技术观察冠心病患者心室舒张功能的改变及左室和右室舒张功能的关系.方法 研究30例正常健康人和30例冠心病患者,应用多普勒超声技术测量二尖辩口及三尖辩口舒张期血流速度;应用组织多普勒超声技术测量二尖辩环--左室侧壁交界处及三尖辩环--右室侧壁交界处心肌运动频谱.测量二尖辩及三尖辩舒张早期血流速度(E)、舒张晚期血流速度(A)及E/A,心肌舒张早期运动速度但(Em)、晚期运动速度(Am)及En/Am,测量E/Em.结果 冠心病组与对照组比较:二尖辩及三尖辩血流E/A显著减小(P<0.01);与对照组比较,冠心病组左室Em、Am、Em/Am均减小(P<0.01),E/Em增大(P<0.01);三尖辩环侧壁运动速度冠心病组Em、Am、Em/Am减小(P<0.05).E/Em增大(P<0.05);对照组、冠心病组的左室与右室间E/Em高度相关.结论 冠心病患者的左室舒张功能异常,伴有右室舒张功能的改变,右室与左室舒张功能的改变相关.     

组织多普勒E/E'比值和脑钠肽在舒张性心力衰竭诊断中的价值

目的评价组织多普勒测量二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值与二尖瓣环运动速度之比(E/E′比值)和血浆脑钠肽(BNP)在舒张性心力衰竭诊断中的价值。方法入选左室射血分数(LVEF)正常,有症状或者体征的舒张性心力衰竭患者60例,同时入选30例健康体检者作为健康对照组。检测心脏组织多普勒E/E′比值、血流多普勒E/A比值和血浆BNP。结果与健康对照组比较,舒张性心力衰竭组E/A比值倒置,E/E′比值升高,BNP水平亦增高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按照2007年欧洲心脏病协会舒张性心力衰竭诊断标准,心力衰竭组E/A比值联合BNP诊断舒张性心力衰竭的阳性率为48.3%;E/E′比值联合BNP的诊断率为75.0%,二者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论组织多普勒E/E′比值测定联合血浆BNP检测可以更好地反映左室舒张功能。     

血浆脑钠肽浓度与高血压患者左室肥厚及心功能的关系

目的观察高血压患者左室肥厚与血浆脑钠肽(BNP)浓度的关系,分析氯沙坦钾片治疗前后左室肥厚及左室舒张功能不全的变化情况,探讨血浆BNP浓度可否作为判断左心室肥厚的逆转及左室舒张功能改变的临床指标。方法高血压患者63例,平均年龄(57.2±6.4)岁,其中伴左心室肥厚组患者34例,不伴左心室肥厚组患者29例,健康对照组30例。予以高血压病患者氯沙坦钾片50~100mg/d,治疗40周,所有对象行超声心动图测定左心室重量指数(LVMI)、E/A比值;采用美国博适Triage及其试剂盒快速测定血浆BNP水平,对BNP与LVMI、E/A比值作相关分析。结果高血压左心室肥厚患者组的血浆BNP水平明显高于高血压病不伴左心室肥厚患者组和健康对照组(P<0.01),经氯沙坦钾片治疗后高血压病左心室肥厚患者组血浆BNP水平明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且与LVMI呈显著正相关,与E/A比值呈显著负相关。结论血浆BNP浓度能较好地反映高血压患者左心室肥厚及左室舒张功能状态。     

血浆B型脑利钠肽水平与临床舒张功能不全程度关系的界值研究

目的 评价血浆B型脑利钠肽(BNP)水平与左室舒张功能不全程度的关系,并进一步探讨其诊断界值.方法 350例左室射血分数≥50%的发作性呼吸困难患者纳入研究.根据多普勒超声心动图二尖瓣速度E峰/A峰(E/A)比值和E峰减速时间(DT)联合应用对舒张功能进行分组,分别为舒张功能正常组(n=70)、轻度受损组(n=110)、中度受损组(n=108)和重度受损组(n=62),并测定血浆BNP浓度.结果 与正常组比较,舒张功能不全各组血浆BNP浓度均显著升高(P<0.01),其中重度受损组患者血浆BNP浓度最高,与轻度和中度受损组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).Logistic逐步回归分析显示,血浆BNP与左室舒张功能不全独立相关(r=0.75,P<0.05).ROC曲线显示,当血浆BNP浓度<90 pg/mL时,阴性预测值为96%,阳性预测值为84%;当BNP浓度>190 pg/mL时,阴性预测值为79%,阳性预测值为98%.结论 血浆BNP浓度评估舒张性心功能不全程度具有一定的价值.尤其当血浆BNP浓度>190 pg/mL时,无论有否呼吸困难等症状,均应考虑左室舒张功能不全.     

高血压病患者不同左心室功能状态与血浆脑利钠肽水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨高血压病患者脑利钠肽(BNP)水平与不同左心室功能的相关性.方法:高血压病患者206例,根据心功能情况分为心功能正常、舒张功能不全和收缩功能不全三组,并以87例正常体检者为对照组,对比血浆BNP水平.结果:高血压病患者根据心功能情况分组后,各组间血压水平无差异,与正常对照组间年龄、性别比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组、心功能正常组和舒张功能不全组之间EF值、左室舒张末内径无差异;BNP水平与对照组相比较,心功能正常组、舒张功能不全组和收缩功能不全组呈逐步升高,以收缩功能不全组最显著(P<0.001);收缩功能不全组BNP水平明显高于舒张功能不全组(P<0.01).结论:BNP可较好地反映高血压病患者左心室功能变化情况,在舒张功能出现时已有明显升高,左心室收缩功能不全时,升高最显著.对BNP水平的检测,可准确地对高血压病患者心脏功能状况进行判断和指导治疗.     

血浆B型脑利钠肽水平与临床舒张功能不全程度关系的界值研究

目的 评价血浆B型脑利钠肽(BNP)水平与左室舒张功能不全程度的关系,并进一步探讨其诊断界值.方法 350例左室射血分数≥50%的发作性呼吸困难患者纳入研究.根据多普勒超声心动图二尖瓣速度E峰/A峰(E/A)比值和E峰减速时间(DT)联合应用对舒张功能进行分组,分别为舒张功能正常组(n=70)、轻度受损组(n=110)、中度受损组(n=108)和重度受损组(n=62),并测定血浆BNP浓度.结果 与正常组比较,舒张功能不全各组血浆BNP浓度均显著升高(P<0.01),其中重度受损组患者血浆BNP浓度最高,与轻度和中度受损组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).Logistic逐步回归分析显示,血浆BNP与左室舒张功能不全独立相关(r=0.75,P<0.05).ROC曲线显示,当血浆BNP浓度<90 pg/mL时,阴性预测值为96%,阳性预测值为84%;当BNP浓度>190 pg/mL时,阴性预测值为79%,阳性预测值为98%.结论 血浆BNP浓度评估舒张性心功能不全程度具有一定的价值.尤其当血浆BNP浓度>190 pg/mL时,无论有否呼吸困难等症状,均应考虑左室舒张功能不全.     

组织多普勒联合彩色多普勒超声心动图评价高血压患者左室舒张功能的价值

目的:探讨组织多普勒联合彩色多普勒心动图超声评价高血压患者左室舒张功能的价值。方法:收集原发性高血压患者90例进行研究,根据左心室质量指数(LVMI)以及相对室壁厚度(RWT)进行分为左室正常构型组30例,左室离心性肥厚组30例,左室向心性肥厚组30例。进行常规超声心动图以及彩色多普勒、组织多普勒超声心动图检测左心室舒张功能,比较三组IVS、LVPW、LVEDD、LAD、LVEF、E/A、Em、E/Em。结果:①左室离心性肥厚组、左室向心性肥厚组IVS、LVPW、LAD显著高于左室正常构型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与离心性肥厚组比较,左室向心性肥厚组IVS、LVPW显著升高,LVEDD显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。左室离心性肥厚组LVEDD显著大于左室正常构型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);左室离心性肥厚组与左室向心性肥厚组LAD比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);左室向心性肥厚组与左室正常构型组LVEDD差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②左室离心性肥厚组、左室向心性肥厚组E/A、Em显著低于左室正常构型组,左室离心性肥厚组E/Em显著较左室向心性肥厚组、正常构型组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高血压左心肥厚患者可出现向心性肥厚与离心性肥厚,组织多普勒联合彩色多普勒超声检查结果显示离心性左心室肥厚比向心性肥厚患者左心室舒张功能下降更明显。     

原发性高血压患者血清脑钠素水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)左心室肥厚及左室舒张功能障碍患者血清脑钠素(BNP)水平变化及其意义。方法:采用超声心动图测定左心室质量指数(LVMI),舒张早期血流峰值(E)/舒张晚期血流峰值(A)比值,将68例EH患者分别分为左心室肥厚(LVH)与无左心室肥厚(NLVH)组;左室舒张功能障碍组与无左室舒张功能障碍组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清BNP水平,并与30例正常对照组进行对比分析。结果:EH患者血清BNP水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),伴LVH血清BNP水平较NLVH明显升高(P<0.01);伴左室舒张功能障碍患者血清BNP水平显著高于无舒张功能障碍患者及正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论:原发性高血压患者BNP水平明显升高,检测血清BNP水平将有助于了解高血压病患者左室肥厚及舒张功能改变。     

急性蛛网膜下腔出血对左心室功能的影响及其与血浆脑钠素关系研究

目的通过超声心动图(echocardiography)进行心功能检查及血浆脑钠素(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)测定,观察急性蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)患者心脏左心室功能(left ventricular function,LVF)的变化及其与血浆BNP的关系,并探讨其机制,为防治急性SAH所致心脏损害提供依据。方法选择发病24h内经临床和头颅CT检查确诊的急性SAH患者20例作为研究对象,所有患者既往无心脏病史,并除外心功能不全、心律失常等心脏并发症。选择性别和年龄匹配的21例正常人作为对照组。以上各组均行超声心动图检查,同时抽血检测血浆BNP,对结果进行分析。结果①急性SAH组患者的左室舒张末期内径、左室后壁厚度、室间隔厚度、相对室壁厚度、左室心肌重量、左室心肌重量指数均值与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);②急性SAH组每搏排出量(SV)、每分心排出量(CO)及心脏指数(CI)均值低于正常对照组(分别为33.46±11.33vs52.67±12.46,P<0.01;3.02±1.33vs3.87±1.33,P<0.05;1.75±0.76vs2.37±0.81,P<0.05);③急性SAH组左室射血分数(LVEF)均值明显低于正常对照组(46.95±9.36vs67.71±8.02,P<0.01)。急性SAH组E峰最大速度/A峰最大速度比值(E/A)均值显著低于正常对照组(1.04±0.48vs1.47±0.23,P<0.01);④急性SAH组血浆BNP浓度高于正常对照组(62.30,11.44～120.08vs1.90,0.15～21.50,P<0.01)。结论急性SAH可引起左心室收缩功能和舒张功能下降;急性SAH发病后血浆BNP浓度升高,可能与急性SAH本身的病理生理机制有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.