双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)在25cm水深中测量骨密度的准确性比较

目的探讨DXA测量骨密度的准确性.方法用DXA(前后位扫描)测量5具浸泡在25cm水深中的猪腰段脊柱,共计20例椎骨,将测量的结果与灰重及灰重密度计算相关性.结果骨矿含量(BMC)与灰重的相关性为0 .94,P＜0.01,而骨密度(BMD)较差r=0.4,P＞0.05.结论 DXA测量骨密度中骨矿含量(BMC)较准确,而骨密度(BMD)较差.     

双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)在10厘米水深中测量猪脊柱骨密度的准确性比较

目的　探讨DXA测量骨密度的准确性。方法　用DXA(前后位扫描 )测量 5具浸泡在 10cm水深中的猪腰段脊柱 ,共计 2 0例椎骨 ,将测量的结果与灰重及灰重密度计算相关性。结果　骨矿含量 (BMC)与灰重的相关性为 0 95 ,P <0 0 1,而骨密度 (BMD)较差r =0 4 7,(P <0 0 5 )。结论　DXA测量骨密度中骨矿含量 (BMC)较准确 ,而骨密度 (BMD)较差     

原发性高血压与骨密度的关系

目的:探讨原发性高血压与骨密度的关系.方法:选取122例受试者者,将其分为对照组(60例)和高血压组(62例),两组患者分别接受体重、身高、腰围、臀围的测量,同时接受双能x线骨密度仪检测,得到骨矿含量、骨密度及T值、Z值.结果:在纠正年龄、体重、身高、BMI、腰围、臀围等影响后,收缩压与骨密度呈正相关,舒张压与骨密度无关.结论:收缩压与骨密度呈正相关,舒张压与骨密度无关,考虑控制血压有助于高血压患者的骨质疏松症的防治.     

武汉地区0～3岁健康儿童骨密度值测量

目的探讨武汉地区婴幼儿骨骼发育的规律。方法采用双能X线吸收法测定武汉地区8286名0~3岁婴幼儿前臂远端1/3桡尺骨的骨密度(BMD)。结果0~3岁婴幼儿前臂远端1/3桡尺骨的BMD值随年龄的增长而逐渐增高;婴幼儿前臂远端1/3桡尺骨BMD从1个月(0·1498±0·0119)g/cm2增加到1岁(0·1640±0·0140)g/cm2,2岁时增至(0·1724±0·0118)g/cm2,3岁时增至(0·1779±0·0124)g/cm2,以1岁内BMD增长最多(P<0·05)。各年龄段之间BMD差异具有显著性(P<0·05),但各组不同性别间BMD差异无显著性。结论婴幼儿期是BMD增加较快的阶段。本研究结果可为建立婴幼儿BMD正常值提供参考,为评价婴幼儿期钙营养状况提供依据。     

沈阳市5岁以上儿童骨密度分析研究

目的 研究沈阳地区5岁以上儿童骨密度变化规律,了解该地区儿童骨密度的正常参考范围.方法 选择2003～2007年在沈阳市儿童医院儿保门诊进行体检的5～15岁健康儿童及青少年为研究对象,利用美国LUNAR公司生产的DPX-NT型双能X线骨密度仪进行检测.结果 各年龄组儿童骨密度与其年龄(r=0.997,P＜0.001)、身高(r=0.983,P＜0.001)呈显著正相关,在青春期前(8～12岁)男女骨密度有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 骨密度受年龄、性别影响,可作为儿童期钙营养的判定指标.     

271例3~11岁儿童骨密度分析

目的:探讨儿童时期全身及身体各部位骨密度的变化规律。方法:选择济南市区无任何内外科疾病、未出现第二性征的271例3~11岁儿童作为研究对象,采用美国LUNAR公司生产的DPX-NT型双能X线骨密度仪测量全身及各部位(包括头、上肢、下肢、躯干、肋骨、骨盆和脊柱)的骨密度。结果:儿童时期骨密度值随年龄增长而增加,身体各部位的骨密度存在显著的性别及年龄差异。尽管骨的发育因躯体部位、性别、年龄而异,但男、女童均在6~8岁年龄段增长较快,9~11岁时增长缓慢。结论:骨的发育因性别、年龄和部位不同而呈现不同规律,在评价骨密度时应予以考虑。     

双能X线吸收法测量双侧髋部骨密度的比较

目的　了解双侧髋部骨密度之间的关系。方法　采用双能X线骨密度仪测量70例15～86岁（平均年龄53岁）健康志愿者双侧髋部骨密度。结果双侧髋部各部位骨密度呈高度正相关（r=0.696～0.979,P<0.001），右侧骨密度均值显著高于左侧（P<0.01），对应部位骨密度的平均差异为2%～3%；髋部除Ward’s区骨密度与体质量不相关外（r=0.037,P>0.05）,其余部位骨密度与体质量呈正相关（r=0.289～0.488,P<0.05）。结论　双侧髋部各部位骨密度呈高度正相关，骨密度值高度一致。     

骨质疏松与骨密度仪进展

骨密度测定是评价骨质丢失、诊断骨质疏松的重要手段之一.本文概要叙述了骨密度各种测量方法;阐述了骨密度仪的诊断判据.本文还重点阐述了双能X线骨密度仪的进展,列举了常用双能X线骨密度仪技术指标比较.     

双能X线骨密度检测在骨质疏松症筛查中的应用探讨

目的探讨骨质疏松筛查中采取双能X线骨密度检测的作用价值,为后续临床应用提供方法参考。方法以2016年3月-2019年3月期间在西安交通大学第一附属医院门诊检查怀疑为骨质疏松136例患者为研究对象,所有患者均采取双能X线骨密度检测,分析检查结果。结果 136例患者中检出骨质疏松61例,其余75例为骨量减少症,女性患者发病率高于男性;骨质疏松发生情况与患者年龄具有密切相关性。结论骨质疏松症检查中采取双能X线骨密度检测可快速检出患者疾病类型,可作为骨质疏松筛选的金标准。     

胫骨定量超声和双能X线吸收法测量1596例女性骨密度的比较

目的评价胫骨定量超声(QUS)和双能X线吸收法(DXA)在骨密度(BMD)测量和骨质疏松(OP)诊断中的一致性。方法用胫骨QUS测量1596例健康女性的胫骨超声传播速率(SOS),同时用DXA测量受试者腰椎后前位和侧位、髋部和前臂BMD。结果胫骨SOS与DXA测量的各部位BMD均有良好的相关性(P=0.000)。QUS与DXA测量各部位诊断OP的齐同率为(47.9±26.4)%。QUS对OP的检出率在60岁以上女性与DXA测量腰椎整体体积BMD和前臂多数区域BMD对OP的检出率差异无统计学意义。DXA与QUS测量诊断OP的齐同率以在前臂各区最高(61.6%~100.0%),股骨颈最低(12.6%~20.5%)。结论胫骨QUS与DXA的骨密度检查有较好的相关性,可作为BMD测量法的互补手段和骨质疏松的一种筛查方法;胫骨QUS可能更适合于年龄相对较大(60岁以上)的女性。     

Lead exposure and spine bone mineral density

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in spine BMD over time in relation to changes in bone and blood lead levels and baseline risk factors among female former smelter workers in Bunker Hill, Idaho. METHODS: Spine BMD was measured using Norland XR-26 X-Ray bone densitometer. Cd109 K XRF system was used to estimate tibia bone lead content. Blood lead levels were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption with Zeeman effect background correction. Information about risk factors was obtained through a questionnaire. RESULTS: In the final backward stepwise multivariate regression model after controlling for baseline BMD, baseline blood lead measured in 1994 and time since menopause; spine bone density in 2000 decreased with increasing blood lead levels in 2000 in all these women, especially if they worked in a technical job (miner) most of the time at the smelter. CONCLUSIONS: Blood lead may adversely affect bone mineral density.     

The use of anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures to estimate total abdominal and abdominal visceral fat in men and women.

OBJECTIVE: A single-slice computed tomography (CT) scan provides a criterion measure of total abdominal fat (TAF) and abdominal visceral fat (AVF), but this procedure is often prohibitive due to radiation exposure, cost, and accessibility. In the present study, the utility of anthropometric measures and estimates of trunk and abdominal fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to predict CT measures of TAF and AVF (cross-sectional area, cm2) was assessed. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: CT measures of abdominal fat (at the level of the L4-L5 inter-vertebral space), DXA scans, and anthropometric measures were obtained in 76 Caucasian adults ages 20-80 years. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that abdominal sagittal diameter measured by anthropometry is an excellent predictor of sagittal diameter measured from a CT image (r=0.88 and 0.94; Total Error [TE]=4.1 and 3.1 cm, for men and women, respectively). In both men and women, waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter were the anthropometric measures most strongly associated with TAF (r=0.87 to 0.93; Standard Error of Estimate (SEE)=60.7 to 75.4 cm2) and AVF (r=0.84 to 0.93; SEE=0.7 to 30.0 cm2). The least predictive anthropometric measure of TAF or AVF was the commonly used waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). DXA estimates of trunk and abdominal fat mass were strongly associated with TAF (r=.94 to 0.97; SEE=36.9 to 50.9 cm2) and AVF (r=0.86 to 0.90; SEE=4.9 to 27.7 cm2). DISCUSSION: The present results suggest that waist circumference and/or abdominal sagittal diameter are better predictors of TAF and AVF than the more commonly used WHR. DXA trunk fat and abdominal fat appear to be slightly better predictors of TAF but not AVF compared to these anthropometric measures. Thus DXA does not offer a significant advantage over anthropometry for estimation of AVF.     

Body fat measurement in adolescents: comparison of skinfold thickness equations with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

OBJECTIVE: To compare the most commonly used equations to predict body fatness from skinfold thickness, in male and female adolescents, with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method of fatness measurement. DESIGN: Cross-sectional nutrition survey. SETTING: General adolescent population from Zaragoza (Spain). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 238 Caucasian adolescents (167 females and 113 males), aged 13.0-17.9 y, were recruited from 15 school groups in 11 public and private schools. The percentage fat mass (%FM) was calculated by using skinfold-thickness equations. Predicted %FM was compared with the reference %FM values, measured by DXA. The lack of agreement between methods was assessed by calculating the bias and its 95% limits of agreement. RESULTS: Most equations did not demonstrate good agreement compared with DXA. However, in male adolescents, Slaughter et al equations showed relative biases that were not dependent on body fatness and the limits of agreement were narrower than those obtained from the rest of equations. In females, Brook's equation showed nonsignificant differences against DXA and the narrowest 95% limits of agreement. Only biases from Brook and Slaughter et al equations were not dependent on body fatness in female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of most of the skinfold-thickness equations for assessment of %FM in adolescents was poor at the individual level. Nevertheless, to predict %FM when a relative index of fatness is required in field or clinical studies, Slaughter et al equations may be used in adolescents from both sexes and the Brook equation in female adolescents.     

Bone mineral determination using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

To quantify the appendicular and axial bone mineral with good accuracy and precision, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), DCS-600 (Aloka) for the radius, mainly composed of cortical bone, and QDR-1000 (Hologic) for the lumbar vertebrae, mainly composed of trabecular bone, was used. Bone loss with aging was earlier in females than that in males, and it was also more prominent in the lumbar vertebrae than that in the radius. Furthermore, the vertebral fracture rate could be evaluated by calculating percentile of an individual bone mineral density to the peak bone mass. Thus, the bone mineral determination using DEXA in both the appendicular and axial bone will provide a useful information in the assessment of bone loss, and the detection of the patients with high risk of fracture in osteoporosis.