妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症围生儿预后不良相关因素探讨

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症 (intrahepaticcholestasisofpreg nancy ,ICP) ,是妊娠期特有的一种并发症 ,多发生于妊娠中、晚期 ,主要表现为皮肤瘙痒或黄疸以及肝功能异常 ,其病因不清 ,该病最大的危害在于其围生儿预后不良 ,可导致早产、羊水胎粪污染及产时胎儿窘迫 ,有报道围生儿死亡率竟可高达 110‰。ICP患者的胎死宫内通常发生非常迅速 ,且发生胎儿窘迫、死亡的原因目前尚未阐明 ,亦缺乏有效的防治措施。本文通过对我院 80 8例ICP病例进行回顾性分析 ,寻找与ICP患者围生儿预后不良有关的高危因素。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　研究对象…     

妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症孕妇肝功能指标与围生儿预后的关系

目的：探讨妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症（ICP）孕妇肝功能指标与围生儿预后的关系。方法：对166例ICP孕妇肝功能指标及围生儿预后进行回顾性分析。结果：孕妇血清转酶（ALT、AST）及胆红素（BIL）水平升高者胎儿窘迫及羊水粪染发生率增加,新生体重及Apgar评分均与胆红素水平有关,通过公式计算可以预测围生和预后,孕妇胆汁酸（TBA）升高程度与羊水粪染及胎儿窘迫率无关,其它肝功能指标,脐动脉S／D比值及瘙痒时间的长短也与胎儿预后无关。结ICP孕妇转氨酸航胆红素水平升高胆胎儿预后不佳,必须高度重视,适时剖宫终止妊娠将明显改善围生儿预后。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症分子机制研究进展

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是一种多基因遗传病,ICP的发生可能与ABCB11、ABCB4、ABCC2、ATP 8B1、TJP2等相关遗传基因的突变等有关。本文就ICP的国内外遗传学分子机制的研究进展作一综述,探索ICP发生的可能机制,旨在为下一步研究ICP的可能的基因调控网络提供参考方向。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症孕妇肝功能指标与围生儿预后的关系

目的探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)孕妇肝功能指标与围生儿预后的关系。方法对1996年10月至2003年6月广东省高州市妇幼保健院166例ICP孕妇肝功能指标及围生儿预后进行回顾性分析。结果孕妇血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及胆红素(BIL)水平升高者胎儿窘迫及羊水粪染发生率增加，新生儿体重及Apgar评分均与胆红素水平有关。孕妇胆汁酸(TBA)升高程度与羊水粪染及胎儿窘迫率无关，其他肝功能指标、脐动脉S／D)比值及瘙痒时间的长短也与胎儿预后无关。结论ICP孕妇妊娠期ALT、AST及胆红素水平升高者胎儿预后不佳，必须高度重视，通过公式计算可以预测围生儿预后，适时剖宫产终止妊娠将明显改善围生儿预后。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症 (ＩＣＰ)是一种重要的妊娠并发症 ,它以妊娠期出现皮肤瘙痒和黄疸为特点 ,可导致胎儿宫内窘迫、早产、死胎、死产 ,使围产儿病率和死亡率增加 ,已引起产科医师的广泛关注。一、病因及发病机理ＩＣＰ的发病原因尚未十分明了 ,通过大量研究认为其发病可能与下列因素有关。1.雌激素 :不少学者认为 ,ＩＣＰ与妊娠时血中雌激素水平增高或对雌激素过度敏感有关。雌激素化学结构式中的Ｃ 17被烷化后 ,可提高它损害肝脏的能力。Ｒｅｙｅｓ,Ｓｉｍｏｎ[1] 总结了众多的胆汁淤积动物模型研究后指出 ,雌激素导致胆汁淤积可能通过…     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的特点是妊娠晚期出现皮朊瘙关及肝内胆汁淤积。其发病机理是因遗传家族及环境等因素使肝脏对雌激素及其代谢产物产生过强反应，导致肝脏状隙脂质膜流动性减少，Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋，－ＡＴＰ酶活性降低而产生胆汁淤积。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的研究进展

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)是性激素、家族遗传、免疫、环境等多因素相互作用的结果；高浓度胆汁酸引起胎盘、脐血管异常收缩进而使胎儿宫内急性缺氧。及早发现病情并了解严重程度，辅以综合的药物治疗，加强母儿监测，适时结束妊娠可改善母儿不良处境。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的研究进展

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)是一种妊娠期特有肝脏疾病,其临床特点包括瘙痒、肝酶和血清胆汁酸水平升高。ICP通常发生在妊娠晚期,并于分娩后迅速消失。ICP病因是多因素的,遗传、内分泌及环境因素在其发病机制中相互作用。ICP的孕产妇结局通常是良性的,而胎儿并发症如早产、羊水粪染、胎儿窘迫和突然的不可预测的胎儿宫内死亡导致围产儿发病率和死亡率显著增加。熊去氧胆酸是目前治疗ICP最安全有效的药物。ICP的管理主要包括孕产妇肝功能与血清胆汁酸水平的监测,同时还包括评估胎儿安全性,并在完成促胎肺成熟后决定适时分娩。本文根据最近的文献资料综述了ICP最新的研究进展。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的研究进展

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（ICP）是妊娠中、晚期特发性肝脏疾病。由于血清胆汁酸升高,在临床上表现为以皮肤瘙痒和黄疸为特征,主要危害胎儿,出现胎儿窘迫、死胎、早产及其他新生儿并发症。ICP的病因和发病机制尚不明确。本文从遗传、激素和环境因素方面探讨了ICP的发病机制,通过胆汁酸对胎儿的影响,了解其对胎儿危害的机制,为临床上治疗ICP奠定基础。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症徐先明综述庄依亮审校（上海医科大学妇产科医院）妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（Ｉｎｔｒａｈｅｐａｔｉｃｃｈｏｌｅｓｔａｓｉｓｏｆｐｒｅｇｎａｎｃｙ，ＩＣＰ）易引起早产和胎儿窘迫、死胎、死产，近年来受到产科医生的重视，被列为高危妊娠之一，目前...     

妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症与胎儿生长受限关系的探讨

目的 :探讨妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症 (ICP)与胎儿生长受限 (FGR)的关系。方法 :回顾性分析 6 1例ICP患者与对照组妊娠结局、新生儿体重、FGR发生率的比较及ICP新生儿体重与胆汁酸、肝功能的关系。结果 :ICP组早产、羊水粪染、Apgar评分 <7分 (1分钟 )的发生率与对照组比较差异有非常显著性 ,P <0 .0 1。ICP组新生儿平均体重为 (32 33.9±14 75 .5 )g ,FGR的发生率为 3 3% ,与正常组相比差异无显著性。多元线性回归分析 ,ICP组新生儿体重与胆汁酸、肝功能无明显线性关系。结论 :ICP与胎儿生长受限之间无明显相关性     

胎心监护中短变异与分娩结局的关系

目的:探讨胎心率监护中短变异(STV)与分娩结局的相关性。方法:本院住院分娩孕妇常规进行无负荷试验(NST)的同时,应用牛津公司8002专家系统进行分析,选择短变异<5.0 ms的孕妇128例,并分为STV<2.9 ms组S、TV 3.0~3.9 ms组和STV 4.0~4.9 ms组;随机选择同期STV>5.0 ms 80例,并对不同STV组与围生儿预后不良和NST异常的分布情况及STV与胎儿附属物异常的关系进行分析和研究。结果:STV 3.0~3.9 ms组和<2.9 ms组的NST异常、围生儿预后不良及胎儿附属物异常明显高于STV 4.0~4.9 ms组与STV>5.0 ms组(P<0.05)。结论:STV<4.0 ms与胎儿宫内缺氧等围生儿预后不良和胎儿附属物异常有较好的相关性,它可成为衡量胎心率变异的一个新指标,提高了胎心率曲线判读的准确性。     

妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症胎儿总胆汁酸浓度与肾上腺皮质功能变化的关系

目的　探讨妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)胎儿总胆汁酸浓度与胎儿肾上腺皮质功能变化的关系。　方法　采用放射免疫法测定正常孕妇22例(对照组)及ICP孕妇20例(ICP组)胎儿脐血皮质醇及硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA S)浓度;循环酶法测定两组母血及脐血总胆汁酸浓度。　结果　ICP组胎儿脐血总胆汁酸浓度(8.93±3.16) mmol/L高于对照组(4.33±1.51) mmol/L,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0. 05),且与母血胆汁酸浓度呈正相关。ICP 组脐血皮质醇浓度(99. 83±41. 34)ng/ml与对照组(74.93±29.58)ng/ml相比无明显差别(P>0.05)。ICP组脐血DHEA S浓度(24.62±8.89)μg/dl明显低于对照组(69.18±39.37)μg/dl,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。ICP组脐血DHEA S与皮质醇比值(0.29±0.09)亦明显低于对照组(0.87±0.31),两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。ICP组脐血皮质醇、DHEA S浓度及DHEA S与皮质醇比值均与脐血胆汁酸浓度相关(相关系数分别为:r1= 0.87,r2=-0.88,r3=-0.84;P<0.05)。　结论　ICP孕妇的胎儿总胆汁酸浓度增高,与母血总胆汁酸浓度呈正相关;ICP孕妇的胎儿肾上腺皮质功能受损,其受损程度与脐血总胆汁酸浓度呈正相关。     

ICP与妊娠期CHB伴胆汁酸升高的围产结局比较26

目的:比较妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)和妊娠合并慢乙肝孕妇胆汁酸升高病例的生化指标及围产结局,以期为临床提供参考.方法:回顾分析2013年12月到2015年11月在上海市公共卫生临床中心妇产科产检并分娩的262例孕妇的病例资料,ICP组116例,妊娠合并CHB孕妇合并胆汁酸升高组146例,比较两组的生化指标和围产结局.结果:单纯性ICP组与妊娠合并CHB组在总胆汁酸最高状态下指标无明显差异,经治疗后生化指标均明显好转,但ICP组的转氨酶水平仍明显高于CHB组.两组的胎儿胎窘发生率分别为23.28%和14.38%,羊水胎粪污染发生率分别为34.48%和16.44%,发生早产比例分别为43.1%和19.86%,LGA发生率分别为9.84%和2.1%,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:单纯性ICP与妊娠合并CHB经积极治疗均得到明显改善.单纯性ICP的病情监测中,除胆汁酸外,还应重视转氨酶变化.合并胆汁酸升高的CHB孕妇如治疗效果良好,可在密切监测下适当延长孕周.     

Fetal lung surfactant and development alterations in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

AIM: To investigate the association between total bile acid (TBA) level during intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and fetal lung surfactant alteration. METHODS: We recruited 42 ICP and 32 normal pregnancy women in this study. The maternal blood, fetal blood and amniotic fluid TBA level were detected using a circulating enzymatic method. Umbilical blood pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), lysolecithin (LPC) and sphingomyelin (SM). Amniotic fluid lamellar body was counted with a fully automatic blood cell counter. Fetal lung area and fetal body weight were calculated from data obtained with an iu22 color supersonic diagnostic set. Clinical information of a nonstress test, amniotic fluid properties and neonatal Apgar score, and birth weight were recorded for review. RESULTS: The TBA level in maternal blood, fetal blood and amniotic fluid in the ICP group were significantly higher than that in the control group (maternal blood: 34.11 ± 6.75 mmol/L vs 4.55 ± 1.72 mmol/L, P < 0.05; fetal blood: 11.9 ± 2.23 mmol/L vs 3.52 ± 1.56 mmol/L, P < 0.05; amniotic fluid: 3.89 ± 1.99 mmol/L vs 1.43 ± 1.14 mmol/L, P < 0.05). Amniotic fluid PC and PI in the ICP group were significantly lower than that in the control group (PC: 65.71 ± 7.23 μg/mL vs 69.70 ± 6.68 μg/mL, P < 0.05; PI: 3.87 ± 0.65 μg/mL vs 4.28 ± 0.74 μg/mL, P < 0.05). PC/LPC ratio of the ICP group was lower than that of the control group (14.40 ± 3.14 vs 16.90 ± 2.52, P < 0.05). Amniotic LB in the ICP group was significantly lower than that of the control group ((74.13 ± 4.37) × 10⁹/L vs (103.0 ± 26.82) × 10⁹/L, P < 0.05). Fetal umbilical blood SP-A level in the ICP group was significantly higher than that of the control group (30.26 ± 7.01 ng/mL vs 22.63 ± 7.42 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Fetal lung area/body weight ratio of the ICP group was significantly lower than that of the control group (5.76 ± 0.63 cm²/kg vs 6.89 ± 0.48 cm²/kg, P < 0.05). In the ICP group, umbilical cord blood TBA concentration was positively correlated to the maternal blood TBA concentration (r = 0.746, P < 0.05) and umbilical blood SP-A (r = 0.422, P < 0.05), but it was negatively correlated to the amniotic fluid lamellar corpuscle (r = 0.810, P < 0.05) and fetal lung area/body weight ratio (r = 0.769, P < 0.05). Furthermore, umbilical blood TBA showed a negative correlation to PC, SM and PI (r_pc = 0.536, r_sm = 0.438, r_pi = 0.387 respectively, P < 0.05). The neonatal asphyxia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, fetal distress and perinatal death rates in the ICP group are higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: ICP has higher TBA in maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid. The high concentration of TBA may affect fetal pulmonary surfactant production and fetal lung maturation.     

Maternal serum bile acid levels and fetal distress in cholestasis of pregnancy

Cardiotocography (CTG) and serum total bile acid level were used in the perinatal surveillance of 117 pregnancies with intrahepatic cholestasis. Signs of fetal distress occurred more commonly in cholestasis pregnancies with high maternal bile acid levels. Despite careful monitoring one intrauterine fetal loss occurred without any warning signs in CTG. In this case the serum bile acid level was only moderately elevated. CTG seems to be suitable for detection of fetal distress in cholestasis pregnancies. Those with high maternal bile acid level should be subjected to a more intensive follow-up. Some fetal risk, however, seems to remain despite of the use of these methods.     

Diagnosis and prognosis of early-onset intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a prospective study

Objective: To explore the gestational age of early-onset intrahepatic cholestasis (ICP) of pregnancy, and to analyze the relationship between the clinical biochemical indices and pregnancy outcomes in order to arrive at a reasonable diagnosis and administer appropriate treatment.

Design: This is a retrospective clinical study.

Population or sample: We selected 47,260 pregnant women who received prenatal care and underwent childbirth at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2014 to December 2016 for participating in this study. Of these 47,260 women, 407 developed ICP.

Methods: To calculate the gestational week cutoff between early- and late-onset ICP by the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden’s index. Two independent samples t tests and chi square test were used to compare the differences in biochemical indices and pregnancy outcomes between the two groups.

Results: We found that 34 weeks is the most appropriate cutoff gestational age for the diagnosis of early-onset ICP. Early-onset ICP is characterized by early onset, long disease duration and a higher incidence of preterm labor, fetal distress, and fetal low birth weight compared to late-onset ICP.

Conclusions: Thirty-four weeks is the most appropriate cutoff gestational age for the diagnosis of early-onset ICP. And to reduce the adverse pregnancy outcomes in cases of early-onset ICP, we suggest prolonging gestation up to 37 weeks as far as possible before selecting iatrogenic birth.     

The impact of total bile acid levels on fetal cardiac function in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy using fetal echocardiography: a tissue Doppler imaging study

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess total bile acid (TBA) levels and its impact on systolic and diastolic functions in fetuses of mothers with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and to explore the correlation between TBA levels and fetal cardiac function.

Subjects and methods: The study employed 98 pregnant women with ICP who were divided into two groups according to their bile acid levels. Fifty pregnant women without ICP represented the control group.

Results: Significant differences in the myocardial tissue velocities of both mitral and tricuspid valves were found between the fetuses of mothers with ICP and TBA levels of <40?mmol/L and the control group, versus fetuses of mothers with ICP and TBA levels >40?mmol/L. There was a significant increase in neonatal respiratory distress, meconium staining and neonatal TBAs in group II compared to the control group and group I. There was a correlation between maternal TBA levels and preterm delivery, APGAR scores and neonatal TBA levels at birth. There was also a positive correlation between maternal TBA and fetal myocardial tissue velocities of both mitral and tricuspid, and fetal diastolic myocardial tissue Doppler velocities.

Conclusion: ICP is a very serious condition especially when maternal TBA levels are >40?mmol/L. Fetal echocardiography with tissue Doppler is a useful tool for fetal assessment in patients with ICP. It could be an indication of induction of labor in cases of ICP and bile acid levels ≥40?mol/L. Neonatal echocardiography is mandatory for follow-up and management of these neonates.     

胎心监护在围产保健中的应用

目的:探讨采取常规产前胎心监护对新生儿预后的临床价值。方法:选择我院产科门诊胎监室定期检查的900例孕妇,于妊娠36周开始行无应激试验(NST)检查,每周一次。筛选出有反应型851例作为对照组,无反应型49例作为观察组,观察比较两组剖宫产率及新生儿窒息率。结果:①本组900例孕妇临产前NST有反应型851例,占94.56%,无反应型49例,占5.44%;②对照组行剖宫产者275例,占32.31%,观察组剖宫产者31例,占63.27%;③对照组轻度窒息患儿10例,窒息发生率1.18%,观察组窒息患儿总数20例,发生率40.82%,两组比较差异有极显著差异性(P<0.01)。结论:产前进行胎心监护可以及早发现宫内胎儿窘迫并进行干预,降低围生期胎儿死亡率。