Measuring blood pressure using the mercury sphygmomanometer

Automated blood pressure devices have been embraced by clinicians for their convenience and ease of use. However, the pressure to remove mercury-containing medical devices is leading to the demise of the mercury sphygmomanometer and the loss of manual blood pressure measurement skills. The article argues that there is still a place for the mercury sphygmomanometer, particularly when a clinical decision is based on the blood pressure readings. It presents a review of the available literature to explain the rationale for the use of manual sphygmomanometry and gives a step-by-step guide to the procedure with current supporting evidence. There is a brief discussion of special considerations when dealing with certain client groups. Normal blood pressure ranges for adults and children have been included along with a definition of hypertension for both groups.     

Blood pressure monitoring

This article reviews several methods for the measurement and monitoring of systemic arterial blood pressure. Principles of operation of noninvasive and invasive devices are described. Techniques for insertion and maintenance of arterial catheters are discussed. Finally, complications and other problems of both noninvasive and invasive methods are presented.     

传统血压计袖带在有创动脉压监测中的应用

[目的]探讨使用传统血压计袖带代替加压输液泵应用于有创动脉血压监测的护理.[方法]2010年5月-2011年5月在CCU监护治疗的200例行有创动脉血压监测病人,利用传统血压计袖带部分稍加改造代替加压输液泵,对肝素盐水袋进行加压,持续冲洗动脉.[结果]本组病人中发生穿刺口出血3例,管道堵塞5例,管道脱出3例,无一例发生感染、血栓形成、空气栓塞等并发症.[结论]传统血压计袖带可代替加压输液泵应用于有创动脉血压监测,可使肝素盐水持续冲洗测压管道,保证抗凝效果,预防血栓、空气栓塞的发生.     

腕式血压计与台式血压计监测血压的比较

目的 测试腕式血压计的准确性。方法 对１００名住院病人同时应用腕式血压计和台式血压计测量血压。结果 经统计学处理,Ｐ〈０．０１,差异有显著意义。腕式血压计较台式血压计所测得的血压值高：收缩压约高１．２ｋｐａ,舒张压约高１．１ｋｐａ。结论 在使用腕式血压计时不能以传统的台式血压计的标准来衡量病的的实际血压。     

电动血压计与汞柱式血压计测压的比较

目的：评价电子血压计测量血压的准确性。方法：200名体检者用BP-203RV Ⅱ型电动血压计同时与台式汞柱血压计测量血压,进行自身对照并比较两种测量结果。结果：两种血压测量结果差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：BP-203RVⅡ型电动血压计测定血压可靠、方便、客观,有良好的应用前景。     

社区高血压患者自备电子血压计监测血压的效果

目的探讨社区高血压患者自备电子血压计监测血压的效果。方法比较患者自备上臂式电子血压计和医院水银柱血压计的测量血压值。结果患者自备的电子血压计与医院水银柱血压计所测血压数值相比差别有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,电子血压计使用10年及以上与使用不足10年者,医院水银柱血压计与电子血压计所测的收缩压差值≥10 mm Hg的发生情况差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高血压患者自备电子血压计使用的维护和校正不当影响监测血压的效果。     

社区高血压患者自备电子血压计监测血压的效果

目的探讨社区高血压患者自备电子血压计监测血压的效果。方法比较患者自备上臂式电子血压计和医院水银柱血压计的测量血压值。结果患者自备的电子血压计与医院水银柱血压计所测血压数值相比差别有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,电子血压计使用10年及以上与使用不足10年者,医院水银柱血压计与电子血压计所测的收缩压差值≥10 mm Hg的发生情况差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高血压患者自备电子血压计使用的维护和校正不当影响监测血压的效果。     

探讨不同水平面上放置血压计对血压测量结果的影响

目的为验证不同水平面上放置血压计对血压测量结果的影响,以指导医务工作者采取正确的方式测量血压。方法选取心理素质好、生活能自理的住院病人及其家属15人取平卧位,保持肱动脉、心脏和台式水银血压计的零点在同一水平面上,这时测得的血压值为A/B,保持肱动脉和心脏在同一水平,水银血压计的零点高于心脏水平面20cm的血压值为A1/B1和低于心脏水平面20cm的血压值为A2/B2。结果将A与A1,A与A2,A1与A2,B与B1,B与B2,B1与B2配对分组,对每组成对资料样本均数行t检验,结果p均大于0.05,差异无显著性。结论只要保证心脏和肱动脉在同一水面上,水银血压计的零点在水平面的垂直高度对血压测量的结果无影响。     

家庭血压监测研究概述

介绍了家庭血压监测的定义、家庭血压监测的不足与优势;主要综述了家庭血压监测的方法及国内外应用情况,提出了家庭血压监测建议。     

两种体位对不同血压计血压测量值的影响

目的探讨坐位与卧位对电子血压计和汞柱血压计测量值差异的影响,以便在临床工作中正确使用电子血压计及指导患者正确地使用电子血压计进行自测血压。方法对142例查体患者在坐位和卧位时由2名护士分别使用电子血压计和汞柱血压计测量左、右臂的收缩压和舒张压,比较两种血压计血压测量值的差异。结果坐位时电子血压计和汞柱血压计所测得的左臂收缩压、左臂舒张压、右臂收缩压、右臂舒张压差异无统计学意义（t=-0．315,1．560,-1．472,1．156,P〉0．05）。卧位时电子血压计和汞柱血压计所测得的左臂收缩压差异无统计学意义（t=-0．370,P〉0．05）,但卧位时左臂舒张压、右臂收缩压、右臂舒张压差异有统计学意义（t=5．172,-5．402,2．979,P〈0．05）。结论坐位测量血压时,电子血压计可以替代汞柱血压计。     

家庭血压监测研究概述

介绍了家庭血压监测的定义、家庭血压监测的不足与优势;主要综述了家庭血压监测的方法及国内外应用情况,提出了家庭血压监测建议。     

Scipione Riva-Rocci and the men behind the mercury sphygmomanometer

The history of the blood pressure (BP) concept and measurements is described. Many scientists were involved. Among them, major triumphs were achieved by William Harvey during the early 1600s who announced that there is a finite amount of blood that circulated the body in one direction only. In the mid-1700s, Reverend Stephen Hales reported the first invasive measurement in horses and smaller animals. Poiseuille introduced in the early 1800s the mercury hydrodynometer and the mmHg units. Karl von-Vierordt described in 1855 that with enough pressure, the arterial pulse could be obliterated. He also created the sphygmograph, a pulse recorder usable for routine non-invasive monitoring on humans. In 1881, von Basch created the sphygmomanometer and the first non-invasive BP measurements. However, in 1896, Scipione Riva-Rocci developed further the mercury sphygmomanometer, almost as we know it today. The sphygmomanometer could only be used to determine the systolic BP. Observing the pulse disappearance via palpitation would only allow the measuring physician to observe the point when the artery was fully constricted. Nikolai Korotkoff was the first to observe the sounds made by the constriction of the artery in 1905.