北京市老年人高血压患病率及膳食状况

目的 通过了解北京市老年高血压患病率及膳食状况以加强高血压的预防和控制.方法 采用调查问卷调查北京市60岁以上643名老年人中高血压患病率和3 d膳食摄入情况.结果 老年人高血压发病率较高,高血压发病率随年龄增加而升高,同一年龄段女性患病率显著高于男性(P<0.01);体重超重者患高血压风险是非体重超重者的3.2倍;且饮食结构不合理,与膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)比较,脂肪摄入过高,蛋白质及糖类摄入量不足;与我国成人能量和蛋白质的参考摄入量(RNIS)比较,钙、铁、维生素B1、B2、C等摄入量明显不足,钠盐摄入量较高.结论 加强对老年人群的营养教育,实行合理的膳食对预防和控制高血压的发生发展是有益的.     

806例超重及肥胖患者的膳食结构调查分析

目的：了解超重及肥胖患者的膳食结构,分析超重及肥胖与膳食结构的关系。方法对806例超重及肥胖患者进行膳食结构调查,收集3日食谱数据,整理后输入营养专家系统软件,分析三大供能物质及几种主要维生素、矿物质及膳食纤维的摄入量及比例。结果随着膳食中碳水化合物摄入及供能比的增加,人群患超重（肥胖）风险升高。能量和17种营养素摄入量中,能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物供能比、脂肪供能比、膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸、维生素C、维生素E、钠、钾、铁、磷、锌与推荐摄入量比较有统计学差异（P均＜0．01）。结论超重及肥胖患者的膳食结构存在高能量、高脂肪、低膳食纤维、抗氧化营养素摄入不足的特点,针对以上特点改进膳食结构对减肥有重要意义。     

降低血糖负荷对女性糖调节受损患者微量营养素摄入的影响

目的观察降低膳食单位能量血糖负荷(GL/Mcal)对中老年糖调节受损(IGR)患者微量营养素摄入的影响。方法随机选取40~79岁女性IGR患者140例,进行低GL膳食干预,共观察3个月。通过连续3 d膳食回顾法调查研究前后膳食情况,根据膳食GL/Mcal下降程度分为Ⅰ组(较研究前降低<10%)、Ⅱ组(较研究前降低10%~20%)和Ⅲ组(较研究前降低20%以上),比较分析三组患者微量营养素摄入状况。结果研究前三组微量营养素摄入状况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GL/Mcal较研究前下降的研究对象共124例,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别为40、34和50例。研究前后比较,Ⅱ组钙和叶酸摄入量增加,Ⅲ组钙、维生素B1和叶酸摄入量增加(P<0.05)。研究后组间比较,Ⅱ组钙、钾、镁、维生素B1、维生素B2和叶酸摄入量高于Ⅰ组;Ⅲ组钙、钾、镁、铁、锌、维生素E、维生素B1、维生素B2、叶酸、烟酸和维生素C摄入量高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论降低膳食GL/Mcal≥10%,有助于提高女性IGR患者微量营养素摄入量。     

北京市郊区农民营养素摄入状况调查

本文报告９０年代初北京市郊区５１０名年龄在３５～７４岁农民膳食调查结果。调查表明，农民的总热量及碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪三大营养素占总产热百分比尚较合理，但膳食中动物蛋白质约占总蛋白质摄入的１１％。农民摄盐量偏高，而钙摄入量不足。１０年来，膳食结构变化趋势显示，农民摄入脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值（Ｐ／Ｓ）从０．３７：１上升至１．７０：１，但人群胆固醇摄入量在８０年代后期显著增加。对于在北京市郊区农村开展心、脑血管病预防，应建议农民在经济发展的同时，一方面注意保持传统膳食结构，另一方面提倡低盐饮食，并鼓励适当增加牛奶及动物类食物的消费，以提高膳食中动物蛋白质占总蛋白质的比例，以及增加农民的钙摄入量。     

燃煤型砷中毒患者膳食结构与营养水平调查

目的了解燃煤型砷中毒患者的膳食结构及营养水平,为指导合理调整食物结构提供依据。方法对砷中毒患者进行膳食调查；并测定砷中毒患者及对照人群的血红蛋白(Hb)水平、4 h负荷尿中维生素C及维生素B_2的排出量。结果砷中毒患者的膳食结构为典型的植物型,维生素B_2、钙和硒的每日摄入量分圳仅占推荐量标准的38．57%、28．21%和54．28%。砷中毒患者中贫血发生率达82．0%,96．0%的患者体内缺乏维生素B_2,24．0%的患者体内缺乏维生素C,与正常对照相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。结论燃煤污染型砷中毒患者的膳食结构不合理,维生素B_2、钙、硒等营养素摄入不足。患者体内普遍存在维生素B_2的缺乏,维生素C的缺乏不如维生素B_2严重。     

205例成年血液病患者的膳食营养调查

目的:了解血液病患者膳食营养素的摄入情况以及各种膳食营养素的比例、来源是否合理,以指导患者饮食,合理改善膳食结构,促进身体康复。方法:采用24h膳食回顾自我记录法,连续记录患者7d早、中、晚3餐及3餐外的进食情况(水除外);用SPSS11.5统计软件进行分析,与《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》(Chi-neseDRIs)进行比较。结果:与中国营养学会推荐的平衡膳食宝塔相比,大部分血液病患者豆类、蔬菜、水果、乳类及肉鱼禽的摄入量较少,能量和蛋白质的摄入水平较低,分别达到RNI的69.0%和82.0%,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物在热量营养素来源分布中的比例较为合理,优质蛋白质占总蛋白质来源的40%以上;维生素A、维生素C、硫胺素、核黄素的摄入量均明显不足;矿物质中,除了铁的摄入水平较好以外,其他元素摄入均较低,尤其是钙,其平均摄入量仅达到参考标准的40%左右。结论:血液病患者的膳食结构存在一些不合理性,大部分患者的能量、蛋白质、维生素A、维生素C、硫胺素、核黄素、钙、锌、硒摄入水平较低。     

利用食物频数法对广东三个人群进行膳食分析

采用食物频数法来评估广东的潮州、梅州、新会三个地区人群的饮食习惯。以随机抽样方法抽取年龄25岁以上男女共927人。由本人回答调查表中各项膳食摄取的量和频率.分析结果显示人群平均每人每天摄入的总热量中：碳水化合物占61～64％；蛋白质占17～19％；脂肪占16～21％。经年龄性别调整后，三个地区平均每人每天摄入膳食胆固醇330～408mg、纤维素14～24g、钠（食盐除外）1449～2334mg、钾2627～3548mg、镁467～518mg、钙621～984mg。三个地区膳食胆固醇摄入量均高，而多不饱和脂肪酸摄入比例均偏低，膳食钙的摄入量梅州、新会偏低，钠摄入量最高的地区为梅州。本文显示，广东的新会、潮州、梅州都存在摄入营养素的不合理现象，均需要进一步的饮食指导。     

336例初治菌阳肺结核患者膳食状况调查分析

目的调查分析我国东、中、西部地区五市（区、县）的初治菌阳肺结核患者的膳食状况及相关影响因素。方法对2013年7月至2014年6月在广东省广州市番禺区、黑龙江省哈尔滨市五常县、四川省绵阳市江油市、云南省昆明市东川区和广西壮族自治区百色市平果县[简称“五市（区、县）”]结核病防治所就诊的初治菌阳肺结核患者685例,采用方便抽样的方法抽取18岁及以上符合纳入条件的患者340例进行面对面问卷调查,收回340份问卷,问卷有效率98．8％（336／340）。调查内容包括患者的基本情况（包括性别、年龄、家庭收入、文化程度、工作性质、吸烟情况等）及膳食摄入情况。以《中国居民膳食指南》推荐成年居民最低每日摄入量作为各类食物摄入不足的参照标准,用简化的“半定量食物频率法”估算其诊断前一年各类食物平均每日摄入量。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析供热量食物、供蛋白质食物摄入不足及两类食物均摄入不足的影响因素。结果336例患者每日摄入量谷薯类为（334．9±186．3）g、蛋类（31．7±40．1）g、大豆及其制品（35．0±45．2）g,均达到了每日推荐摄入量[（250~400g）,（25~50g）,（30~50g）];而鱼虾类[（18．5±28．1）g]、奶及奶制品[（25．2±51．3）g]、畜禽肉类[（160．4±115．5）g]均低于或高于每日最低推荐摄入量最高值[（50～100g）,300g,（50～70g）],3类食物的平均摄入量与每日推荐摄入量的差异均有统计学意义（f=-20．55,t=-98．12,t=17．52,P值均〈0．01）。供热能食物（谷薯类）摄入不足者占26．5％（89／336）,供蛋白质食物摄入不足者占44．6％（150／336）,供热量和蛋白质食物均摄入不足者占15．5％（52／336）,100．0％（336／336）的调查对象奶类均摄入不足,90．8％（305／336）调查对象鱼虾类食物摄入不足。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,脑力劳动是蛋白质食物摄入不足的危险因素[β=0．65,Waldχ2=4．52,P=0．034,OR（95％CI）值：1．91（1．05～3．48）],初中、高中及以上文化程度是热量食物摄入不足的保护因素[β=-O．89,Waldχ2=5．38,P=0．020,OR（95％CI）值：O．41（0．19～0．87）;β=-0．93,Waldχ2=5．15,P=0．023,OR（95％CI）值：0．40（0．18～0．88）],年龄≥60岁是供热量和蛋白质食物均摄入不足的保护因素[β=-0．81,Waldχ2=3．91,p=0．048,OR（95％CI）值：0．45（0．20～0．99）]。结论五市（区、县）初治菌阳肺结核患者中供热量食物和供蛋白质食物摄入不足者比例都比较高,且存在膳食摄入种类不平衡,不同劳动性质、文化程度及年龄对患者膳食摄入影响不同。     

老年高血压患者膳食危险因素调查其对策

目的研究新膳食结构形势下老年高血压疾病的膳食危险因素及其相应的措施。方法采用2 d记录+24 h回顾法调查分析老年高血压患者的膳食种类及营养素摄入量。结果不同性别和年龄组平均每人每日热能、脂肪、钠盐摄入量均明显高于各自对照人群的推荐摄入量;而维生素C、Vit B2、钙、钾、镁、铁等摄入量明显低于各自对照人群的推荐摄入量(P<0.05)。部分老年高血压患者锌的摄入量明显不足(P<0.05),同时三大营养素供热比和三餐能量比也不甚合理。结论新膳食结构形势下老年高血压患者的膳食结构不够合理,高血压与热能、脂肪、钠盐摄入量过多以及维生素C、钙、镁、钾、锌摄入量过低密切相关,合理调配膳食结构有助于高血压的预防和治疗。     

基于不同养老模式的长沙市老年人膳食结构比较

目的对不同养老模式下长沙市老年人膳食结构进行调查,为改善老年人生活质量以及制定相应的营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,在长沙市随机抽取3所公办福利院、3所民办养老院和3个社区,共计443名60岁以上老年人参与问卷调查。采用食物频率法(FFQ)以及3 d 24 h膳食回顾法调查老年人饮食消费模式、饮食习惯等。结果在老年人的膳食结构中,社区老年人的油脂和食盐的实际摄入量明显高于《中国居民膳食指南》中推荐摄入量,分别是其1.41倍、2.1倍;而公办福利院以及民办养老院老年人每日摄入油脂、食盐的量符合《指南》中推荐油脂≤25 g、食盐≤6 g的标准。相比老年人能量摄入标准而言,社区老人平均摄入的能量相对较高;从摄入食物构成中得出,男性摄入动物性食品比例比女性高(P<0.05),而女性摄入植物性食品比例比男性高(P<0.05)。结论老年人鱼虾类、奶制品类、豆制品类等食物每日摄入量普遍偏低,存在膳食结构不合理情况。需加强对老年人的营养教育,促进老人平衡膳食,预防慢性疾病的发生,改善老年人营养状况。     

Description of a mixed ethnic, elderly population. I. Demography, nutrient/energy intakes, and income status.

BACKGROUND: Elderly participants in the Title III-C Nutrition Program, 60-103 years of age, were assessed for nutrient/energy intakes, relationship of income status to intakes, and comparison with data from the National Evaluation of the Elderly Nutrition Program (ENP). METHOD: Nonrandomized volunteers were interviewed in senior centers or in their homes. Chi-square, t test, and ANOVA were used to test for differences in dietary intakes with regard to ethnicity, gender, age, type of meal (congregate dining or home delivered), socialization factor (lived alone or with others), and income status. A new method of looking at diet quality, which conjoins nutrients and energy, was developed for this study. RESULTS: Six percent of the sample had adequate energy and nutrient intakes over a 3-day period; 53% were rated tenuous or marginal, and 41% submarginal or inadequate. The Title III-C noon meal provided 38%-44% of the average daily energy intake and 33%-65% of the average intake of selected nutrients. Diets of men were better than those of women (p < .05). Calcium (p < .01) and potassium (p < .05) were higher in diets of female elders above the poverty line than those below. Black women were most affected by poverty, with 92% below the poverty line. A trend was observed for higher intakes of fatty components (total fat, cholesterol, % fat calories) for both men and women in the below-poverty than in above-poverty groups. DeKalb Community Council on Aging subjects had higher intakes of Vitamin A than those in the ENP, but overall most nutrients were higher in both congregate and home delivery clients of ENP. CONCLUSIONS: Title III-C Nutrition Programs have been implemented since 1973, and nutrition education is an obligatory component. The high incidence of nutrient/energy inadequacy in this study was surprising, but consistent with previous reports. New ways of implementing better food intakes of senior citizens are needed. In addition, research is needed to establish differences in nutrient profiles of elderly clients below and above the poverty level.     

浙江省三地区不同人群膳食营养现状与血压相关性分析

目的　了解浙江省不同人群膳食营养现状 ,分析膳食营养与血压的相关性。方法　在农村、城市、城镇 2 5～ 74岁自然人群中随机整群抽取 4841人进行高血压危险因素调查的基础上 ,按 1 0∶ 1抽取 496人进行连续三天2 4小时膳食调查 ,对其中资料完整的 470人进行显著性、相关性统计学分析。结果　 (1 )人群每日平均摄入各种营养素及能量热比与 RDA推荐量相比均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 0 1 )。 (2 )居民膳食食物中碳水化合物 89.9%为米及米制品 ,粗粮谷类仅为 0 .2 % ,肉食类、鱼虾类均超过 RDA推荐量 ,以城市人群及 2 5～ 2 9岁青年组为明显 ;奶制品摄入仅为 RDA推荐量的 8.69% ,以农村人群更明显。 (3 )收缩压水平与脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物、钠摄入量相关 (P均 <0 .0 0 1 ) ;舒张压水平与脂肪摄入量相关 (P<0 .0 0 1 )。 (4 )高血压与正常血压人群蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的摄入热比有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;视黄醇、硫胺素、尼克酸的摄入量两组人群中有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,高血压与正常血压人群摄入钠 /钾比值分别为 1 .2 9、 1 .3 ,无显著性差异。结论　 (1 )浙江省城乡居民膳食营养摄入存在低蛋白质、高脂肪、高碳水化合物的不合理现状 ,同时存在 B族维生素、钙明显摄入不足 ,钠摄入过多的现?     

Calcium supplements

Calcium deficiencies are common in the Japanese diet. A National Nutrition Survey in 1998 reported that Japanese don't meet the recommendations for calcium. Calcium intake is even less for people who don't consume milk and dairy products. Moreover, it is difficult for older adults to achieve adequate calcium intakes as their energy intakes decline. In order to help increase calcium intake, various calcium fortified food and supplements are available in the market. I will present a few examples in this report.     

Energy intake and micronutrient intake in elderly Europeans: seeking the minimum requirement in the SENECA study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine energy intake of elderly people participating in the Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly, a Concerted Action (SENECA) study in relation to the adequacy of micronutrient intake. DESIGN: Data from eight countries on 486 men and 519 women who were 74-79 years old. Dietary intakes of energy, iron, thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine were calculated. RESULTS: There was inadequate intake of one or more nutrients in 23.9% of men and 46.8% of women. The prevalence of inadequate intakes decreased gradually with higher energy intakes. Of all people with energy intakes exceeding 1500 kcal, 19% of men and 26% of women still had an inadequate intake of at least one micronutrient. CONCLUSION: We found no single criterion ensuring level of energy intake with an adequate micronutrient supply. The prevalence of an inadequate intake of micronutrients was high at all energy intake levels, especially in women.     

The consumption of micronutrients in relation to calorie intake and risk of insulin resistance

Background and aimsAdequate dietary intakes of essential micronutrients are critical to prevent insulin resistance (IR)-related diseases. Even though the excess calorie intake linked with obesity is also associated with such diseases, no previous studies evaluated the importance of meeting the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of micronutrients in relation to calorie intake in those at risk for developing IR.Methods and resultsWe evaluated the relationship between the ability or failure to meet the DRI of micronutrients in relation to daily calorie intake in 463 childbearing-age women with a higher prevalence of IR. 56–65% women met the DRIs for vitamin B12, vitamin C, thiamine, and riboflavin while only 0%–49% met the DRIs for folate, pyridoxine, niacin, pantothenic acid, total carotene, vitamins A, D and E by consuming an acceptable number of calories. Women who met the DRIs of folate and vitamin C within acceptable daily calorie intakes were 59% and 66% less likely to have higher Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to women who did not.ConclusionsUnderstanding the mechanisms that explain our findings will be of value to address IR-associated with exposure to high calorie/low-micronutrient dense diets consumed by childbearing-age women. Since there is a global recognition that IR has been increasing in adults and children, similar studies of this nature in pregnant women at risk for IR will provide much needed data to assess the burden of such adverse dietary habits in the offspring. Our study approach may form the foundation for such studies.     

Effect of protein and energy intake on nitrogen metabolism of undernourished patients on continuous enteral nutrition

Nitrogen balance, energy balance and respiratory quotient were measured in 18 undernourished patients fed with continuous enteral nutrition in order to assess the effects of: a) various levels of protein and energy intakes with a fixed diet composition; b) energy/nitrogen ratio; c) proportions of carbohydrates in energy intake. The results were the following: 1) With energy intakes from 4,880 to 8,360 kJ/m2/day (protein: 18 p. 100) nitrogen balance and net protein absorption were significantly correlated with nitrogen intake (respectively P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001). 2) Nitrogen balance was not significantly different whether the patient received normo (energy/nitrogen = 476 kJ/g) or hypernutrition ( energy /nitrogen = 1,056 kJ/g). 3) Nitrogen balance was not different in 6 patients receiving the same energy and nitrogen intakes but 80 or 55 p. 100 carbohydrates; high carbohydrates diet induced lipid synthesis. These results confirm the value of continuous enteral nutrition to positive nitrogen balance in undernourished patients. Except when energy expenditure level is very high they do not support a policy of routinely use hypernutrition with high carbohydrates diet.     

农村HIV感染者/AIDS病人膳食营养宣教效果评价

目的评价艾滋病（AIDS）疫情高发村,艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/AIDS病人膳食营养宣传教育的效果,探索适合AIDS病人较为集中的农村地区的营养宣教模式。方法对320名HIV感染者/AIDS病人实施以艾滋病治疗点诊疗人员指导为主、社区宣传为辅的膳食营养宣教活动,宣教前后对随机抽取的48名和43名对象,采用3天24小时膳食回顾法,调查营养素摄入情况并进行比较。结果调查对象能量、蛋白质、核黄素、铁、硒和锌平均每日摄入量,在宣教后有不同程度的提高,其中能量摄入量由宣教前的1 666.68 kcal提高到宣教后的1 843.79kcal,蛋白质由49.71g提高到58.53g,核黄素由0.68mg提高到0.92mg,铁由21.00mg提高到29.07mg,硒由45.78μg提高到57.62μg,锌由6.94mg提高到8.56mg。能量、蛋白质、维生素E、核黄素、铁和硒摄入量,未达到推荐摄入量人数所占的比例,在宣教后有不同程度的下降。结论营养宣教活动取得了较好的效果,目标人群几种重要营养素的摄入量有不同程度的提高。以艾滋病治疗点诊疗人员指导为主、社区宣传为辅的膳食营养宣教模式,在HIV感染者/AIDS病人较为集中的农村地区是可行的。     

Nutrient intake and diet quality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on a culturally sensitive cholesterol lowering dietary program

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a culturally sensitive cholesterol lowering dietary program on energy, protein, fiber, vitamin and mineral intake, diet quality, and hemoglobin levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Seventeen patients with SLE were randomized to a Step II diet intervention group or a control group for 12 weeks. The diet intervention was made up of weekly group sessions during the first 6 weeks followed by telephone counseling every 2 weeks for the last 6 weeks. Food intake was assessed by 3-day food record at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Diet quality was assessed by expressing the nutrients as a percentage of the Dietary Reference Intakes of the US National Academy of Sciences, or as a percentage of the nutrient guidelines by the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III. Between- and within-group changes in nutrient intakes were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The changes in nutrient intakes were not significantly different between the groups for any of the nonfat nutrients except vitamin B12 (p = 0.05), which decreased in the diet group and increased in the control group. Within-group analysis showed a significant reduction (p = 0.0003 to 0.02) in the diet group in energy and sodium intake at 6 and 12 weeks and B12 intake at 12 weeks compared to the respective baseline values (28-32%, 37-41%, and 43%, respectively). Sodium intake decreased to 66-71% of the total sodium allowance (< 2400 mg per day) in the diet group. The intervention was successful in maintaining adequate intakes or even increasing intakes of most nutrients except B12, dietary fiber, folate, calcium, and iron, which were slightly higher or below 67% of the Dietary Reference Intakes or other dietary guidelines. Anemia, as assessed by hemoglobin levels, was present throughout the study and did not correlate with iron intake. CONCLUSION: This culturally sensitive cholesterol reducing diet program was successful in decreasing sodium intake and maintaining adequate intakes of most nutrients except B12, dietary fiber, iron, calcium, and folate. Future intervention studies in patients with SLE need to pay special attention to these nutrients and the presence of anemia.     

Homocysteine levels in vegetarians versus omnivores

Vitamin B(12), folate, and vitamin B(6) are the main determinants of homocysteinemia. The vegan diet provides no vitamin B(12), but also less strict forms of alternative nutrition may suffer from a deficit of this vitamin. The plasma homocysteine level was measured in alternative nutrition groups of adults (lacto- and lactoovovegetarians, n = 62; vegans, n = 32) and compared with the levels in a group consuming traditional diet (n = 59), omnivores). In the group of vegetarians the average homocysteine level is 13.18 vs. 10.19 micromol/l in omnivores; the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia is 29 vs. 5% in omnivores. In the group of vegans the average homocysteine value is 15.79 micromol/l (53% of the individual values exceeded 15 micromol/l). Omnivores consume the recommended amount of methionine; however, in individuals consuming an alternative diet, the intake of methionine is deficient (assessed by food frequency questionnaire; lower content of methionine in plant proteins). Under conditions of lower methionine availability the remethylation pathway prevails; therefore, vitamin B(12) and folate were evaluated in relation to the homocysteine level. The serum vitamin B(12) levels are significantly lower in the alternative nutrition groups (214.8 pmol/l in vegetarians, 140.1 pmol/l in vegans vs. 344.7 pmol/l in omnivores); a deficit (<179.0 pmol/l) was found in 26% of the vegetarians and in 78% of the vegans vs. 0% in omnivores. The serum folate levels were within the range of reference values in all groups; however, they were significantly lower in omnivores. The results show that the mild hyperhomocysteinemia in alternative nutrition is a consequence of vitamin B(12) deficiency.     

住院糖尿病患者膳食与营养状况调查分析

为了调查糖尿病患者的营养状况、营养摄人、膳食结构，了解营养治疗原则，我们采用问卷法追踪记录了同一时期33例住院糖尿病患者3天的饮食摄人情况，并用NCCW营养膳食管理系统及统计软件对调查结果进行了分析。同时测量患者身高、体重、上臂围、上臂肌围、肱三头肌皮褶厚度，并检测血胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清总蛋白和血清白蛋白。结果显示，本次调查的糖尿病患者，其膳食构成不够合理，优质蛋白质摄人过少，碳水化合物、Ca、Zn、维生素A的摄人量较标准供给量明显不足，且差异有极显著性。认为，应加强糖尿病防治原则的普及教育工作；糖尿病患者及其家属应熟悉糖尿病的营养治疗原则。