Clinical and pathological features of acute interstitial pancreatitis in the aged

Histological examination of the pancreas disclosed acute diffuse interstitial pancreatitis in nine cases (0.62%) out of 1457 autopsies performed in 3 yr at two general hospitals in Tokyo. In this series, there were 11 cases of necrotizing or hemorrhagic pancreatitis. In addition to diffuse phlegmonous inflammation, acute interstitial pancreatitis was characterized by rupture of the ducts and ductules associated with profuse intraluminal exudation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and protein plugs formation. There was scarce parenchymal or fat necrosis. The interstitial type may represent characteristics of acute pancreatitis in the aged. In all nine cases, there were few clinical signs suggestive of acute pancreatitis, except for shock, that developed rapidly. Duration of the disease was rather short. Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was not made before death. In five patients, acute pancreatitis was terminally superimposed on other serious ailments. But in the other four cases, acute pancreatitis was disclosed as the primary disease at autopsy. Although there was only one case that had a possibility of being secondary to biliary tract infection, ascending bacterial infection and impaired secretion by atrophic parenchyma seemed to be involved in its pathogenesis.     

药物致急性间质性肾炎的临床及病理特征

目的观察药物相关性急性间质性肾炎(DAIN)患者的临床及病理特征。方法选取2003年1月至2009年12月经我院肾活检诊断为急性间质性肾炎的患者72例。根据病程分为急性恢复组(肌酐在3个月之内即恢复至正常水平)和慢性化组(超过3个月肌酐未恢复至正常)。比较2组患者临床及病理特点。结果抗生素是DAIN最常见的因素,其次为非甾体类抗炎药。大多数患者以消化道症状为主诉。慢性化组和急性恢复组在起病时肌酐、病因及临床表现上差异无统计学意义,但慢性化组发病年龄较大(48.8岁对40.6岁,P=0.009),视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)明显升高[(32.2±19.6)mg/L对(17.1±14.9)mg/L,P<0.01],开始就诊时间明显长于恢复组(34.7 d对14.5 d,P<0.001)。病理上小管病变未见明显差异,但慢性化组间质弥漫细胞浸润的发生率明显大于恢复组。结论抗生素是DAIN最常见病因。发病年龄越大、间质浸润细胞多,易演变为慢性化,预后相对越差。故对年龄较大的急性间质性肾炎患者应更早更积极进行干预治疗。     

高脂血症性急性胰腺炎的临床特征

目的 分析高脂血症性急性胰腺炎的临床特征,并探讨其治疗策略.方法 采用回顾性临床研究方法,分析2003年1月至2007年12月住院的44例高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(HLP)患者的临床特征,并与同期60例非HLP患者做对照.结果 HLP组超重(或肥胖)、高血糖、脂肪肝以及高血压病史比例分别为81.8%、59.1%、54.5%和68.2%,显著高于对照组的16.7%、16.7%、13.3%和16.7%(P＜0.05或＜0.01);而HLP组胆系结石占13.6%,显著低于对照组的60.0%(P＜0.05).两组酗酒者所占比例无显著差异.HLP组Ranson评分、CT严重指数(CTSI)、并发症发生数分别为3.15±0.07、4.46±2.58和3.2±1.7,均高于对照组1.62±0.22、2.62±1.90和0.9±1.2(P＜0.05或＜0.01),而HLP组血淀粉酶为(580±221)mmol/L,显著低于对照组的(1 360±472)mmol/L(P＜0.01).HLP组血三酰甘油(TG)值与Ranson积分之间存在直线相关(r=0.77,P＜0.05),对照组TG值与Ranson积分之间无直线相关性(r=0.17,P＞0.05).结论 HLP与代谢综合征关系密切.血TG水平与HLP病情严重程度呈正相关.     

老年急性胰腺炎临床特点和治疗分析

目的 探讨老年急性胰腺炎（AP）患者的临床特征和诊疗效果。方法 回顾性地分析南京医科大学第一附属医院胰腺中心2012年1月至2014年12月期间收治的164例老年AP患者（老年组,年龄≥60岁）临床特征和疗效,并与同期收治的309例非老年AP患者（对照组,年龄＜60岁）进行对比分析。结果 老年组AP的主要病因为胆道疾病,其次为高脂血症,老年组胆源性AP发生率明显高于对照组（84.15% vs 59.55%,P＜0.001）,高脂血症性AP发生率明显低于对照组（9.14% vs 31.07%,P＜0.001）。老年组和对照组主要全身并发症均为脏器功能衰竭（20.12% vs 18.77%,P＞0.05）,但老年组全身感染和持续性全身炎症反应综合征发生率明显高于对照组,两组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组间局部并发症发生率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。老年组重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）发生率与对照组相当（18.90% vs 18.77%）,但病死率明显高于对照组（7.93% vs 3.56%,P＜0.05）。结论 老年AP患者合并基础疾病多,易发生全身并发症,发展为SAP后病死率高,临床应予以早期诊断和有效治疗,可改善老年AP患者的预后。     

无痛性急性胰腺炎的临床特征

目的 分析无痛性急性胰腺炎(PAP)的临床特征,提高对其的诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2011年1月住院的12例PAP患者的临床资料.结果 12例PAP患者的平均年龄为52岁.7例次(58.3％)患者主诉腹胀及腹部不适,4例(33.3％)主诉恶心、呕吐,7例(58.3％)有腹部压痛,11例(91.7％)血脂肪酶升高,8例(66.7％)血淀粉酶升高.腹部B超诊断胰腺炎的敏感性为58.3％,CT为91.7％.5例(41.7％)患者入院后立即诊断为急性胰腺炎(AP),4例(33.3％)误诊为非消化科疾病.12例PAP患者中7例为重症急性胰腺炎(SAP),该比例明显高于同期住院的有腹痛的AP患者(65/327,x2=7.30,P＜0.05);PAP患者平均住院时间明显长于同期住院的有腹痛的AP患者[(20.4±9.1)d比(12.9±6.2)d,t=2.296,P＜0.05].结论 PAP的误诊率高,病情严重,及早行血淀粉酶、脂肪酶检测及CT检查对其诊断极为重要.     

老年人急性心肌梗塞的临床特点

目的：研究60岁以上老年人急性心肌梗塞的临床特点。方法：对86例老年人急性心肌梗塞资料进行临床分析,并与同期255例小于60岁的急性心肌梗塞病人进行对比。结果：老年急性心肌梗塞患者女性的比例较60岁以下者明显增多(P＜0.01),老年无痛性心肌梗塞比例(30.5%)明显增多(P＜0.05),并发症心力衰竭(P＜0.01)、心律失常(P＜ 0.05),死亡率(P＜0.01)也明显增多。结论：老年人无痛性急性心肌梗塞多见,并发症发生率、死亡率高,应予重视。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者器官功能衰竭的临床特点与治疗

器官功能衰竭是导致重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者死亡的重要因素。近年得益于对SAP病理生理研究的进一步深入和经验技术的不断积累,在SAP患者器官功能衰竭诊断治疗方面取得了长足的进步。介绍了SAP并发器官功能衰竭的临床特点和SAP应注意重点加强的治疗措施。目前认为SAP一旦发生容易造成器官功能衰竭,及时规范的治疗能缩短病程,显著降低病死率。     

97例老年人急性胰腺炎的诊治探讨

目的探讨老年急性胰腺炎的临床特点和个体化综合治疗策略。方法对急诊中心收治的97例老年急性胰腺炎与同期148例中青年急性胰腺炎患者资料进行回顾分析。结果老年急性胰腺炎临床表现不典型,误诊多,重症比例高,占50.5%,并发症的发生率高达81.4%,病死率8.25%,与中青年组(2.02%)有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论老年急性胰腺炎应尽早诊断,急性炎症反应期尽可能采取个体化非手术综合治疗,后期选择合适的手术时机和手术方式可使绝大部分的老年患者免于死亡,降低死亡率。     

Clinical,radiological, and pathological features of anti-asparaginyl tRNA synthetase antibody-related interstitial lung disease

BackgroundMyositis and interstitial lung disease (ILD) frequently occur in patients with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibodies. Nearly half of ARS-ILD patients have the acute or subacute form of the disease, and one-third of these patients show a deterioration in pulmonary function over the long-term course because of frequent recurrences and refractoriness to therapy. Several reports recently described different characteristics depending on the individual anti-ARS antibodies, and the anti-asparaginyl tRNA synthetase (KS) antibody was strongly linked to ILD rather than to myositis. We therefore hypothesized that KS-ILD may have clinical characteristics that differ from those of other ARS-ILDs. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of KS antibody-positive ILD.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 19 consecutive patients with KS-ILD who underwent initial clinical measurements and high-resolution computed tomography and pathological assessments. We also analyzed disease behavior based on pulmonary function test results during the follow-up period.ResultsOur KS-ILD cohort included patients with dermatomyositis (10.5%), primary Sjögren syndrome (5.3%), and idiopathic ILD (84.2%). Most patients presented with chronic onset (89.5%) and a nonspecific pattern of interstitial pneumonia at each radiological and pathological assessment (89.4% and 85.7%, respectively). The pulmonary function test results showed that the mean changes from the initial %forced vital capacity and %diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide at 3 years were 3.7% ± 2.9% and 9.35% ± 3.0%, respectively.ConclusionsMost KS-ILD patients showed a tendency for chronic disease onset and long-term stabilization of pulmonary function.     

大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎和慢性胰腺炎代谢特征分析

目的 用代谢组学方法研究大鼠胰腺组织代谢特征,以期发现胰腺炎症的标记性代谢物.方法 Wistar大鼠22只,按数字表法随机分成急性坏死性胰腺炎组(ANP,7只)、慢性胰腺炎组(CP,6只)和对照组(9只).ANP组经腹腔注射20％L-精氨酸溶液制模;CP组经尾静脉注射二丁基二氯基锡(DBTC)溶液制模;对照组注射等量生理盐水.检测血清淀粉酶含量,胰腺组织行病理学检查.利用高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振波谱对离体胰腺组织进行代谢成分分析,并对实验数据进行主成分分析,比较ANP与CP的代谢特征.结果 与对照组相比,ANP组小分子代谢物亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸含量增加,而CP组这些代谢物含量减少.ANP组和CP组的磷酸胆碱、甘油磷酸胆碱、胆碱含量均升高,脂肪酸、乳酸、甜菜碱、甘氨酸含量均下降,CP组中脂类代谢产物含量明显高于ANP组,且仅在CP组中观察到牛磺酸含量升高.结论 胰腺炎症疾病造成胰腺组织内代谢异常,升高的牛磺酸水平可能是区分CP和ANP的标记物.     

Clinical and pathological features of a prolonged type of acute intrahepatic cholestasis

Aim: We examined the clinical and pathological features of drug-induced acute intrahepatic cholestasis (AIC) to elucidate the pathogenesis of prolonged cases. Methods: Twenty-six cases of drug-induced AIC were divided into prolonged and non-prolonged groups. Serum bilirubin levels and other biochemical data were compared between the two groups. Biopsy liver specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. The localization of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) was immunohistochemically assessed by the Envision technique. Results: The causative drugs of four prolonged cases were found to be tiopronin, chlorpromazine and diclofenac. Two of the patients either died or underwent liver transplantation. The maximal total bilirubin levels (35.2 +/-> 13.8 mg/dL) were significantly higher and a half-life of total bilirubin (78.8 +/-> 69.6 days) was markedly longer in the prolonged cases, in comparison to the non-prolonged cases (16.8 +/-> 8.1 mg/dL, 22.1 +/-> 12.7 days, respectively). The liverbiopsy specimens revealed canalicular cholestasis and a slight degree of lobular inflammation. In the prolonged cases, liver cell injury and cholestasis was marked, and the interlobular bile ducts disappeared in the portal triads. The reaction products of MRP2, recognized on the bile canaliculi in a control liver, were weakened and found in the pericanalicular vesicles in AIC. Conclusion: These results indicated disturbances in the canalicular bilirubin transport through MRP2 in the prolonged cases, resulting from severe cholestasis, liver cell injury and vanishing bile ducts. The histological findings of the liver at the acute icteric phase may be important to understand the pathogenesis and to predict the prognosis in AIC.     

老年人血尿的临床特点

血尿是一个临床症状 ,而不是一种疾病 ,好象发热一样也不是一种疾病 ,它是某一种疾病引起的临床表现 ,例如某一病例发热为39℃ ,它的病原如扁桃体炎、肺炎等炎症病变 ,此等扁桃体炎、肺炎才是疾病 ,而发热只是临床上的一种表现。治病必须治本 ,发热必须找到病原 ,将病原治好 ,发热自然就消退。血尿也是如此 ,血尿必须找到其病原 ,如膀胱肿瘤 ,必须将肿瘤切除 ,血尿自然会消失 ,因此药物止血不是治疗血尿的根本手段。老年人血尿常见病因有 2大类 :(1)肿瘤 :包括肾、膀胱、输尿管和前列腺等的肿瘤。 (2 )炎症 :包括膀胱炎、肾盂肾炎、肾结核 (…     

高脂血症性急性胰腺炎的临床特征及其与脂代谢的关系

目的探讨高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(HLAP)患者的临床特征,以及脂代谢谱与HLAP的关系。方法选取2017年9月-2019年9月昆明医科大学第二附属医院消化内科收治的61例HLAP患者(HLAP组)与同期77例非高脂血症性急性胰腺炎患者(NONHLAP组)。分析2组患者的临床特点,包括基线资料、实验室指标、病情分级、合并症、严重程度评分等。符合正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用t检验;不满足正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验。采用多因素二分类logistic回归分析HLAP的独立危险因素,Z检验比较受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)。结果2组间年龄(t=-6.125),BMI(t=4.125),合并感染(χ2=4.364)、脂肪肝(χ2=50.567)、糖尿病(χ2=28.408),hs-CRP(Z=-2.456),WBC(t=2.652),中性粒细胞(t=2.232),淋巴细胞(Z=-2.339),D二聚体(Z=-8.601),空腹血糖(Z=-4.416),尿酸(t=4.644),总胆固醇(Z=-8.937),甘油三酯(Z=-8.87),LDL-C(Z=-7.972),非高密度脂蛋白(Z=-9.085),载脂蛋白B(Z=-3.244),SIRS评分(Z=-2.817),MEWS评分(Z=-2.226)比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。甘油三酯(OR=0.675,95%CI:0.484~0.943,P=0.021)和非高密度脂蛋白(OR=0.320,95%CI:0.164~0.624,P=0.001)为HLAP的独立危险因素。非高密度脂蛋白(AUC=0.951,灵敏度=100%,特异度=88.31%,95%CI:0.901~0.981,SE=0.020,Youden指数=0.883)和甘油三酯(AUC=0.940,灵敏度=95.08%,特异度=81.82%,95%CI:0.887~0.974,SE=0.018,Youden指数=0.769)诊断能力均较高。当非高密度脂蛋白cut-off值>4.55 mmol/L时诊断价值最高。结论HLAP好发于代谢综合征人群,发病较年轻化,炎症反应较重。非高密度脂蛋白对ALAP表现出了较高的诊断价值,为临床进一步指导治疗提供了新思路。     

Clinical features and outcomes of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis: Propensity score matching analysis from a prospective acute pancreatitis registry

BackgroundHypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-known cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) and elevation of serum triglycerides (TG) to ≥1000 mg/dl is strongly indicative of HTG-induced AP (HTG-AP). HTG-AP is potentially associated with persistent organ failure and poor prognosis. Here, we compared differences in clinical features and outcomes between patients with HTG-AP and patients with AP due to other causes.MethodsA prospective AP registry was constructed in Gil Medical Center between June 2014 and May 2018. In total, 499 patients with AP were included for whom serum TG data at admission were available.ResultsHTG-AP was present in 52 patients (10.4%); these patients were younger than patients with AP due to other causes (39.62 ± 10.12 vs. 51.62 ± 17.41, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching adjusted by age, the factors associated with severity were more common in the HTG-AP group; these factors included the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Ranson’s score ≥3, acute physiology, age, chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score ≥8 at admission, and C-reactive protein level >10 mg/dl after 24 h of hospitalization. There were no significant differences in complications or severity based on the revised Atlanta classification 2012. In addition, recurrence was more frequent in the HTG-AP group (25.0% vs. 6.4%, p < 0.001).ConclusionHTG-AP occurred in younger patients and showed more frequent recurrences than AP with other causes. Although factors related to severe feature were more common in HTG-AP during early phase, overall severity and prognosis were not different between the two groups.     

胆源性和高脂血症性胰腺炎临床分析

目的 分析胆源性和高脂血症性胰腺炎临床不同特点.方法 比较2009年2月-2012年8月西安市中心医院收治的48例胆源性胰腺炎患者（A组）和同期16例高脂血症性胰腺炎患者（B组）的临床资料.结果 与A组相比,B组患者发病年龄轻,以男性居多,白细胞增高比率较高,严重肝损害及血尿淀粉酶增高比率较低,CT检查有胰腺形态改变者比率较高,合并脂肪肝及糖尿病患者较多,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 胆源性和高脂血症性胰腺炎临床特点不同,高脂血症性胰腺炎血尿淀粉酶增高不明显,CT检查阳性率较高,可在诊断时多加应用;高脂血症性胰腺炎患者治疗中更应注意控制血脂和改善微循环.     

IgA肾病并发肉眼血尿相关急性肾损伤临床及病理分析

目的分析IgA肾病(IgAN)患者发生肉眼血尿相关急性肾损伤(AKI)的临床、病理特点及其转归,探讨其对预后的影响及相关因素。方法对2004年1月至2007年8月在北京大学人民医院肾内科确诊为IgAN且同时伴发肉眼血尿相关AKI患者的临床、病理资料进行分析,并对这些患者进行随访。肾脏病变的程度根据KatafuchiIgAN评分标准进行评价。结果5例经临床和肾脏病理证实的IgAN患者发生肉眼血尿相关AKI,占同期确诊IgAN患者的1.3%,占发作肉眼血尿患者的13.5%。肾脏病理提示均存在大量红细胞管型伴不同程度的肾小管损伤。其中3例患者血清肌酐(Scr)在14d内完全恢复正常,1例患者Scr在1个月后明显好转,418d后恢复正常。另1例患者至最后一次随访(20个月)时Scr仍未恢复正常。未恢复者与恢复者相比,年龄较大,肉眼血尿持续时间较长,肾小球球性硬化积分和小管-间质病变积分较高。结论发作性肉眼血尿可以引起AKI的发生,且并非所有IgAN患者发生的肉眼血尿相关AKI都能完全恢复。影响肉眼血尿相关AKI患者预后的因素可能有年龄、肉眼血尿持续时间、小管-间质损伤程度以及硬化肾小球比例。     

高脂血症性急性胰腺炎130例

目的:总结分析高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis,HLAP)患者的临床特点.方法:对2006-01/2012-09月住院诊治的HLAP患者进行回顾性分析,对其临床资料等进行统计分析,并选择100例胆源性急性胰腺炎(acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP)患者作为对照组进行对比.结果:共102例患者130次发生HLAP,占全部急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)患者的17.4%.重症患者占23.1%.HLAP患者发病年龄、血清淀粉酶>3倍正常值比例均低于均高于ABP患者(P<0.05),而糖尿病、脂肪肝、既往AP发作史比例均高于ABP组(P<0.05).甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)≥11.30mmol/L的HLAP患者血清淀粉酶>3倍正常值比例低于TG值5.65-11.30mmol/L的患者(23.4%vs41.5%,P<0.05),而重症HLAP比例、住院时间、腹痛持续时间无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:HLAP患者发病年龄低、男性多见,多有代谢综合症表现,具有显著的复发性趋势,血清淀粉酶增高不明显,TG水平与临床严重程度不相关.     

药物性急性间质性肾炎的临床及病理

本文分析14例药物性急性间质肾炎的临床与病理特点,并在国内首次用药物淋巴细胞转化试验辅助诊断致病药物。结果表明,药物性急性间质肾炎临床表现多样,肾活检是确诊的主要手段,药物淋巴细胞转化试验有助明确致病药物,早期诊断、及时治疗后肾功能大都可以恢复。