HLA-DRB1*12:01:01G和HLA-DRB1*14:01:01G组内等位基因频率的统计分析

目的 区分并计算人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA) HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01G(HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01/12:06/12:10/12:17)和HLA-DRB1* 14:01:01G(DRB1* 14:01:01/14:54)组内等位基因及其相对频率,并分析其与HLA-DRB3和HLA-DQB1的连锁情况.方法 收集115例HLA-DRB1*12:01:01G组和108例HLA-DRB1*14:01:01G组标本,采用单核苷酸序列分析(polymerase chain reaction-sequence based typing,PCR-SBT)方法检测HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01G组等位基因的第1～3外显子序列和HLA-DRB1* 14:01:01G组的第2、3外显子序列.HLA-DRB3和HLA-DQB1基因分型采用PCR-SBT方法.结果 115例HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01G组标本中,101例(87.8％)为HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01,14例(12.2％)为HLA-DRB1* 12:10,未发现HLA-DRB1* 12:06和HLA-DRB1* 12:17. 108例HLA-DRB1*14:01:01G组标本全部为HLA-DRB1*14:54. HLA-DRB1*12:01:01与HLA-DRB3* 01:01:02和HLA-DQB1* 03:01连锁,HLA-DRB1* 12:10则与HLA-DRB3* 02:02:01和HLA-DQB1* 03:01连锁.HLA-DRB1* 14:54与HLA-DRB3* 02:02:01和HLA-DQB1* 05:02、*05:03连锁.结论 HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01G组中HLA-DRB1* 12:01:01频率最高,而HLA-DRB1* 14:01:01G组则以HLA-DRB1* 14:54频率最高.     

Identification of two new HLA alleles: B*3546* and B*5611*. How reliable are the published HLA-B intron 2 sequences?

Polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) typing for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B in a male 25-year-old Caucasian individual of Iranian origin and in a 42-year-old German Caucasian bone marrow donor revealed reaction patterns that did not agree with any known HLA specificity, thus suggesting in both cases the existence of a novel allele. Sequence-based typing (SBT) after allelic separation revealed the sequences of the new alleles HLA-B*5611 and B*3546. The sequence patterns of both new alleles might have been generated as the results of double crossing over, possibly over several generations. During the analysis of the HLA-B*3546 intron 2 sequence for possible crossing over points, a base insert, an additional G after position 700, was found. This insert was analyzed using SBT and PCR-SSP and was found to be present not only in all samples carrying B*35, but also in all HLA-B specificities tested. It appears that all known HLA-B alleles may contain a G insert at position 700 of intron 2, and that the published intron 2 sequence alignments of the HLA-B locus may contain errors at this position.     

The new HLA allele, HLA-A*03:57, differs from HLA-A*03:01 by two amino acids at positions 76 and 77 in the α2 domain affecting the pocket F of the peptide-binding groove

HLA-A*03:57 has two amino acid exchanges in exon 2 at adjacent positions of the peptide-binding groove.     

汉族人群中新等位基因人类白细胞抗原-DPA1*01:11的鉴定

背景：在群体遗传学研究中,发现一个样本人类白细胞抗原-DPA1位点结果异常,而国际上与人类白细胞抗原-DPA1等位基因相关的报道较少。 目的：鉴定一个人类白细胞抗原-DPA1*01相关的新变异等位基因。 方法：在群体遗传学研究中,采用PCR产物直接测序分型方法,对人类白细胞抗原-DPA1基因第2外显子进行双向测序。对出现异常分型结果的样本,进行分子克隆和单倍体测序。 结果与结论：发现一个样本的人类白细胞抗原-DPA1位点结果异常,经分子克隆和单倍体测序,检出了一个正常的人类白细胞抗原-DPA1*01:03和一个DPA1*01相关的新变异等位基因,该新等位基因的序列与DPA1*01:03的序列最接近,其差异是在第二外显子区域的242位碱基发生A>G的替换,并导致了相应的第50位密码子由CAA>CGA,编码的氨基酸残基由谷氨酰胺变成精氨酸。该等位基因为人类白细胞抗原新的等位基因,已被世界卫生组织人类白细胞抗原因子命名委员会正式命名为人类白细胞抗原-DPA1*01:11(提交序列号HWS10015443)。     

新等位基因HLA-A*01:130的序列分析及HLA分子三维结构模拟

目的:确认HLA新等位基因HLA-A*01:130并分析其有异常反应格局的核苷酸序列。方法:应用DNA测序分型技术(PCR-SBT)进行HLA分型,对可疑新等位基因采用单链测序基因分型技术直接测定基因序列,分析其与同源性最高的HLA等位基因序列的差异。最后,经Swiss-Model对HLA分子进行三维结构模拟。结果:新基因与所有已知的HLA-A等位基因序列均不相同,与HLA-A*01:66基因序列相比在第3外显子368位碱基由A→G,导致第99位密码子改变,酪氨酸→半胱氨酸。替代氨基酸位于抗原肽结合区β片层上。结论:发现一个新的HLA-A等位基因,现已被世界卫生组织HLA因子命名委员会正式命名为HLA-A*01:130。     

HLA-B新等位基因B*9536和B*4612的测序分析和确认

目的 研究人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)新等位基因HLA_B*9536和B*4612的分子机制.方法 采用Invitrogen抽提试剂盒抽提标本DNA,利用单链特异性引物PCR方法扩增样本HLA-B基因第2～4外显子,对PCR产物直接进行HLA-B基因第2、3、4外显子双向测序分析.结果 先证者标本存在2个HLA-B等位基因,经HLA Blast验证均为新的等位基因,新的等位基因序列已递交GenBank(EU081878和EU081879),经世界卫生组织HLA命名委员会正式命名为HLA-B*9536和HLA-B*4612.HLA-B*9536第2～4外显子序列与最接近的B*1505相比,在第3外显子存在一个碱基的不同,即第544位G→A改变,导致第158位氨基酸Ala→Thr;HLA-B*4612第2～4外显子序列与最接近的B*4601相比,在第3外显子存在一个碱基的不同,即第363位G→C,导致第97位氨基酸Arg→Ser.结论 在同一标本中发现两个新的HLA-B等位基因,并被世界卫生组织HLA命名委员会正式命名.     

HLA-B allele frequencies in Côte d'Ivoire defined by direct DNA sequencing: identification of HLA-B*1405, B*4410, and B*5302

Direct automated DNA sequencing was used to analyze exons 2 and 3 of HLA-B alleles present in forty-four unrelated individuals residing in the village of Adiopodoume, C?te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). Of the 23 HLA-B alleles observed, the most frequently detected allele was HLA-B*5301 (22.7%), which is believed to confer resistance to severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. B*4501 (9.1%), B*1503 (8.0%), B*0705 (5.7%), B*1510 (5.7%) and B*3501 (5.7%) occurred frequently in the population. A second allele of B53 was identified; B*5302 contains a single amino acid variation at residue 171 (Y-->H). Two additional novel alleles, B* 1405 (a single amino acid variant of B*1402) and B*4410 (a five amino acid variant of B*4403) were characterized.     

序列分析及确认HLA新等位基因B*55:46

背景：近几年来,随着中华骨髓库的建立和人类白细胞抗原分型技术的不断发展和提高,中国人类白细胞抗原新等位基因不断被发现。 目的：探索中国人的人类白细胞抗原新等位基因。 方法：应用PCR-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针基因分型技术,对1名27岁男性汉族造血干细胞志愿捐献者进行HLA基因分型,并应用基于测序的方法分析该基因序列及与最相近等位基因序列的差异。 结果与结论：PCR-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针结果显示该样本HLA-B基因座反应格局出现异常提示;基因测序结果表明其B基因座第3外显子序列与所有已知HLA-B等位基因序列均不一致,在所检测的第2、3外显子中,与序列最相近的等位基因B*55:02:01的差异只是在第3外显子发生了nt 412 A→G一个核苷酸替代,导致第138位密码子由AAC→GAC,相应的编码的天冬酰胺改变为天冬氨酸。将其序列提交国际基因数据库及IMGT/HLA 数据库,证实该HLA等位基因为国际上首次发现,被世界卫生组织织人类白细胞抗原因子命名委员会正式命名为HLA-B*55:46 (HM989018)。     

造血干细胞移植志愿捐献者罕见基因人类白细胞抗原C*08:99的测序分析

BACKGROUND: As the sequencing technology has been widely used and high-resolution confirmation of organ transplant matching has been gradually developed, new human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are emerging. However, the gene frequency of some genes cannot be calculated accurately, and there are rare reports. These genes are often ignored, and it is easy to misjudge their genotypes only according to gene frequency. OBJECTIVE: To test and analyze a rare allele, HLA-C*08:99, from a volunteer donor of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.METHODS:Genomic DNA was extracted automatically from the blood sample by using quick DNA purified kit and amplified by HLA-C locus commercial sequence-based typing kit. The purified PCR product was utilized as the DNA template in the sequencing reaction, and six direct sequencing reactions of PCR product covering exons 2, 3 and 4 in both directions were performed using commercial kit. Four direct sequencing reactions of PCR product covering exon 5 in both directions, exon 6 in forward direction and exon 7 in reverse direction were performed using in-house BigDye terminator cycle sequencing reaction kit. Sequencing reaction products purified by ethanol/sodium acetate/ ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid method were sequenced by ABI PrismTM3730 DNA Sequencer.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The allele assignment was analyzed with Assign-SBT 3.6+ software, and the sample HLA-C typing result was C*07:04, 08:99. Increasing the sequencing analysis at exons 5, 6 and 7 of HLA-C locus will help to make clear the ambiguous SBT result and improve the accuracy of HLA-C typing when it is necessary, which shows important significance in clinical tissue matching.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

人类白细胞抗原新等位基因B*54:09的序列分析

目的 鉴定1名中国人白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)新等位基因.方法 应用基于Luminex平台的聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes,PCR-SSOP)方法对先证者进行HLA基因分型、PCR产物测序和基因克隆DNA测序,通过软件分析该基因序列并与同源性最高的HLA等位基因比较序列差异.结果 PCR-SSOP基因分型显示先证者HLA-B位点反应格局异常,疑为HLA新等位基因.基因克隆后测序结果显示,其中1个等位基因为B*59:01,另一个等位基因序列与所有已知HLA等位基因不同,与同源性最高的HLA-B* 54:06基因序列相比,在第3外显子有6个核苷酸不同(nt486G→C、nt527A→T、nt538T→C、nt539G→T、nt559 C→A和nt560 T→C),导致了3个氨基酸改变,152位氨基酸由Glu→Val,156位氨基酸Trp→Leu和163位氨基酸Leu→Thr.结论 该等位基因为HLA新等位基因,被世界卫生组织HLA因子命名委员会正式命名为HLA-B* 54:09.     

HLA-A*3101、B*4001、B*5801、DRB1*1602等位基因与遵义地区汉族肾综合征出血热发病的相关性研究

目的 探讨HLA-A*31、B*40、B*58、DRB1*16位点基因多态性与遵义地区汉族肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的关联性.方法 采用群体研究方法,应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术对100例HFRS患者(患者组)和100例健康对照者(健康对照组)进行HLA-A*31、B*40、B*58、DRB1*16基因亚型分型,比较基因频率(GF),并计算其相对危险度(RR).结果 HFRS患者组HLA-A*3101、B*5801、DRB1*1602的基因频率均较对照组明显增高(RR=13.825,x2=4.296,P=0.038;RR=2.614,x2=6.133,P=0.013;RR=8.523,x2=8.865,P=0.003),差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);患者组HLA-B*4001的基因频率较对照组明显降低(RR=0.414,x2=6.640,P=0.010),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 遵义地区汉族人群中,HLA-A*3101、B*5801、DRB1*1602等位基因与HFRS呈正相关,HLA-B*4001等位基因与HFRS呈负相关.     

Behçet's disease: the first Mongolian case in literature showing HLA B51, MICA gene type *5/*6

Beh?et's disease is a chronic multi-systemic disease of unknown origin that includes mucocutaneous, ocular, cardiac, vascular, renal, gastrointestinal, neurologic and cutaneous involvement. The disease is spread throughout the world, but it is most prevalent in the eastern Mediterranean region-along the Silk Road-, and in Japan, China, and Korea. Recently, we treated a Mongolian patient who had complete-type Beh?et's disease. As far as we know, this case is the first report of a Mongolian with Beh?et's disease in the English literature. HLA typing in this patient revealed A2, A24;B51, B35; Cw4, Cw7; DR9, DR11. Study of the MICA genetype showed *5, *6 positive. Our data provided adequate evidence, from an epidemiological aspect, to support the belief that Beh?et's disease is most prevalent along the old Silk Road.     

新等位基因人类白细胞抗原B*15:133的鉴定及其原核表达

背景：国际上至2010-04共报告人类白细胞抗原4 633个等位基因,中国自2000年至少发现200个新的等位基因,由于资金和时间有限,大部分新等位基因未作血清分型、家系研究以及进一步的功能性研究。 目的：在健康志愿者人群中发现新等位基因,并对其进行家系研究,同时构建重链胞外区多肽的原核细胞表达载体,鉴定其在原核细胞中是否表达。 方法：利用PCR-SSO和PCR-SBT技术,对人群的人类白细胞抗原进行筛选。使用血清学和SBT技术对拥有新等位基因的供者进行家系分析。用分子克隆的方法构建表达载体转染原核细胞,运用Western-blot鉴定是否表达。 结果与结论：发现一个新等位基因与人类白细胞抗原B*15:18:01在第419位相差一个核苷酸,C->T, 即Codon116位 TCC->TTC,导致氨基酸由丝氨酸改变成苯丙氨酸。最终确定命名为人类白细胞抗原B*15:133。血清学表达B71(70)抗原。发现此供者的新等位基因来自于母亲。表达载体pET30a(+)- B*15:133在原核细胞中表达的多肽可被抗HIS标签单克隆抗体特异性识别。结果表明,使用分子生物学技术在大样本的筛查下发现了新等位基因人类白细胞抗原B*15:133,利用分子克隆的方法成功构建表达载体pET30a(+)- B*15:133,并在原核细胞中有大量高纯度蛋白表达。     

人类白细胞抗原新等位基因B*07:110的序列分析及确认

背景：近几年来,随着中华骨髓库的建立和人类白细胞抗原分型技术的不断发展和提高,中国人类白细胞抗原新等位基因不断被发现。 目的：采用序列分析确认1例中国人的人类白细胞抗原新等位基因。 方法：应用聚合酶链式反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针基因分型技术进行样本的人类白细胞抗原基因分型,并应用基于测序的方法分析该基因序列及与最相近等位基因序列的差异。 结果与结论：聚合酶链式反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针结果显示,该样本人类白细胞抗原B基因座反应格局出现异常;基因测序结果表明,其B基因座第2外显子序列与所有已知人类白细胞抗原B等位基因序列均不一致,在所检测的第2、3外显子中,与序列同源性最高的等位基因B*07:01:02的差异是在第2外显子发生了nt 226和nt 228两个A->G核苷酸取代,导致第76位密码子由ATA->GTG,相应的导致氨基酸由异亮氨酸(I)改变为缬氨酸(V)。将其序列提交国际基因数据库(GenBank)及IMGT/HLA数据库,证实该新人类白细胞抗原等位基因为国际上首次发现,被世界卫生组织织人类白细胞抗原因子命名委员会正式命名为人类白细胞抗原B*07:110 (HM989017)。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

人类白细胞抗原新等位基因B*55:35的鉴定及家系调查

目的 鉴定人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)基因B位点的1个新等位基因并调查其遗传情况.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针(polymerase chain reactionsequence specific oligonucleotide probe,PCR-SSOP) HLA分型技术发现1个疑似的新HLA等位基因,通过DNA测序鉴定其序列,并与同源性最高的HLA基因进行核苷酸序列比对,对携带者家系进行调查.结果应用PCR-SSOP进行HLA基因分型时,该样本HLA-B位点反应格局异常.DNA序列分析证实其为1个新HLA-B等位基因.与同源性最高的等位基因B*55:02比较,在第2外显子区域中有7个碱基发生改变,导致6个密码子发生了变化,造成2个氨基酸改变,即第69位的氨基酸由谷氨酸(Glu)变为甲硫氨酸(Met)、第70位的氨基酸由谷氨酸(Glu)变为丙氨酸(Ala).结论 发现并鉴定了HLA-B位点的1个新等位基因,GenBank注册号为FJ898284,被世界卫生组织HLA因子命名委员会正式命名为HLA-B* 55:35.     

HLA新等位基因B*5618的序列分析

目的识别确认中国汉族人群中的HLA新等位基因。方法采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes,PCR-SSOP)方法、聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-sequence specific primer,PCR-SSP)方法以及基因测序分型(sequence-based typing,SBT)技术,发现1个与HLA-B*5610等位基因相近的未知等位基因。以基因特异性引物单独扩增B*56基因并对第2、3、4外显子进行双向测序,序列经BLAST验证并分析该基因与B*5610基因的核苷酸序列差异。结果该基因为新的等位基因,其序列已被GenBank接受(编号为EF016753)。新等位基因与最接近的B*5610相比,在第3外显子上有4个核苷酸的不同,即第379位C→G(密码子127CTG→GTG,氨基酸127Leu→Val);第412位A→G(密码子138AAC→GAC,氨基酸138Asn→Asp);第419位T→C、第420位A→C(密码子140TTA→TCC,氨基酸140Leu→Ser)。结论该等位基因为新的HLA-B等位基因,2006年9月已被世界卫生组织HLA因子命名委员会正式命名为HLA-B*5618。     

新的HLA-B等位基因B*5522的测序分析

人类白细胞抗原(HLA)在造血干细胞移植和器官移植中发挥重要作用.HLA系统是目前所知最具多态性的系统,现已命名的HLA等位基因超过2941个,并且仍不断在发现新的等位基因.本文在检测造血干细胞捐献者样本中发现一例新的HLA-B等位基因,已被世界卫生组织(WHO)HLA命名委员会于2006年4月正式命名为HLA-B*5522,现将结果报告如下.     

On the antigenic variation of the influenza A virus“*”

Summary A sensitive micro antibody absorption test has been developed for use in studies on the antigenic structure of the influenza virus. The antigenic structure of the A-prime strains isolated in Hungary in the period 1949–54, as determined in tests against strain-specific sera, suggested that these strains originated or developed from the strains which had been isolated in Hungary at earlier dates.The experimental evidence obtained permits one to draw the conclusion that the variation of the antigen of the influenza A virus takes place not by a rearrangement of already present antigenic parts, but by an appearance of new and disappearance of old antigens. Changes in the viral antigen were demonstrable also within a single epidemic.The strains of influenza A virus can be classified by the use of strainspecific sera prepared with due regard to the origin of antigens within single strains.     

新等位基因HLA-A*11:97与HLA-B*44:127的确认

背景：近几年来,随着分子生物学的发展及人类白细胞抗原分型技术的提高,人类白细胞抗原新等位基因不断被发现。 目的：识别并确认两个新的人类白细胞抗原等位基因。 方法：应用PCR-SBT、GSSP及单链测序基因分型技术对两份中华骨髓库供者样本进行人类白细胞抗原A,B,DRB1位点进行基因分型,对新等位基因进行DNA测序并与已知同源性最高的等位基因型进行序列比对。 结果与结论：两个样本各有一个位点与目前已知的相应人类白细胞抗原A、B等位基因序列均不一致,样本1与其同源性最高的A*11:01:01的差异表现在第2外显子区域中的193G>T,194C>T,导致第41位密码子由丙氨酸变为亮氨酸,样本2与其同源性最高的B*44:02比较差异表现在第2外显子区域中第320位碱基由G>A,导致编码的第83位密码子由精氨酸变为组氨酸。说明两个样本分别为人类白细胞抗原A 和B位点的新等位基因,并已被WHO 人类白细胞抗原因子命名委员会正式命名为人类白细胞抗原A*11:97和B*44:127。