双颌手术同期植骨矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形

目的:总结分析高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术与下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术联合应用,配合牙槽嵴裂植骨术矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形的手术设计与效果.方法:2002年1月～2006年4月,共收治18例唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形患者,男8例,女10例.年龄16～33岁,平均24.5岁.单侧唇腭裂15例,双侧3例.影像学检查均有继发严重双颌畸形的主要表现.均联合应用高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术和下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术,同期行牙槽嵴裂自体髂骨游离移植Ⅰ期手术矫正.结果:术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.复查头部X线片,所有患者上、下颌骨位置均得到明显改善.随访6个月～3年,牙弓外形良好,X线片示无明显骨质吸收,植骨区密度与周围接近.18例均获得满意面容及良好的<牙合>关系. 结论:高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术与下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术联合应用,配合牙槽嵴裂植骨术可以Ⅰ期矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形,并可以获得满意的手术效果.不但可以减少手术次数,而且还降低了手术费用,是矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形的一种有效方法.     

多片段LeFortI型截骨矫治严重牙颌面畸形

目的：采用多片段Le Fort I型截骨术矫治严重牙颌面畸形，并为克服术后骨段固位不良之缺点自制一种腭侧固定夹板。方法；以该手术方法联合双侧下颌升支矢状劈开术（BSSRO）矫治上颌宽度不足伴上下颌其它严重畸形的患者19例。采用单纯多片段Le Fort I型截骨6例，联合BSSRO13例。19例中上颌两片段Le Fort I型截骨12例，3片段7例。结果：术后随访6例，平均22.6m,6/6间距离平均扩宽7.3mm,3/3间平均扩宽3.9mm。无严重并发症及明显复发，咬合关系满意。结论：应用良好的腭侧固定夹板，采用多片段Le Fort I截骨联合BSSRO可一次满意矫治严重双颌畸形。     

正颌联合正畸矫治唇腭裂术后牙颌面畸形

目的以正颌外科手术联合正畸治疗的方法矫治唇腭裂术后牙颌面畸形。方法1996年以来共矫治此类畸形2l例，采用手术方法如下：Le FortⅠ型截骨术7例；多片段Le FortⅠ型截骨术5例；Le FortⅠ型截骨术加双侧下颌升支矢状劈开术（BSSRO）4例；BSSRO加颏成形术2例：Le FortⅠ型截骨术加下颌体部截骨术2例；BSSRO1例。结果2l例术后均达到模型外科设计要求，术后随访14例，平均25．6个月，九严重并发症及明显复发。12例行术前后正畸治疗者希关系及面部外形均满意，另2例个别牙齿矛台关系欠佳。结论以正颌外科手术联合正畸治疗的方法矫治成年期唇腭裂术后牙颌面畸形可取得满意结果。     

Le-FortⅠ型截骨分块联合正畸矫治严重牙颌面畸形

目的评价Le-FortⅠ型切开分块截骨联合正畸技术矫治严重牙颌面畸形的效果.方法对17例成年患者术前正畸去代偿和排齐拥挤错位牙齿,采用Le-FortⅠ型截骨,断离上颌骨,按术前设计将断离上颌骨分成2～4块,分块的上颌骨通过咬合板定位,微型钛板加钛钉坚固内固定.下颌畸形同期行下颌骨切开整复,之后配合正畸调整咬合.结果本组17例,X线头影测量显示手术前后SNA角、SNB角等软硬组织差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,术后面部外形及口腔功能均达到术前设计的预测效果,正畸矫治时间缩短,无1例骨块坏死,手术安全性高.随访3～60个月,均无复发,面部外形效果良好.结论Le-FortⅠ型切开分块截骨联合正畸术矫治严重牙颌面畸形,能提高整复和正畸矫治效果,缩短术前术后正畸时间,尤其对矫治伴有不规则的上颌牙弓畸形是一种可行、安全、有效、快捷的方法.     

下,下颌骨前部截骨术矫正上颌前突畸形

目的 为了探索简单实用的外科矫正上颌前突的方法,治疗上下颌前部为主的畸形。方法 采用局订下Ⅰ期双颌前部根尖下楔形截骨术,避免进入梨状乳而引起并发症,部分患者行术前后正畸。结果 ４６例手术效果满意,不影响原正中Ｈｅ关系。结论 该术式简单安全暴露充分,创伤小,移动范围大,是矫正轻中度颌骨畸形的理想的方法之一。     

上、下颌骨前部截骨术矫正上颌前突畸形

目的为了探索简单实用的外科矫正上颌前突的方法,治疗上下颌前部为主的畸形。方法采用局麻下Ⅰ期双颌前部根尖下楔形截骨术,避免进入梨状孔而引起并发症,部分患者行术前后正畸。结果 46例手术效果满意,不影响原正中(?)关系。结论该术式简单安全暴露充分,创伤小,移动范围大,是矫正轻中度颌骨畸形的理想方法之一。     

宽鼻背缩窄截骨术临床应用探讨

目的:总结运用内外侧联合截骨术治疗鼻背宽大畸形的经验.方法:经鼻小柱旁入路行鼻骨内侧截骨术,经鼻内梨状孔处黏膜切口或口内上齿龈沟切口,沿鼻颌沟行外侧截骨术,内、外侧联合截骨治疗鼻背宽大畸形.结果:本组24例患者,术后随访2个月～10个月,效果满意,鼻外形恢复良好.结论:内外侧联合鼻骨截骨能有效地矫正鼻背宽大畸形,获得满意的治疗效果.     

应用牵引成骨技术治疗中面部骨发育不良畸形

目的 探讨牵引成骨技术对因多颅缝早闭所致的中面部发育不良综合征的治疗效果。方法 冠状切口径路,先用LeFort Ⅲ型截骨法在眶面部截骨,使颅底和中面部先行离断,安装外置REDⅡ式中面部牵引器。术后5d开始牵拉,每天1mm牵拉前移;待中面部到达良好位置和咬合关系时,停止牵拉,并固定该装置2～4个月。结果 完成的8例患者平均手术时间3．5h,术中平均失血300ml,中面部平均前移9．0mm,下移1．5mm;术后面部外形明显改观,咬合关系接近正常;除1例固定脚处的头皮感染和1例头皮血清肿外,术后无严重并发症发生;平均随访5个月,无面部后缩等复发症状。结论 牵引成骨技术可有效治疗学龄儿童和畸形严重的中面部骨发育不良畸形。     

高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨同期牙槽嵴裂植骨矫治唇腭裂术后面中部畸形

目的 探讨联合应用高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨同期牙槽嵴裂植骨矫治唇腭裂术后面中部畸形的可行性。方法2002年1月～2005年1月，共收治10例唇腭裂术后面中部畸形患者，男4例，女6例。年龄16～32岁。单侧唇腭裂8例，双侧2例。影像学检查均有继发面中部畸形的主要表现。均采用高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨和牙槽嵴裂自体髂骨游离移植一期手术矫正。高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨的截骨线在上颌骨前壁比常规Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨线高，最高可达眶下孔下5mm左右，水平截开至颧牙槽嵴处再弧形转向下后方。结果术后伤口均I期愈合。复查头部X线片，所有患者上颌骨位置均得到明显改善。随访6～24个月，牙弓外形良好，X线片示无明显骨质吸收，植骨区密度与周围接近。10例均获得满意面容，其中9例获得良好的牙骀关系。结论高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术不仅可前移上颌骨，还可前移部分眶下区及整个鼻旁区和鼻底，更明显地改善畸形。同期行牙槽嵴裂自体髂骨游离移植，可减少手术次数、降低费用、获得理想效果，是矫治唇腭裂术后面中部继发畸形的一种有效方法。     

下颌骨牵引成骨配合正颌手术矫治成人半侧颜面短小畸形

目的 探讨下颌骨牵引成骨配合正颌手术治疗成人严重半侧颜面短小畸形的方法.方法 将患者三维CT重建数据导入Mimics软件进行手术模拟设计,确定截骨线的位置、牵引向量以及拟牵引的长度并制作手术导板.一期手术行口外入路内置式牵引器置入术,术后5～7d开始骨牵引,延长速度为1 mm/d,牵引结束后,牵引器保留3～6个月.二期手术采用上颌骨Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨,将上颌骨旋转、下降,关闭患侧开颌,采用下颌骨外板植入到上颌截骨下降后的间隙并妥善固定,以保证骨质愈合、维持上颌截骨下降后的稳定性、增加患侧上颌骨的骨体积以增加患侧的丰满度.颏部仍遗留偏斜或形态位置不佳者,同时行颏成形术予以调整.结果 2009年9月至2012年3月,采用上述方法矫治9例半侧颜面短小畸形患者,术后面部对称性、咬合关系趋近正常,效果满意.8例未出现任何并发症,1例上颌切口感染,经清创换药后延迟愈合,未影响面部形态及咬合关系.结论 下颌骨牵引成骨配合正颌手术是矫治成人半侧颜面短小畸形的有效方法.     

Increased displacement maximizes the utility of the distal chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus deformity correction

BACKGROUND: Correction of hallux valgus deformity with distal chevron osteotomy is limited by the amount of lateral translation achieved. Since 1999, the senior author has performed a modified technique referred to as increased displacement distal chevron osteotomy in which the distal fragment is translated laterally as far as necessary to obtain correction. This technique can be applied to a deformity with an intermetatarsal angle of up to 18 degrees. The surgical technique and results of this modified procedure are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The senior author's (JLB) database was searched for correction of hallux valgus deformity by distal chevron osteotomy performed over a 2-year period. Patients having undergone lateral displacement greater than 50% of the width of the head were studied. At a minimum of two years after surgery, patients were invited to participate in a telephone interview and a final followup office visit. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients underwent 72 procedures during the investigation period. Thirty-three patients having undergone 39 procedures completed comprehensive followup at an average of 34 (range, 24 to 47) months. No patients were dissatisfied and all patients would have surgery again under similar circumstances. AOFAS score averaged 93 with a standard deviation of 8.7 (range, 65 to 100). Radiographic union occurred in all 39 feet. Lateral translation averaged 8.2 mm (60%). No cases of radiographic avascular necrosis or advancement of degenerative joint disease were noted. Correction of the hallux valgus angle (HVA) averaged 22.2 degrees, intermetatarsal angle (IMA) 7.9 degrees, and sesamoid position 1.6 stages. Nine complications were identified in nine feet, two of which required additional surgery. CONCLUSION: Increasing the displacement achieved with distal chevron osteotomy resulted in reliable correction including moderate to severe deformity. At 2 years, patients displayed a high rate of satisfaction, good clinical outcomes scores, and a complication rate similar to other techniques.     

Treatment of hallux valgus with an increased distal metatarsal articular angle: evaluation of double and triple first ray osteotomies

During a 12-year period in which 878 hallux valgus corrections were performed, 18 patients (21 feet) with symptomatic hallux valgus deformity and an increased distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) underwent periarticular osteotomies (double or triple first ray osteotomies). They were studied retrospectively at an average follow-up of 33 months. The surgical technique comprised a closing wedge distal first metatarsal osteotomy combined with either a proximal first metatarsal osteotomy or an opening wedge cuneiform osteotomy (double osteotomy). When a phalangeal osteotomy was added, the procedure was termed a "triple osteotomy." The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 26 years. At final follow-up, the average hallux valgus correction measured 23 degrees and the average 1-2 intermetatarsal angle correction was 9 degrees. The DMAA averaged 23 degrees preoperatively and was corrected to an average of 9 degrees postoperatively. One patient developed a postoperative hallux varus deformity, and one patient developed a malunion, both of which required a second surgery. A hallux valgus deformity with an increased DMAA can be successfully treated with multiple first ray osteotomies that maintain articular congruity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.     

Talectomy in the treatment of resistant talipes equinovarus deformity in myelomeningocele and arthrogryposis

Eighteen patients (28 feet) with spina bifida and arthrogryposis had talectomy for correction of severe equinovarus deformity. In 26 feet, posteromedial release had been performed previously. The average age at surgery was 4 1/2 years, with a range of 1-9 years of age. The length of follow-up averaged 4 years and ranged from 12 months to 8 years. Twenty-three feet were rated good, and five were poor. Six feet, because of forefoot adduction, required further surgery (metatarsal osteotomy). Talectomy is an effective procedure for correction of hindfoot deformity. Forefoot problems must be treated as a separate entity.     

Calcaneal derotation osteotomy for clubfoot revision surgery

To describe a derotation calcaneal osteotomy technique and assess its efficacy in the correction of relapsed clubfoot. Twenty-one osteotomies were performed in 20 children with recurrent clubfoot. Nineteen children had been previously treated operatively. The derotation osteotomy was the first procedure performed in one case. The procedure combined medial and plantar releases, followed by a curvilinear osteotomy of the calcaneus. Patients were evaluated clinically and with standing dorsoplantar and lateral radiographs preoperatively, postoperatively and at follow-up. The talocalcaneal angle was considered as the most important criteria to evaluate the deformity correction. The clubfoot was idiopathic in 16 cases and neurological in five cases. Mean age at surgery was 7 years old (range 3.4-12 years). Total number of procedures per foot averaged 2.4 (range 4-1). The mean postoperative follow-up period was 2.8 years (range 2-6 years). The talocalcaneal angle increased significantly after the procedure (P<0.001), and no significant loss of correction was seen at latest follow-up (P=0.17). Two scarring complications occurred. Only one foot underwent further surgery after the calcaneal osteotomy for residual forefoot adduction, associated to a cavus and severe fibrosis. The calcaneal curvilinear osteotomy, in which the calcaneoforefoot unit derotation is performed around the talus but within the calcaneus, is a safe and efficient technique that can be proposed for clubfoot revision surgery.     

Transpedicular wedge osteotomy for correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis: experience with 78 patients

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study of surgical correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis caused by ankylosing spondylitis. OBJECTIVE: To report the surgical results of thoracolumbar kyphosis deformity corrected with transpedicular wedge osteotomy performed by a single surgeon at a university hospital. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There has not been a large series in the literature reporting on results of the Thomasen-type closing wedge osteotomy for correction of kyphosis deformity secondary to ankylosing spondylitis, nor has two-level osteotomy of this type in one patient ever been described. METHODS: From 1991 through 1998, 92 transpedicular wedge osteotomies were performed in 78 patients with ankylosing spondylitis for correction of fixed flexion deformity of the thoracolumbar spine. RESULTS: The mean amount of correction for each level of osteotomy was 34.5 degrees (range, 15 degrees -60 degrees ). The largest amount of overall correction for a single patient was 100 degrees. Most of the osteotomies (64 of 92) were done at L2 and L3. Fourteen patients with severe deformity required staged two-level osteotomy. Excellent and good results were obtained in 77 patients (98.7%) at the final follow-up. There was no mortality, nor were there any major neurological complications. CONCLUSIONS: Transpedicular wedge osteotomy can effectively and safely correct kyphotic deformity of the thoracolumbar spine caused by ankylosing spondylitis, regardless of rigidity of the spinal curves. Two-level osteotomy can provide sufficient correction for severe cases.     

Correction of cubitus varus by French or dome osteotomy: a comparative study

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of two different techniques of supracondylar osteotomy, French osteotomy and dome osteotomy, for the correction of posttraumatic cubitus varus. METHODS: A comparative randomized study was undertaken of 25 patients (average age 10 years) with an established posttraumatic cubitus varus deformity (mean time from injury to corrective osteotomy, 1.7 years). Patients were followed-up with for 1 year, and carrying angle, Baumann's angle, and internal rotation deformity were measured. Postoperative complications were assessed. RESULTS: A significant (p < 0.01) correction of carrying angle and Baumann's angle was achieved with both techniques, with no statistically significant differences between them. Although internal rotation deformity was corrected by both techniques, the correction was significantly greater with the dome osteotomy (p < 0.01). However, the persistence of internal rotation did not seem to affect the final outcome. There was a higher incidence of postoperative complications in the dome osteotomy group, including infection (1), inadequate correction (1), nerve palsy (1), loss of motion (5), and circulatory compromise (1). CONCLUSION: The dome osteotomy is technically more difficult than the French osteotomy and has a higher incidence of complications. We suggest that the French osteotomy be used for the correction of cubitus varus after supracondylar fractures of the elbow in children.     

Abnormal triangular epiphysis causing angular deformity of the thumb

PURPOSE: To present a triangular-shaped abnormal secondary ossification center of the distal phalanx causing angular deformity of the thumb and the surgical outcome of corrective closing-wedge osteotomy for this deformity. METHODS: We treated 6 patients with abnormal triangular epiphysis in the distal phalanx of the thumb, including 3 bilateral cases. The average age was 43 months and there were 2 boys and 4 girls. Of the 9 thumbs intraepiphyseal closing-wedge osteotomy was performed in 5 and proximal phalangeal closing-wedge osteotomy was performed in 4. We measured the deformities in degrees of angulation and the range of motion of the interphalangeal (IP) joint. The average duration of the follow-up period was 27 months after the surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative angular deformity of ulnar deviation averaged 30 degrees , which was reduced to an average of 12 degrees after osteotomy at the last follow-up assessment. All osteotomies healed and there was no evidence of physeal or articular damage. Interphalangeal joint range of motion did not decrease after surgery in all cases. Patients and parents were satisfied with the results of the surgery, although mild deformity persisted in the interphalangeal joint when in the flexed position after proximal phalangeal osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal triangular epiphysis causing angled thumb is different from delta bone and can be treated with either intraepiphyseal or proximal phalangeal closing-wedge osteotomy. The intraepiphyseal procedure, however, could achieve better deformity correction regardless of the interphalangeal joint position. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.     

A New Face by Combined Surgery for Patients with Complex Dentofacial Deformity

BACKGROUND: This article aims to present and discuss 53 patients who received a new identity because of major changes to the face after treatment with bimaxillary osteotomy, concomitant maxillomalar augmentation, genioplasty, and rhinoplastic procedures for their complex dentofacial skeletal deformity and class 3 malocclusion. METHODS: During a 12-year period (January 1993 to April 2005), more than 500 patients with dentofacial deformities and malocclusions have undergone orthognathic surgery performed by a team consisting of the same plastic surgeons and orthodontists. Among this group, 53 patients (30 women and 23 men) underwent surgery for both aesthetic and functional concerns. The mean patient age was 20.4 years (range, 17-28 years). All the patients were treated with bimaxillary osteotomy, concomitant maxillomalar augmentation, osseous genioplasty, and rhinoplastic procedures in the same session. The patients were followed 12 to 44 months by the plastic surgeon, and at least 1 year by the orthodontist. RESULTS: There was no orthognathic relapse or other major complications requiring reoperation. There was prolonged nerve anesthesia or hypoesthesia that resolved within 6 months for 4 patients (7.5%), a short period of anesthesia or hypoesthesia that resolved within 4 weeks for 11 patients (20.7%), a wide alar base in 3 patients, and a slight deviation of the cartilage septum in 2 patients. CONCLUSION: In one session, five different procedures can be performed without any problem, each of which can produce major changes to the face while maintaining the whole facial harmony. The authors determined that these dramatic positive outcomes for the combined procedure can easily be tolerated and accepted by all their patients. However, the patients have had difficulty with their family or friends accepting their new appearance, and even have had to change their photos on identification cards. This is encouraging for the management of new patients in the future.