外加电场对实验性大鼠脊髓损伤作用的研究

目的:探讨脊髓损伤后外加电场(electric fields,EF)对脊髓血流量(spinal cord blod flow,SCBF)及神经功能的影响。方法:Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为对照组(CON组)和EF治疗组(EF组)。Allen's打击法50 gcm(5 g×10 m)致伤大鼠L1～L2段脊髓,给予EF治疗,于伤前、伤后即刻、1、3、6、24 h分别记录T12段脊髓血流量、脊髓感觉诱发电位。术后7、14天行联合行为评分(CBS)。结果:与盐水对照组比较,应用EF后,大鼠SCBF、SEP明显优于CON组(P<0.05)。结论:EF能有效改善损伤早期脊髓微循环,保护脊髓神经功能。     

丹参对急性脊髓损伤患者血液流变学的影响

目的研究经静脉注射丹参液对急性脊髓损伤(ASCI)患者血液流变学的影响.方法20例ASCI患者随机分为甲基强的松龙(MP)治疗组,丹参治疗组.治疗前和治疗后2、12、24 h检测患者血液流变学指标:全血黏度低、中、高切变值、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、红细胞聚集指数(RAI)、红细胞变形指数(RDI)结果经丹参治疗后,ASCI患者血液流变学指标明显改善,并有显著性差异.结论静注丹参液可改善ASCI患者微循环,对ASCI起保护作用.     

猫低速弹颅脑伤时血液流变学变化及实验治疗

目的：研究猫低速弹颅脑伤（LMCW）后几种重要血液流变学指标的变化,探索甘露醇、低分子右旋糖酐（低右）治疗对脑微循环的影响。方法：改良Carey法制作猫LMCW模型,将24只猫分为创伤组（C组）、甘露醇治疗组（Man组）、低右组（Dex组）和甘露醇＋低右治疗组（M＋D组）4组,分别于伤前、伤后5个时间点采静脉血测算ηb,ηP、PFC、HCT、ESR、AI和TK等。结果：LMCW后C组ηb,ηp、PFC等明显升高,TK下降,Man或Dex均可改善血液流变学特性,M＋D治疗改善时间较长,结论：Man和／或Dex40明显改善脑外伤后脑微循环异常可能是通过改善血液流变性实现的。     

银杏叶制剂、丹参对急性肾功能衰竭家兔血液流变学的影响

目的 :探讨银杏叶制剂 (GbE)、丹参对实验性急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)兔血液流变学、肾功能的影响。方法 :用 5 0 %的甘油 10ml/kg行兔后肢肌肉加压注射 ,建立ARF动物模型 ,观察不同时相血液流变学、肾功能 (血Cr、BUN)的改变 ,并给予GbE、丹参注射液处理。结果 :ARF组肾功能明显下降 ,血液流变学指标明显异常。GbE组、丹参组动物血液流变学指标明显改善 ;肾功能得到保护。结论 :GbE、丹参对甘油所致ARF家兔的血液流变性、肾功能有明显的保护作用     

银杏叶制剂和丹参对急性肾功能衰竭家兔rRBF的影响

目的探讨急性肾功能衰竭 (ARF)兔肾皮质局部血流量(rRBF)与血液流变学的关系 ,以及银杏叶制剂 (GbE)、丹参对其的影响。方法用50 %的甘油10ml/kg 行兔后肢肌肉加压注射 ,建立ARF动物模型 ,观察血液流变学、rRBF的变化 ,并给予GbE、丹参注射液对比观察。结果ARF组血液流变学指标明显异常 ,rRBF明显下降。ηb、ηp、EAI、HCT等与rRBF呈明显负相关(P均<0.05)。GbE组、丹参组动物血液流变学、rRBF等指标明显改善。结论ARF时血液流变特性恶化和肾局部微循环障碍可能是造成rRBF下降的直接原因之一。GbE、丹参对甘油所致ARF家兔的血液流变特性及肾组织缺血性损害有明显的保护作用     

银杏叶制剂和丹参对急性肾衰兔肾皮质局部血流量的影响

目的探讨急性肾功能衰竭(acute renal failure,ARF)兔肾皮质局部血流量(regional renalblood flow,rRBF)与血液流变学的关系,以及银杏叶制剂(Ginkgo Bilobal Extraction,GbE)、丹参对其的影响.方法用50%的甘油10 ml/kg行兔后肢肌肉加压注射,建立ARF动物模型,观察血液流变学、rRBF的变化,并给予GbE、丹参注射液对比观察.结果 ARF组血液流变学指标明显异常,rRBF明显下降.ηb、ηb、EAI、HCT等与rRBF呈明显负相关(P均＜0.05).GbE组、丹参组动物血液流变学、rRBF等指标明显改善.结论 ARF时血液流变特性恶化和肾局部微循环障碍可能是造成rRBF下降的直接原因之一.GbE、丹参对甘油所致ARF家兔的血液流变特性及肾组织缺血性损害有明显的保护作用.     

丹参对脊髓损伤早期自由基影响的实验研究

目的通过观察大白兔脊髓损伤模型，早期及使用丹参后的变化，探讨丹参在脊髓损伤早期对自由基的作用机制。方法通过改良的Allen‘s法制作脊髓损伤模型。分别在不同时段测定血液标本和脊髓标本的丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)。通过应用丹参观察上述指标的变化，并在光镜下观察组织形态的变化。结果损伤组血液标本和脊髓标本中MDA升高、SOD降低，丹参组血液标本和脊髓标本中MDA有所减低，SOD有所升高，丹参组血液标本和脊髓标本所测定的各个指标与损伤组的比较有显著性差别。组织学形态上，丹参组治疗组脊髓损伤程度小，神经元细胞破坏少。结论脊髓损伤后血液和脊髓组织中氧自由基含量升高，丹参能有效清除自由基，从而保护脊髓，在一定程度上阻止继发损伤的进一步发展。     

益母草对失血性休克大鼠器官血流量和血液流变的影响

目的:探讨益母草注射液(LHS)对失血性休克大鼠血液动力学的影响。方法:通过从颈总动脉放全复制大鼠失血性休克模型,采用观察器官微循环观察、微血流量和血液流变学测定方法,观察LHS对失血性休克转归时血液动力学的调节作用。结果:失血性休克时,器官血流量降低,血粘度增高;LHS和NS组均能改善胃、肠、肝的微区血流量,但前者效果优于NS组(p<0．05);AHL治疗后,血粘度、血小板粘附率和聚集率明显低于NS治疗组,且红细胞变形能力明显增强 (p<0．05)。结论:LHS能明显改善失血性休克时的血液动力学异常。     

丹参对实验性颅脑损伤大鼠血流动力学的作用

目的：探讨丹参对实验性颅脑损伤（traumatic brain injury,TBI)后大鼠血液流变学影响及可能作用机理。材料与方法：用流体冲击装置制作中度大鼠颅脑损伤模型。实验分为：TBI＋丹参组、TBI＋生理盐水组（NS）、TBI模型组，前2组分别于脑损伤后24h静脉给予丹参治疗（丹参注射液，1mg/kg,iv)、和等量的生理盐水，TBI模型组不治疗。氢清除法检测大鼠脑局部血流量（regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF)变化，在给予丹参注射液后1、2、4、6h抽血液，检测全血粘度（whole blood viscosity,WBV)、血球压积（hematocrit of red cells,HRC)的变化。结果：TBI＋丹参组，全血粘度、红细胞压积明显低于TBI＋NS。结论：丹参治疗能改善脑损伤早期的血液流变性，且rCBF明显低于伤前。     

自血光量子疗法治疗兔脊髓损伤的血气变化

36只家兔所做的动物实验,其中24只家免造成脊髓损伤.通过血气分析,发现伤后家兔的动、静脉血都出现了氧分压(PO_2)、氧饱和度(O_2sat)及氧含量(O_2ct)的明显降低.经自血光量子疗法治疗后,PO_2、O_2sat及O_2ct有明显提高.而PH及五项代谢性指标无明显变化.提示自血光量子疗法能改善组织缺氧状态、加强缺血组织的血液供应,提高脊髓的血流量,促进其功能恢复.     

急性脊髓损伤后胶质酸性蛋白表达变化及意义

目的 观察急性脊髓损伤(SCI)后大鼠后肢功能恢复情况，以及损伤后胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达的变化。方法 取雌性SD大鼠32只随机分为4组(n=8)：假手术组、伤后5d、9d、18d组．Allen法致伤脊髓．用大鼠综合行为评分法(CBS)对各级神经功能评分。用免疫荧光化学染色和图像分析的方法观察GFAP表达变化。结果 1．在行为观察中，发现大鼠脊髓损伤后有自行恢复倾向，损伤后18天后肢功能恢复67．5％。2．脊髓损伤后18d GFAP表达明显增强。结论 1、急性脊髓损伤后脊髓有自我修复的倾向。2、胶质细胞对脊髓损伤后的功能恢复起到重要作用。     

脊髓血供及其监测研究

本文主要对脊髓的血供及目前的用于监测脊髓血供的方法和未来可能应用的新技术做一个综述,旨在协助临床脊柱外科医生能更好地对脊髓血供进行监测,预防脊髓缺血的发生,减少脊髓缺血所引起的损伤。     

Morphology and Morphometry of Human Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fuzzy Logic

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on regions rostral to the injury site in four human subjects with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and equivalent regions in four neurologically intact subjects. Apparent diffusion coefficients were measured and compared between subjects. A fuzzy logic tissue classification algorithm was used to segment gray and white matter regions for morphometric analysis, including comparisons of cross-sectional areas of gray and white matter along with frontal and sagittal diameters. Results indicated a general decrease in both longitudinal and transverse diffusivity in the upper cervical segments of subjects with chronic SCI. Further, a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the entire spinal cord was observed in subjects with SCI, consistent with severe atrophy of the spinal cord. These observations have implications in tracking the progression of SCI from the acute to the chronic stages. We conclude that DTI with fuzzy logic tissue classification has potential for monitoring morphological changes in the spinal cord in people with SCI.     

中医情志治疗对脊髓损伤患者正负性情绪的影响

目的:探讨中医情志治疗对改善脊髓损伤患者正性负性情绪的效果。方法:将68例脊髓损伤患者,随机分为对照组(常规康复治疗)、实验组(情志干预+常规康复治疗)各34例,采用正性负性情绪量表(PANAS),焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS),于干预前及干预6个月进行测评和对照研究,并将干预前两组患者SAS、SDS评分分别与国内常模比较。结果:1两组患者干预前SAS、SDS评分均明显高于国内常模,具有显著性差异(t=6.63,7.08,9.03,12.19;P0.01);2实验组干预后SAS、SDS、负性情绪(NA)评分降低,正性情绪(PA)评分升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.69,6.13,-3.86,4.27;P0.01)。结论:中医情志治疗可改善脊髓损伤患者的焦虑抑郁情绪,减轻患者负性情绪。     

Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin and Methylprednisolone in the Rat Spinal Cord Injury

In addition to imperiling an individual's daily life, spinal cord injury (SCI), a catastrophic medical damage, can permanently impair an individual's body function. Methylprednisolone (MP), a medically accepted therapeutic drug for SCI, is highly controversial for the lack of consensus on its true therapeutic effect. In recent years, curcumin has served as a potential and novel therapeutic drug in SCI. Our study was intended to investigate the precise effect of MP and curcumin in SCI. We examined the function of MP and curcumin in a SCI model rat, both in vivo and in vitro, and found that there was a momentous improvement in Basso‐Beattie‐Bresnahan scores in the MP‐treated group when compared with Cur‐treated group within 14 days. Results obtained from the histological, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural examinations evidenced the curative effect of MP was better than curcumin before Day 14. Nonetheless, there was a significant variation in the treatment effect between the MP‐treated and Cur‐treated groups after 14 days. The curcumin's effectiveness was more obvious than MP after 14 days following SCI. As such, we surmise that curcumin has a better therapeutic potential than MP with a prolong treatment time in the wake of SCI. Anat Rec, 301:686–696, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

紫外线照射充氧自血回输对家兔脊髓损伤后血液循环的影响

家兔用改良Allen 氏系统造成不完全性脊髓损伤,随机分为对照组、损伤组和治疗组。分别测定血液和脊髓组织TXB 2、 6-keto-PGF 1 a 和ET-1 含量;以及脊髓组织灰质、白质和总血流量,研究紫外线照射和充氧自血回输疗法（UBIO）治疗脊髓损伤的作用机制。实验发现：损伤组血液和脊髓组织TXB 2 含量升高、6-keto-PGF 1 a 含量下降、ET-1 含量升高。脊髓组织灰质和白质血流量以及脊髓组织总血流量均下降。治疗组用UBIO 治疗后,血液和脊髓组织TXB 2 含量下降、6-keto-PGF 1 a 含量升高、ET-1 含量下降。脊髓组织灰质和白质血流量以及脊髓组织总血流量均上升。实验说明：UBIO 可以改善全身和脊髓组织的血液循环。     

Simvastatin treatment improves functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury by upregulating the expression of BDNF and GDNF

The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of simvastatin treatment starting 1 day after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rat and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Spinal cord injury was induced in adult female Sprague–Dawley rats after laminectomy at T9-T10. Then additionally with sham group (laminectomy only) the SCI animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: vehicle-treated group; 5-mg/kg simvastatin-treated group; and 10-mg/kg simvastatin-treated group. Simvastatin or vehicle was administered orally at 1 day after SCI and then daily for 5 weeks. Locomotor functional recovery was assessed during 8 weeks postoperation by performing open-field locomotor test and inclined-plane test. At the end of study, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were assessed to evaluate the integrity of spinal cord pathways. Then, the animals were killed, and 1-cm segments of spinal cord encompassing the injury site were removed for histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the spinal cord. Results show that the simvastatin-treated animals showed significantly better locomotor function recovery, better electrophysiological outcome, less myelin loss, and higher expression of BDNF and GDNF. These findings suggest that simvastatin treatment starting 1 day after SCI can significantly improve locomotor recovery, and this neuroprotective effect may be related to the upregulation of BDNF and GDNF. Therefore, simvastatin may be useful as a promising therapeutic agent for SCI.     

The Effects of Age on the Morphometry of the Cervical Spinal Cord and Spinal Column in Adult Rats: An MRI‐Based Study

Rat models are commonly used to investigate the pathophysiological pathways and treatment outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI). The high incidence of fall‐induced SCI in older adults has created a need for aging models of SCI in rats to investigate potential age‐related differences in SCI severity and outcomes. The aims of this study were to determine the influences of age and vertebral level on the geometries of the cervical spinal cord and spinal column in a rat model. Three young (3 months) and three aged (12 months) Fischer 344 rats were imaged in a high field (7 T) small‐animal magnetic resonance imaging system. All spinal cord geometry variables (including depth, width, and axial cross‐sectional area) and one spinal canal variable (depth) were significantly larger in the aged specimens by an average of 8.1%. There were main effects of vertebral level on all spinal cord variables and four spinal canal variables with values generally larger at C4 as compared to C6 (average increases ranged from 5.7% to 12.9% in spinal cord measures and 5.4% to 6.8% in spinal canal measures). High inter‐rater reliability between two measurers was observed with a mean intraclass correlation of 0.921 and percent difference of 0.9% across all variables measured. This study clearly demonstrates that cervical spinal cord geometry changes between the ages of 3 and 12 months in Fischer 344 rats. This information can aid in the planning and interpretation of studies that use a rat model to investigate the influence of age on cervical SCI. Anat Rec, 297:1885–1895, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者护理中集束化康复护理的应用分析

目的 研究脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者护理中集束化康复护理的应用。方法 选取于2016年2月~2017年5月入院68例脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组39例。对照组选用常规方式予以护理,研究组基于常规方式选用集束化康复护理模式;比较两组脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者护理后满意度与护理前后膀胱容量、残余尿量。结果 研究组护理后满意度为97.44%,高于对照组79.49%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。研究组护理前后膀胱容量分别为（199.64±20.05）ml、（408.87±23.14）ml,护理前后残余尿量分别为（185.29±19.86）ml、（69.71±11.75）ml,对照组护理前后膀胱容量分别为（199.73±20.12）ml、（300.41±19.88）ml,护理前后残余尿量分别为（184.93±19.94）ml、（107.64±15.28）ml,两组患者护理后膀胱容量、残余尿量优于护理前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组护理后膀胱容量、残余尿量优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者护理中集束化康复护理的应用效果显著,可供临床参考。