导管射频消融在持续性心房颤动合并射血分数值降低的心力衰竭患者中的应用

目的 观察持续性心房颤动(简称房颤)合并左室射血分数(LVEF)值降低的心力衰竭(简称心衰)患者行导管射频消融的有效性和安全性,以及术后对远期心功能的影响.方法 入选行导管消融术的持续性房颤合并LVEF值降低心衰患者58例,根据LVEF值分为两组,A组(n=42):LVEF>0.35,B组(n=16):LVEF≤0.3...     

伊布利特在转复导管消融术后持续性心房颤动中的应用以及对术后心房颤动复发的预测

目的:观察伊布利特在转复导管消融术后持续性心房颤动(房颤)的有效性及安全性,以及复律成功与否对导管消融术后房颤复发的预测。方法:入选2014-08-2016-08在郑州大学人民医院接收导管射频消融术但术后未能转复窦性心律(窦律)的持续性房颤患者248例,其中男146例,女102例;平均年龄(63.9±7.2)岁。术中静脉推注伊布利特1 mg,若仍未转复,则再次给予1 mg。若仍未恢复窦律,则根据情况给予超速抑制或电复律。依据"2C3L"术式导管消融+伊布利特应用后是否恢复窦律将患者分为有效组和无效组。比较2组患者的临床资料的差异,观察伊布利特在转复导管消融术后持续性房颤中的有效性及安全性;随访24个月,观察2组患者房颤的早期及晚期复发率。统计复律成功与否对导管消融术后房颤复发的预测效果。结果:伊布利特转复导管消融术后持续性房颤的总成功率为72.1%,无严重不良事件发生。2组患者在房颤持续时间、左房内径、射血分数值、BNP水平均差异有统计学意义;在年龄、性别、合并疾病(高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病)等差异均无统计学意义。经"2C3L"术式导管消融+伊布利特应用后恢复窦律者的房颤早期复发及晚期复发率均较未恢复窦律者低。结论:伊布利特转复导管消融术后持续性房颤的成功率高、安全性良好,且伊布利特复律成功预示房颤导管消融术后早期、晚期复发均较低。     

CARTO系统引导下射频消融治疗老年心房颤动的术后复发相关因素分析

目的评价CARTO三维标测系统引导下以环肺静脉口消融术为核心并联合其他射频消融术式治疗老年心房颤动(房颤)患者的临床有效性和安全性,分析老年房颤患者术后复发的相关因素。方法入选2010年4月～2016年8月于解放军第252医院住院首次接受房颤射频消融术治疗的患者共102例,所有患者均接受以环肺静脉隔离术治疗为核心并联合其他射频消融术式的治疗方案,其中术后即刻成功为90例,手术失败未达到消融目的有12例。将术后即刻成功的90例患者分为老年人房颤组(≥60岁,49例)和非老年人房颤组(60岁,41例),跟踪随访患者长期预后情况。并观察手术的成功率、复发率、并发症发生情况,分析老年房颤复发的相关因素。结果通过跟踪随访房颤射频消融术患者,发现老年组与非老年组在术后复发率上无显著性差异(28.57%vs. 24.39%,P0.05),其复发因素与术前左房内径(LAD,mm)和病史时间(年)密切相关。老年组与非老年患者导管消融成功并维持窦性心律,其术后LAD与术前相比均减小(P0.05),而两组患者经导管消融术后未能维持窦性心律的,其术后LAD与术前相比未见明显变化(P0.05)。两组患者术前左心室射血分数(LVEF)值与术后比较未见明显变化(P0.05)。患者术后发生心包少量积液、少量渗出性胸腔积液、穿刺部位血肿等并发症,均经积极处理后好转,但无心包填塞、脑卒中等严重并发症发生。结论 CARTO三维标测系统引导下的导管消融治疗老年房颤是安全有效的。术前LAD(mm)和病史时间(年)是老年患者导管消融术后房颤复发的危险因素。     

心房颤动合并心力衰竭患者的射频导管消融术治疗及术后复发危险因素的研究进展

心房颤动（房颤）与心力衰竭（心衰）常同时存在并相互影响。近年来，多项研究显示，射频导管消融术在治疗房颤伴心衰中的表现优于传统药物，但消融治疗后仍有较高的复发率。研究表明，左心房内径、容量和球形度、术后早期复发、左心房疤痕组织与纤维化以及多种生物标志物等可用于预测房颤合并心衰患者射频导管消融术治疗后房颤复发。     

成人先心病合并典型心房扑动患者导管消融术后新发心房颤动的临床研究

目的探讨成人先天性心脏病(先心病)合并典型心房扑动(房扑)患者导管消融术后新发心房颤动(房颤)的发生率和高危因素。方法选取2013年7月至2019年7月于河南省人民医院心血管内科接受典型房扑导管消融的32例成人先心病患者为研究对象,并对消融术后新发房颤的发生情况随访。分析新发房颤的发生率及高危因素。结果平均随访(35.81±16.16)个月后,12例患者(37.5%)出现了新发房颤。新发房颤的中位发生时间为术后22个月。多因素Cox回归分析显示典型房扑导管消融术中诱发房颤与新发房颤独立相关(风险比:6.093;95%CI:1.924~19.294,P=0.002)。结论成人先心病患者行典型房扑导管消融术后有发生新发房颤的风险,房扑消融术中诱发房颤是新发房颤的独立危险因素。     

血浆转化生长因子β1水平与心房颤动导管消融后复发的关系研究

目的:探讨心房颤动(房颤)导管消融术前患者血浆转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)水平与房颤消融术后复发的关系。方法:连续选取100例接受导管消融治疗的房颤患者,其中阵发性房颤60例,持续性房颤40例。阵发性及持续性房颤患者随访1年后根据房颤复发情况再分为复发组和无复发组。术前检测血浆TGF-β1水平,并行超声心动图等临床检查。结果:所有患者均随访12个月,房颤消融术后的复发率为30%(30/100),其中阵发性房颤术后复发率为21.6%(13/60),持续性房颤复发率为42.5%(17/40)。30例房颤术后复发患者术前血浆TGF-β1水平较70例术后无复发患者高[(35.49±8.47)ng/ml vs(27.00±8.61)ng/ml),P<0.05],其中阵发性房颤复发组术前血浆TGF-β1水平较无复发组高,差异有统计学意义[(28.90±8.44)ng/ml vs(22.47±6.64)ng/ml,P<0.05];持续性房颤复发组亦高于无复发组[(40.52±3.37)ng/ml vs(36.26±2.66)ng/ml,P<0.05]。对患者年龄、性别、房颤类型、体重指数、左心房内径、左心室射血分数、TGF-β1等多因素logistic回归分析得出术前血浆TGF-β1水平与房颤消融术后复发有关[OR=1.17,95%CI(1.05,1.31),P=0.004]。进一步分析显示,术前血浆TGF-β1水平与阵发性房颤的术后复发有关[OR=1.16,95%CI(1.05,1.52),P=0.01],与持续性房颤术后复发也有关[OR=1.71,95%CI(1.12,2.62),P=0.013]。结论:房颤消融术前血浆TGF-β1水平与房颤消融术后复发有关。     

专家答疑

<正>问:扩张型心肌病伴心房颤动,导管消融术效果如何?答:心房颤动(房颤)和充血性心力衰竭(心衰)是本世纪人类面临的心血管领域两大挑战。研究表明,房颤和心衰常同时存在,房颤首次诊断时,26%的患者曾伴有或并存心衰,16%的患者可能会发展为心衰;而心衰首次诊断时,24%的患者曾伴有或并存房颤,17%的患者以后发展为房颤,随着心功能NYHA分级增加,合并房颤的比例也显著增加。     

左心房黏液瘤术后新发房性心律失常的患者行导管消融的有效性与安全性初探

目的初步探讨左心房黏液瘤外科术后新发房性心律失常的患者接受导管消融的安全性与有效性。方法回顾性选取北京安贞医院2014年9月至2019年11月左心房黏液瘤术后新发房性心律失常并接受导管消融治疗的患者9例。收集患者的基线临床数据、消融术中参数和围术期严重不良事件,并随访导管消融术后心律失常复发情况和临床预后,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析导管消融术后窦性心律维持率。结果9例患者年龄(55.8±9.1)岁,男性3例(3/9),阵发性心房颤动(房颤)3例(3/9),心房扑动(房扑)或房性心动过速(房速)6例(6/9)。所有患者均成功完成导管消融治疗,围术期均未发生卒中、心包积液、心脏压塞、血管并发症及大出血事件。随访40.0(27.5,55.5)个月,9例患者中有6例(6/9)初次消融术后维持窦性心律,总体窦性心律维持比例为2/3。3例房颤患者中有1例(1/3)出现早期房颤复发(术后3个月),6例房速或房扑患者中有2例(2/6)房扑患者出现极晚期新发房颤和/或复发房扑(分别为术后19、29个月)。3例复发患者中有2例接受再次消融,其中1例维持窦性心律。所有患者随访期间未复发黏液瘤,未发生死亡、卒中、急性心肌梗死等事件。结论左心房黏液瘤外科术后新发房性心律失常患者接受导管消融安全、有效,可以作为一项治疗选择。     

CAAP-AF评分和APPLE评分对心房颤动合并心力衰竭患者导管消融术后复发的预测价值

目的探讨CAAP-AF评分和APPLE评分对心房颤动(房颤)合并心力衰竭患者导管消融术后复发的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2017年—2018年在广东省人民医院行导管消融治疗的130例房颤合并心力衰竭患者。根据术后3个月是否发生持续的至少30 s的任何房性心律失常,将患者分为复发组和无复发组。记录所有患者的CAAP-AF评分、APPLE评分、术后12个月内的动态心电图及其他一般资料,对结果进行相应的统计学分析。结果随访12个月发现,共29例(22.3%)患者术后复发。复发组与无复发组的CAAP-AF评分[5(1,9)分比5(1,11)分]及APPLE评分[1(0,5)分比1(0,5)分]比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。生存分析显示,导管消融术后复发与风险评分增加均无显著相关性(Log-rank均P0.05)。进一步行受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,两种评分预测导管消融术后复发的能力较低,其曲线下面积分别为0.51和0.53。logistic多因素回归分析显示,仅心肌病(OR 4.347,P=0.022)是房颤合并心力衰竭患者导管消融术后复发的独立危险因素。结论 CAAP-AF评分和APPLE评分用于房颤合并心力衰竭患者预测导管消融术后复发的能力有限,尚需要结合其他指标来进一步评估。     

经导管消融治疗心房颤动的复发原因分析

目的 对经导管消融治疗心房颤动(房颤)的复发患者进行电生理检查和重复消融术,探讨房颤远期复发(消融术后≤1年)、更远期复发(消融术后＞1年)和二次消融术后复发的原因.方法 2001年1月至2005年12月共完成经导管消融治疗房颤患者234例,其中节段性肺静脉电隔离术(SPVI)156例,环肺静脉消融术(CAPV)78例.随访时间为18～90(54±24)个月.对消融术后复发的患者进行重复消融术,通过心腔内电生理检查明确复发的原因.结果 75例患者出现远期复发,其中58例(77.3%)肺静脉-左心房(PV-LA)电连接恢复,17例(22.7%)存在肺静脉外的异位兴奋灶共28处;17例患者出现更远期复发,其中4例(23.5%)为PV-LA电连接恢复,13例(76.5%)存在肺静脉外的异位兴奋灶21处;对上述患者行二次消融后,有43例患者再次复发,腔内电生理检查提示8例(18.6%)为PV-LA电连接恢复,35例(81.4%)存在肺静脉外的异位兴奋灶共47处.非肺静脉异位兴奋灶的分布依次是左心房后壁、冠状静脉窦口部(CSO)、界嵴(crista terminalis,CT)、上腔静脉(SVC)口部、下腔静脉(IVC)口部、右心房游离壁.结论 经导管消融术治疗房颤后远期复发的主要原因是肺静脉电连接恢复,更远期复发和二次消融术后复发的主要原因是肺静脉以外存在异位兴奋灶,重视心房特殊结构标测和消融可以提高治疗成功率.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.